Deck 26: Animal Diversity: Vertebrates

Question 1

What are the closest ancestors of humans (genus Homo)?

A)chimpanzees
B)australopithecines
C)prosimians
D)gibbons

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons because bone-forming ability had not yet evolved in vertebrates when they originated.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The human lineage began to diverge from those of other primates about

A)153 million years ago.
B)210 million years ago.
C)6 million years ago.
D)18 million years ago.
E)64 million years ago.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In lampreys,the notochord is surrounded by a cartilaginous rod.

Question 5

Metamorphosis is

A)changing of one body form to another within a species,such as the change from an aquatic tadpole to a terrestrial frog.
B)an intermediate condition,such as length of legs in mice between longer legs of some mice and shorter legs in others,a condition caused by Hox genes.
C)the developmental changing of a scale to a feather.
D)the evolutionary transition from fishes to amphibians.

Question 6

Which fish were thought to be extinct,but were actually found in living populations?

A)Ostracoderms
B)Acanthodii
C)Placodermi
D)Acanthostega
E)Coelacanth

Question 7

Which is an incorrect match of taxonomic category and common name?

A)Dipnoi/lungfish
B)Actinopterygii/ray-finned fish
C)Actinistian/coelacanth
D)Sarcopterygii/sharks and rays

Question 8

The fins of lobe-finned fish are supported by extensions of the skeleton and are moved by muscles within the fin whereas the fins of ray-finned fish are supported by flexible,nonskeletal elements and are moved by muscles from within the fish's body.

Question 9

Marsupials are distinguished by

A)a marsupium.
B)mammary glands.
C)opposable thumbs.
D)nails.

Question 10

Evolutionarily,the jaws of vertebrates developed from

A)the circular mouth of lampreys.
B)the last gill arch of jawless fishes.
C)the third and fourth gill arches of jawless fishes.
D)the operculum.
E)the claspers.

Question 11

A distinguishing feature of the Squamata is their

A)hard shell.
B)kinetic skull.
C)external fertilization.
D)shell-less eggs.

Question 12

Birds are different from all other living vertebrates because they

A)can fly.
B)lack teeth.
C)have feathers.
D)are bipedal.

Question 13

Hagfish are classified as vertebrates,but they do not have a vertebral column.

Question 14

The swim bladder is an organ in primitive fish from which the lungs of terrestrial vertebrates developed.

Question 15

What is a defining characteristic of members of the Class Testudines?

A)They lack limbs.
B)They have a hard shell.
C)They have a kinetic skull.
D)They have a four-chambered heart.

Question 16

Reptiles are better adapted to life on land than are amphibians.Which external characteristic would a reptile have to lose to make it roughly externally equivalent to an amphibian in terms of ability to tolerate dry land?

A)scales
B)vertebral column
C)eyelids
D)limbs

Question 17

The nearest living relatives of crocodiles and alligators are

A)snakes.
B)birds.
C)turtles.
D)lizards.
E)manatees.

Question 18

You need to explain to your study group why the breathing ability of amniotes is different than that of amphibians.Your classmates argue that something like a terrestrial salamander is identical in its breathing mechanism to an amniote.To convince them of the critical breathing innovations of amniotes,you report that in order to breathe as an amniote does,the terrestrial salamander would have to

A)grow scales on its body.
B)develop new muscular associations in the ribcage.
C)grow lungs.
D)reduce the size of its mouth.

Question 19

Eutherian mammals are uniquely defined by

A)having a placentA.
B)longer gestation periods because of more highly developed placentas.
C)having fur.
D)the young developing in a pouch.
E)laying eggs.

Question 20

As a naturalist,you are responsible for training volunteers in the identification of the types of amphibians.The volunteers will use this information to correctly describe the animals to school groups that will visit your nature center.The training documentation for the volunteers lists important characteristics of the different groups of amphibians,but you notice that one of the items on the list is incorrect.Indicate which description is not correct.

A)Frogs,toads,and most salamanders have four legs whereas caecilians are legless.
B)Some adult salamanders retain larval characteristics such as external gills.
C)Most caecilians can be found burrowing in the soil of tropical forests.
D)While some frogs may advertise their distasteful nature by bright coloration,salamanders always have cryptic coloration.

Question 21

You are charged with differentiating a snake and a lizard.Which of the following statements allows you to make this distinction without any doubt?

A)All snakes lack scales and all lizards have scales.
B)All snakes produce amniotic eggs while all lizards do not.
C)Some snakes are venomous but lizards usually are not venomous.
D)All snakes lack a kinetic skull,but all lizards have a kinetic skull.

Question 22

How would an animal compensate for a nonfunctional lateral line?

A)Sex recognition by male fish would have to be accomplished by the olfactory structures.
B)Pressure waves in the water would have to be detected by other sensory structures.
C)Propulsion and directional control would have to be facilitated by other fins.
D)Gas exchange through the gill slits would have to be increaseD.
E)Skeletal support would need to be reinforced internally.

Question 23

As a new curator for a large public aquarium in your city,you are in charge of correctly identifying some of the animals presently in your care.You have two adult animals in tanks in front of you,and you know that one is a lamprey,and the other is a hagfish.Which feature would allow you to correctly identify each animal?

A)Lampreys lack jaws,but hagfish are jawed fish.
B)Lampreys are parasitic,while hagfish are not parasitic.
C)Hagfish must live in fresh water,while lampreys are entirely marine.
D)Hagfish are noted for their extensive fins,while lampreys lack fins.

Question 24

An organism has inherited a mutation that causes a loss of epidermal outgrowths.What do you predict would be the effect in this individual?

A)The organism would lack feathers or hair.
B)The organism would lack the lateral line system.
C)The organism would lack mesoderm.
D)The organism would lack skin glands.

Question 25

In Earth's history,what might the cooling of the Earth and the resulting change from a forested to a grassy landscape have made adaptive in humans?

A)grasping fingers
B)complex language
C)social structure
D)bipedalism

Question 26

A bird in your care has an infection in its air sacs.What do you predict would be the effect of this infection?

A)The bird would be unable to fly as a result of aerodynamic changes in the infected air sacs.
B)The bird would be much more vulnerable to toxic gases as the air sacs could no longer be protective.
C)Since the air sacs are vestigial,there would be no effect.
D)Metabolism and overall activity levels would decline as a result of lower oxygen flow.

Question 27

If ancestral humans did not develop an opposable thumb,grasping fingers,and binocular vision,how might their history have differed?

A)They would have been less able to occupy the trees.
B)They would have been unable to develop spoken language.
C)They would have been less able to walk upright.
D)They would have been unable to survive without changing their diet.

Question 28

A frog loses its ability to undergo buccal pumping.What must happen to compensate for this loss?

A)The pumping of blood from the atria to the ventricle must increase.
B)The exchange of gases through the skin must increase.
C)The pumping of blood from the ventricle to the body must increase.
D)The diffusion of wastes through the kidneys must increase.
E)The pumping of blood from the ventricle to the atria must increasE.