Deck 32: A: Plant Physiology

Question 1

In plants,______ transports ______ from ______.

A) xylem; sugars; leaves to roots
B) xylem; water; leaves to roots
C) xylem; water; roots to leaves
D) phloem; water; leaves to roots and roots to leaves
E) phloem; water; roots to leaves

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The primary role of the stem is _______.

A) anchoring
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) support
E) water acquisition

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In most plants,photosynthesis takes place _______.

A) in the leaves
B) in the stems
C) in the roots
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sugars are transported by the _______.

Question 5

The central vacuole _______.

A) is the command and control center of the plant cell
B) is the organelle responsible for photosynthesis
C) surrounds the cell membrane
D) helps keep the cell wall rigid
E) takes in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

Question 6

The organelle that creates a plant cell's turgor pressure is the _______.

A) chloroplast
B) vacuole
C) nucleus
D) secondary cell wall
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

The aboveground support structure of most plants is(are)the _______.

A)taproot
B)root hairs
C)stem
D)leaves
E)A and C.

Question 8

Secondary walls of xylem cells are composed largely of _______.

A) acetaldehyde
B) phosphofructose
C) cellulose
D) lignin
E) chitin

Question 9

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the _______.

A) nucleus
B) chloroplast
C) central vacuole
D) cell wall
E) turgor pressure

Question 10

We often think of water moving from the ground up through the plant,and sugar being produced in the leaves and moving down through the plant.However,sugar can also move from the leaves where it is produced and up through the plant.Explain why and when this would happen.

Question 11

Leaves are typically covered with a waxy layer called _______,which reduces water loss.

A) the cuticle
B) keratin
C) chitin
D) lignin
E) ambergris

Question 12

The site of water uptake in the root is the _______.

A) root cap
B) pistils
C) ethylene
D) stomata
E) root hairs

Question 13

In plants,_____ transports ______ from ______.

A) xylem; sugars; leaves to roots
B) phloem; sugars; leaves to roots
C) xylem; water; leaves to roots and roots to leaves
D) phloem; sugars; leaves to roots and roots to leaves
E) xylem; water; leaves to roots

Question 14

Water vapor leaves plants through openings called _______.

A) stamens
B) pistil
C) stomata
D) root hairs
E) cuticles

Question 15

Water is transported by the _______.

Question 16

In most plants,water and minerals are absorbed by _______.

A) the leaves
B) the stems
C) the roots
D) B and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 17

Explain transpiration.

Question 18

Leaves are typically covered with a waxy layer called _______,which reduces water loss.

Question 19

The primary roles of the roots are water acquisition and _______.

A) anchoring
B) reproduction
C) photosynthesis
D) support
E) sugar transport

Question 20

The main photosynthetic organs of most plants are the _______.

A) chloroplasts
B) roots
C) stems
D) leaves
E) flowers

Question 21

In general,plants obtain _______ from the atmosphere and _______ from the soil.

A) carbon dioxide; nitrogen and other nutrients
B) nitrogen; carbon dioxide
C) nitrogen; carbon dioxide and other nutrients
D) carbon dioxide; nitrogen and insects
E) carbon dioxide; nitrogen

Question 22

Carnivorous plants often live in acidic soils where nitrogen-fixing ________ are unable to survive.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) roots
D) yeasts
E) protists

Question 23

Many desert plants close their stomata during the _______.

A) night
B) summer
C) fall
D) day
E) evening

Question 24

You would expect insectivorous/carnivorous plants to be most common _______.

A) in habitats where soils are rich in nitrogen
B) in habitats where soils are poor in nitrogen
C) in habitats where soil is lacking, such as rocky outcrops
D) in habitats where soil is poor in potassium
E) in habitats where soil is poor in phosphates

Question 25

Carnivorous plants often live in acidic soils where ________ -fixing bacteria are unable to survive.

A) phosphorus
B) sulfur
C) molybdenum
D) nitrogen
E) potassium

Question 26

In temperate climates,many trees lose their leaves in the winter because _______.

A) days are short, so the trees don't have enough light to drive photosynthesis
B) when the ground freezes, they don't have enough water to support photosynthesis
C) transpiration only works in the summer
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 27

Plants obtain carbon from _______.

A) water
B) the soil
C) animals
D) fossil fuels
E) the air

Question 28

In extremely hot,arid environments,plants may _______.

A) close stomata during the day and collect carbon dioxide at night
B) have adaptations allowing them to absorb carbon dioxide from leaf spaces when the stomata are closed
C) open stomata during the day because they need the carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
D) keep stomata closed to maximize sugar production
E) A and B

Question 29

Most plants get their nitrogen with the help of nitrogen fixing _______.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) roots
D) yeasts
E) protists

Question 30

Transpiration is an effective mechanism for moving water to the leaves in 300-foot-tall trees because of _______.

A) the cellulose and lignin in the walls of xylem cells
B) the cohesive strength of water that holds water molecules together
C) the force of gravity
D) the ability of plants to open and close their stomata
E) the ability of the central vacuole to release water

Question 31

In temperate (not extremely hot,dry)climates,plants typically _______.

A) keep stomata open all day
B) perform both parts of photosynthesis at the same time
C) have thick, waxy cuticles on their leaves to prevent water loss
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 32

Transpiration _______.

A) is the process by which water evaporates from leaves, pulling more water up from the roots
B) relies on openings in the leaves called stomata
C) relies on the central vacuole to release water from the xylem
D) A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 33

The primary nutrient carnivorous plants seek from capturing insects is _______.

A) phosphorus
B) sulfur
C) carbon
D) nitrogen
E) potassium

Question 34

How is this shading a water conservation strategy?

Question 35

A typical cactus found in an American desert has a green,fleshy stem and leaves reduced to brown and/or white needles and/or fine hairs.Why are the leaves reduced,and where do you think photosynthesis takes place? Explain.

Question 36

The leaves of deciduous trees change color in the fall because _______.

A) trees substitute other pigments-better adapted for cool fall temperatures-for chlorophyll at this time
B) chloroplasts die in the fall and are replaced with other organelles using other pigments
C) trees produce other pigments in addition to chlorophyll; as chlorophyll production is shut down, the other pigments can be seen
D) B and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 37

A plant whose leaves and other tissues are white is missing _______ and must be a(n)_______.

A) chloroplasts; heterotroph
B) chloroplasts; autotroph
C) nucleus; heterotroph
D) nucleus; autotroph
E) central vacuole; autotroph

Question 38

How would a reduction in surface area reduce water loss?

Question 39

Why do leaves of deciduous trees change color in the fall?

Question 40

To conserve water,many desert plants close their _______ during the day.

A) flowers
B) stomata
C) leaves
D) root hairs
E) endodermis

Question 41

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

This is the stamen.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 42

Why don't wind-pollinated flowers have big showy petals?

Question 43

The female sexual organ of the plant is the _______.

A) flower
B) pistil
C) filament
D) stamen
E) receptacle

Question 44

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

These are the male reproductive structures of the flower.

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 7
C) 4 and 5
D) 4, 5, and 6
E) 4, 5, and 7

Question 45

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

This is the anther.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6

Question 46

Flowering plants' eggs are produced inside _______.

A) pollen
B) receptacles
C) petaloids
D) sepals
E) ovules

Question 47

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

This is the style.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7

Question 48

Which of the following plants do NOT produce seeds?

A) apples
B) pine trees
C) gymnosperms
D) angiosperms
E) All of the above.

Question 49

If you were trying to tap maple trees to gather sap for maple syrup and had your choice of trees with yellow,orange,or flaming red leaves,which would you pick? Why?

Question 50

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

This is the stigma.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 7

Question 51

The pistil consists of the _______,_______,and _______.

Question 52

List at least three ways plants disperse their seeds.

Question 53

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

Eggs are found within this structure.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 54

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

This is the filament.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 55

The male sexual organ of the plant is the _______.

A) flower
B) pistil
C) filament
D) stamen
E) receptacle

Question 56

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

Pollen is deposited here.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 57

Use the diagram to answer Questions 52-60.

Pollen is located here.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 58

If you were a flower that relied on a bee to bring you pollen and you wanted to be sure that the pollen you received came from another plant (not you),which arrangement of reproductive parts would be best? Remember that nectar is found at the base of the flower; that's what the bees are after.

A) anthers above the stigma
B) anthers above the ovary
C) stigma above the anthers
D) stigma above the stamen
E) ovary above the anther

Question 59

The role of a flower's petals is to _______.

A) protect the stigma
B) hold the ovary
C) attract a pollinator
D) produce pollen
E) produce ovules

Question 60

Flowering plants' sperm are produced inside _______.

A) pollen
B) receptacles
C) petaloids
D) sepals
E) ovules

Question 61

In roots,where it is concentrated,auxin causes plant cells to _______.

A) mature
B) elongate less than other cells
C) shorten
D) grow toward light
E) grow away from gravity

Question 62

When light shines on one side of a plant more than another,auxin becomes concentrated on _______.

A)the sunny side
B)the shady side
C)the side that is down-in the direction of gravity
D)the side that is up-away from the direction of gravity
E)A and C.

Question 63

Explain how auxin controls phototropism.

Question 64

Walking through a remote tropical forest,you discover a bright,round object about the size of a golf ball.It smells sweet and,when you cut it open,you see a collection of seeds inside white,juicy flesh.From this,you conclude that you have discovered a fruit.The plant it came from is _______.

A) an angiosperm
B) a gymnosperm
C) a club moss
D) equally likely to be an angiosperm or a gymnosperm; you can't tell from the available evidence
E) B and C

Question 65

High levels of _______ promote seed dormancy.

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinins
E) abscisic acid

Question 66

A seed is best described as _______.

A) a plant embryo
B) a plant embryo along with nutrients for early growth and development
C) a plant embryo along with nutrients and a cone
D) a plant embryo along with nutrients and a fruit to attract dispersers
E) a plant embryo with nutrients and a structure to allow wind dispersal

Question 67

Gravitropism is assisted by a hormone in cells called _______.

A) cytokinins
B) gravitropins
C) auxins
D) thigmons
E) giberellins

Question 68

Except in roots,where it is concentrated,auxin causes plant cells to _______.

A) mature
B) elongate
C) shorten
D) grow toward light
E) grow toward gravity

Question 69

Low levels of _______ promote germination.

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinins
E) abscisic acid

Question 70

Rotten fruit can give off _______.

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinins
E) brassinosteroids

Question 71

Walking through a remote tropical forest,you discover a bright,round object about the size of a golf ball.It smells sweet and,when you cut it open,you see a collection of seeds inside white,juicy flesh.From this,you conclude that you have discovered a fruit.The seeds from this fruit are most likely dispersed by _______.

A) wind
B) water
C) hummingbirds
D) ballistics: seeds are shot out of the fruit by water pressure
E) an animal who eats the fruit and deposits the seeds in feces

Question 72

Auxin is _______.

A) a plant hormone
B) a chemical involved in photosynthesis
C) critical for seed dispersal
D) responsible for helping fruit to ripen
E) All of the above.

Question 73

When a plant stem is lying on its side,auxin becomes more concentrated on _______.

A)the sunny side
B)the shady side
C)the side that is down-in the direction of gravity
D)the side that is up-away from the direction of gravity
E)A and C.

Question 74

Vines can curl around trellises because auxin becomes concentrated _______.

A) on the side of the stem touching the trellis
B) on the side of the stem away from the trellis
C) on the sunny side
D) on the shady side
E) on the side that is down-in the direction of gravity

Question 75

Which of the following promotes fruit ripening?

A) auxin
B) gibberellin
C) ethylene
D) cytokinins
E) brassinosteroids

Question 76

You need ripe (soft)avocados to make guacamole for a party in 3 days,but you need to do your shopping today.Although the avocados at the grocery store are all labeled with a sticker proclaiming "Ripe!" each is hard as a rock.How can you get them soft in time? Explain.

Question 77

Response to light is called _______.

A) autotropism
B) thigmotropism
C) phototropism
D) lichtotropism
E) gravitropism

Question 78

_______ produce _______ whereas _______ produce _______.

A) Gymnosperms; cones; angiosperms; seeds
B) Gymnosperms; seeds in cones; angiosperms; seeds in fruit
C) Gymnosperms; seeds; angiosperms; cones
D) Gymnosperms; seeds in cones; angiosperms; fruits in seeds
E) None of the above.

Question 79

In plants,the aging process (including ripening)is regulated by _______.

A) auxin
B) ethylene
C) gibberellin
D) abscisic acid
E) A and B

Question 80

Ethylene can make fruit look ripe,but it does not increase their sugar content.Can you explain the bland taste of many tomatoes in winter using these facts?