Deck 14: Blood

Question 1

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the

A) white blood cells.
B) red blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) macrophages.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A primary function of lymphocytes is to

A) phagocytize damaged cells.
B) produce enzymes that dissolve blood clots.
C) release substances that initiate blood clots.
D) act against foreign substances.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

A) 15%.
B) 30%.
C) 45%.
D) 60%.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into

A) iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin.
B) iron and the bile pigment bilirubin, which is eventually converted to biliverdin.
C) iron and interleukins.
D) serum and plasma proteins.

Question 5

Which is the correct sequence for differentiation of a red blood cell?

A) Hematopoietic stem cell, erythrocyte, hematoblast, erythroblast
B) Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, erythrocyte, reticulocyte
C) Hematopoietic stem cell, hemocytoblast, erythrocyte, erythroblast
D) Hematopoietic stem cell, erythroblast, reticulocyte, erythrocyte

Question 6

Blood volume varies with

A) amount of adipose tissue.
B) changes in electrolyte and fluid concentrations.
C) body size.
D) all of the above.

Question 7

Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?

A) T cells and B cells
B) Erythrocytes and platelets
C) Neutrophils and basophils
D) Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 8

Hematocrit is

A) the percent of red blood cells in a blood sample.
B) a disease.
C) a clotting factor.
D) the color of plasma.

Question 9

The normal white blood cell count is

A) 500-1,000 cells per microliter of blood.
B) 4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood.
C) 45,000-100,000 cells per microliter of blood.
D) 5,000,000-10,000,000 cells per microliter of blood.

Question 10

Which of the following formed elements releases serotonin?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Platelets
C) Neutrophils
D) Basophils

Question 11

Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

A) deoxyhemoglobin.
B) oxyhemoglobin.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) carbon monoxide.

Question 12

"Formed elements" are

A) sodium and potassium.
B) blood cells and platelets.
C) serum and plasma.
D) blood and lymph.

Question 13

Which of the following are most active as phagocytes?

A) Erythrocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Basophils
D) Eosinophils

Question 14

Vitamin B₁₂ is poorly absorbed in the absence of

A) folic acid
B) erythropoietin.
C) intrinsic factor.
D) extrinsic factor.

Question 15

Sickle cell disease is caused by

A) a lack of dietary iron.
B) a lack of intrinsic factor.
C) an excess of hemoglobin.
D) a mutation.

Question 16

Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in color.

A) greenish; purple
B) greenish; orange
C) black; red
D) brownish; orange

Question 17

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

A) A basophil
B) An eosinophil
C) A neutrophil
D) A monocyte

Question 18

Heparin prevents blood clotting by

A) binding to calcium ions.
B) interfering with the formation of thrombin and fibrinogen.
C) inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.
D) depleting the blood of platelets.

Question 19

The formed elements in the blood are

A) mostly red blood cells.
B) mostly white blood cells.
C) mostly platelets.
D) about equal numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 20

Platelets are best described as

A) giant, multinucleated cells.
B) immature leukocytes.
C) cytoplasmic fragments of cells.
D) lymphoid cells.

Question 21

What is the difference between serum and plasma?

A) Plasma contains calcium; serum does not.
B) Plasma does not have blood cells; serum does.
C) Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not.
D) Plasma contains albumin; serum does not.

Question 22

Which of the following drinks reduces the amount of iron absorbed from food?

A) Milk
B) Tea
C) Coffee
D) Wine

Question 23

As a result of starvation or a protein-deficient diet, blood protein concentration

A) increases and water accumulates in tissue spaces.
B) decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces.
C) increases and water accumulates in cells.
D) decreases and water accumulates in cells.

Question 24

Plasma electrolytes include

A) bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions.
B) monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils.
C) fibrinogen, globulins, and albumin.
D) urea and uric acid.

Question 25

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include

A) amino acids.
B) urea.
C) creatinine.
D) all of the above.

Question 26

Which of the following is not required for the formation of a blood clot?

A) Calcium
B) Fibrinogen
C) Vitamin K
D) Albumin

Question 27

Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by

A) activating production of hemoglobin normally produced only in a fetus.
B) removing sickled cells.
C) stimulating hematopoietic stem cells.
D) transfusing new blood.

Question 28

The form of anemia caused by lack of dietary iron is

A) pernicious anemia.
B) aplastic anemia.
C) hemolytic anemia.
D) iron deficiency anemia.

Question 29

Blood platelets

A) form from megakaryocytes.
B) release serotonin.
C) number from 150,000 - 450,000 per microliter blood.
D) all of the above.

Question 30

In edema

A) the body shrivels from dehydration.
B) tissues swell with fluid.
C) blood clots inappropriately.
D) monocytes dominate the blood.

Question 31

Which plasma protein is accurately described?

A) Albumin-blood clot formation
B) Gamma globulin-maintaining blood osmotic pressure
C) Fibrinogen-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
D) Beta globulins-transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

Question 32

Diapedesis is

A) the formation of platelets from megakaryocytes.
B) filling of red blood cells with hemoglobin.
C) movements of white blood cells out of the circulation.
D) squeezing of red blood cells through narrow capillaries.

Question 33

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

A) a lung through a pulmonary artery.
B) a lung through a pulmonary vein.
C) the heart through a pulmonary artery.
D) the heart through a pulmonary vein.

Question 34

Blood vessel spasms following an injury are stimulated by

A) parasympathetic impulses.
B) the formation of a fibrin clot.
C) serotonin released from platelets.
D) the release of heparin from eosinophils.

Question 35

What is the substance in tea that binds iron, reducing the amount absorbed?

A) Ascorbic acid
B) Caffeine
C) Folic acid
D) Tannic acid

Question 36

Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate

A) intravascular clotting.
B) the Hageman factor.
C) extrinsic clotting mechanism.
D) intrinsic clotting mechanism.

Question 37

Pus is composed of

A) neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
B) bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells.
C) mucus, sputum, and platelets.
D) water, serum, and fibers.

Question 38

A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n)

A) aneurysm.
B) embolus.
C) thrombus.
D) platelet plug.

Question 39

The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are

A) MHC complexes.
B) interleukins.
C) lymphocytes.
D) antibodies.

Question 40

Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it

A) increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.
B) decreases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells.
C) increases the red blood cell supply, which depletes oxygen from muscle cells.
D) increases the white blood cell supply, which prevents infection.

Question 41

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of

A) fibrinogen to fibrin.
B) fibrin to fibrinogen.
C) thrombin to prothrombin.
D) vitamin K to prothrombin.

Question 42

The final step in the formation of a blood clot is

A) the formation of prothrombin activator.
B) that thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
C) that prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.
D) tissue damage.

Question 43

A person with type A blood can successfully donate blood to a person with type ________ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) O
D) none of the above

Question 44

Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for

A) erythroblastosis fetalis.
B) leukemia.
C) sickle cell disease.
D) edema.

Question 45

On a long transcontinental flight, a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, and legs as much as he can. He does this every two hours. The flight attendant asks him to sit down, but he explains that he is trying to prevent a very dangerous medical condition. He is talking about

A) leukemia.
B) deep vein thrombosis.
C) aplastic anemia.
D) thrombocytopenia.

Question 46

Vitamin K

A) is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin.
B) is used to make hemoglobin.
C) requires intrinsic factor to be absorbed.
D) is a clotting factor.

Question 47

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces

A) antigens A and B.
B) antigen A only.
C) antigen B only.
D) neither antigens A nor B.

Question 48

Universal precautions are

A) specific measures that astronauts take in space to avoid leaving microorganisms beyond the Earth.
B) specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace.
C) rules used to avoid mismatched blood types in transfusions.
D) the careful administration of clotting factors to stop bleeding during surgery.

Question 49

What percentage of the US population is Rh negative?

A) 1.5% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
B) 5% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
C) 15% of Caucasians and 5% of African Americans
D) 25% of the total population

Question 50

The distribution of ABO blood types among Korean Americans differs markedly from that of Native Americans in that

A) Native Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Korean Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.
B) nearly all Korean Americans are blood types A or B.
C) nearly all Native Americans are type AB, with very few type O.
D) Korean Americans have about equal frequency of types O, A, and B, with 10% AB, whereas Native Americans have mostly type O, with type AB very rare.

Question 51

The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates

A) the intrinsic clotting mechanism.
B) the extrinsic clotting mechanism.
C) platelet plug formation.
D) hemolysis.

Question 52

Which is the most rare ABO blood type in the US?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 53

Petechiae are a symptom of

A) anemia.
B) thrombocytopenia.
C) leukemia.
D) hemophilia.

Question 54

Erythroblastosis fetalis may occur in

A) a second Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
B) a first Rh-positive fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
C) a second Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.
D) a first Rh-negative fetus developing in an Rh-negative woman.

Question 55

Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis are

A) prolonged periods of staying still in one position.
B) use of oral contraceptives or estrogen.
C) dehydration.
D) all of the above.

Question 56

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release

A) collagen.
B) creatine.
C) serotonin.
D) fibrin.

Question 57

In leukemia

A) the blood has too many immature leukocytes.
B) the person has lowered resistance to infection.
C) the blood has too few platelets
D) all of the above.

Question 58

A person with type AB blood can successfully receive blood from a person with type ___________ blood.

A) A
B) B
C) O
D) all of the above

Question 59

Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of

A) vitamin K.
B) platelets.
C) leukocytes.
D) factor VII.

Question 60

Marianne has small, bruise-like spots on her skin and a low platelet count. These blemishes are most likely

A) pinpricks.
B) blood blisters.
C) petechiae.
D) hematomas.

Question 61

The most important action of plasma albumin is

A) acting as antibodies of immunity.
B) transporting lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
C) serving as energy sources.
D) helping maintain colloid osmotic pressure.

Question 62

A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell.

Question 63

Blood is a type of epithelial tissue.

Question 64

Vitamin B₁₂ is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor.

Question 65

Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors.

Question 66

Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________________ .

Question 67

Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules?

A) Cobalt
B) Iron
C) Copper
D) Iodine

Question 68

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin.

Question 69

Genotyping differs from serology in that

A) genotyping detects diverse antigens, whereas serology detects the underlying genetic instructions for those antigens.
B) serology detects diverse antigens, whereas genotyping detects the underlying genetic instructions for those antigens.
C) genotyping requires a fresh blood sample whereas serology can be done on a dried sample.
D) serology is faster.

Question 70

Vitamin B is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of __________ .

Question 71

Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample?

A) Monocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) Neutrophils

Question 72

The test that determines the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample is the _____ white blood cell count.

Question 73

_____________ is the term used to describe the stoppage of bleeding by any one of several means.

Question 74

When hemoglobin molecules are decomposed, a greenish pigment called _____________ is formed.

Question 75

Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are

A) thrombus and embolus.
B) urokinase and streptokinase.
C) factor IV and factor XII.
D) calcium ions and prothrombin activator.

Question 76

The hormone released from the kidneys that promotes the production of red blood cells is ______________ .

Question 77

Plasma contains fibrinogen, serum does not.

Question 78

In an adult, red blood cells are produced primarily in the _______ _______ ________ .

Question 79

An abnormally low white blood cell count is called ____________ .

Question 80

The most abundant type of plasma protein is ____________ .