Deck 26: Alterations of Erythrocyte Function

Question 1

How is the effectiveness of vitamin B₁₂ therapy measured?

A) Reticulocyte count
B) Serum transferring
C) Hemoglobin
D) Serum vitamin B₁₂

Answer 1

Reticulocyte count

Question 2

Untreated pernicious anemia is fatal,usually because of:

A) brain hypoxiA.
B) liver hypoxia.
C) heart failure.
D) renal failure.

Answer 2

heart failure.

Question 3

Considering oral iron therapy,the ferric form is preferred to the ferrous form because ferric is more readily absorbed.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The major physiologic manifestation of anemia is:

A) hypotension.
B) hyperesthesia.
C) hypoxia.
D) ischemia.

Question 5

Anemia of chronic disease is initially a normochromic and normocytic anemia,but as the condition progresses,it becomes hypochromic and microcytic.

Question 6

In some anemias the erythrocytes are present in various sizes;this is referred to as:

A) poikilocytosis.
B) isocytosis.
C) anisocytosis.
D) microcytosis.

Question 7

In hemolytic anemia,the bone marrow is capable of increasing red cell production up to three times its normal rate.

Question 8

Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B₁₂ alter the synthesis of which cell component?

A) Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
B) Cell membrane
C) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
D) Mitochondria

Question 9

What causes the paresthesia that occurs in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia?

A) Reduction in acetylcholine receptors in the post-synaptic nerves
B) Myelin degeneration in the spinal cord
C) Destruction of myelin in peripheral nerves
D) Altered function of neurons in the parietal lobe

Question 10

Which statement about folic acid is false?

A) Folic acid absorption is dependent on the enzyme folacin.
B) Folic acid is stored in the liver.
C) Folic acid is essential for RNA and DNA synthesis within erythrocytes.
D) Folic acid is absorbed in the upper small intestine.

Question 11

How does the body compensate for anemia?

A) Increased rate and depth of breathing
B) Capillary vasoconstriction
C) Hemoglobin holds onto oxygen more firmly
D) Kidneys release more erythropoietin

Question 12

Which of the following anemias is classified as a macrocytic-normochromic anemia?

A) Iron deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Sideroblastic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia

Question 13

The underlying disorder of _____ anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor,which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂.

A) microcytic
B) pernicious
C) hypochromic
D) hemolytic

Question 14

After a patient has a subtotal gastrectomy,what type of anemia would result?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious
C) Folic acid
D) Vitamin B₁₂

Question 15

How does atrophy of gastric mucosal cells result in pernicious anemia?

A) Because of erythrocyte destruction
B) Because of folic acid malabsorption
C) Because of vitamin B₁₂ malabsorption
D) Because of poor nutritional intake

Question 16

The neurologic symptoms in vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia are not reversed even with appropriate treatment.

Question 17

What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

A) Decreased dietary intake
B) Chronic blood loss
C) Vitamin deficiency
D) Autoimmune disease

Question 18

A patient has fatigue,weakness,and dyspnea.His conjunctiva and palms are pale.His nails appear brittle,thin,and concave,and he has sores at the corners of his mouth.Considering this information,the nurse decided that this patient probably has _____ anemia.

A) pernicious
B) iron deficiency
C) aplastic
D) hemolytic

Question 19

A person can have vitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia without having pernicious anemia.

Question 20

Which anemia produces small,pale erythrocytes?

A) Folic acid
B) Hemolytic
C) Iron deficiency
D) Pernicious

Question 21

What is the pathophysiologic process of aplastic anemia?

A) Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated cytotoxic T cells
B) Malignancy of the bone marrow in which unregulated proliferation of erythrocytes crowd out other blood cells
C) Autoimmune disease against hematopoiesis by activated immunoglobulins
D) Inherited genetic disorder with recessive x-linked transmission

Question 22

Which is a characteristic of warm antibody immunohemolytic anemia?

A) It occurs primarily in men.
B) It is self-limiting and rarely produces hemolysis.
C) Erythrocytes are bound to macrophages and sequestered in the spleen.
D) Immunoglobulin M (IgM)coats erythrocytes and binds them to receptors on monocytes.

Question 23

If a man has inherited the gene for sideroblastic anemia,he received it from his:

A) mother.
B) father.
C) mother and father.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about hepcidin is false?

A) Hepcidin inhibits iron uptake in the duodenum and its release from macrophages.
B) Hypoxia has been identified as a stimulus for hepcidin.
C) Hepcidin levels are reduced in people with hemochromatosis because of a mutation in genes involved with iron metabolism.
D) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-,interleukin 1 (IL-1),and alpha interferon (

Question 25

Erythrocyte life span less than 120 days,ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin,and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiology of which anemia?

A) Aplastic anemia
B) Sideroblastic anemia
C) Anemia of chronic disease
D) Iron deficiency anemia

Question 26

In hemolytic anemia,when does jaundice occur?

A) Only when erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen
B) Only when heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin
C) Only when the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST)and alanine transaminase (ALT)
D) Only when the erythrocytes are coated with an immunoglobulin

Question 27

What is the Schilling test?

A) The administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurement of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
B) The measurement of antigen-antibody immune complexes in the blood to test for hemolytic anemia
C) The measurement of serum ferritin and total iron-binding capacity in the blood to test for iron deficiency anemia
D) The administration of folate and measurement in 2 hours of its level in a blood sample to test for folic acid deficiency anemia

Question 28

Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of:

A) a decreased erythrocyte count.
B) destruction of erythrocytes.
C) increased blood viscosity.
D) neurologic involvement.

Question 29

When a woman has pernicious anemia,how long will she need to continue this therapy?

A) For 6 to 8 weeks
B) For 8 to 12 months
C) Until her iron level is normal
D) For the rest of her life

Question 30

In aplastic anemia,why does pancytopenia develop?

A) Suppression of erythropoietin to produce adequate amount of erythrocytes
B) Suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes,leukocytes,and thrombocytes
C) Lack of DNA to form sufficient quantities of erythrocytes,leukocytes,and thrombocytes
D) Lack of stem cells to form sufficient quantities of leukocytes

Question 31

A patient has cheilosis,stomatitis,and painful ulceration of the buccal mucosa and mouth.He complains of dysphagia and watery diarrhea.These clinical manifestations are indicative of which anemia?

A) Pernicious anemia
B) Folate deficiency anemia
C) Anemia of chronic disease
D) Iron deficiency anemia

Question 32

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Pernicious anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 33

Clinical manifestations of mild to moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly,bronze skin,and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia?

A) Iron deficiency
B) Pernicious
C) Sideroblastic
D) Aplastic

Question 34

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Sideroblastic anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 35

Anemia of chronic disease is a mild to moderate anemia associated with chronic infections,chronic noninfectious inflammatory diseases,and malignancies.Chronic diseases commonly associated with this anemia include all of the following except:

A) rheumatoid arthritis.
B) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
C) polycythemia vera.
D) systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 36

How is pernicious anemia treated?

A) Vitamin B₁₂ by oral intake
B) Cyanocobalamin by intramuscular injection
C) Ferrous fumarate by intramuscular injection,Z track
D) Folate by oral intake

Question 37

Treatment for polycythemia vera involves:

A) therapeutic phlebotomy and radioactive phosphorus.
B) restoration of blood volume by plasma expanders.
C) the administration of cyanocobalamin.
D) iron-replacement therapy.
E) blood transfusions.

Question 38

A person with sideroblastic anemia would be likely to have _____ plasma levels of iron.

A) high
B) low
C) normal
D) absent

Question 39

An allogenic bone marrow transplantation remains the preferred and most successful method for treating which anemia?

A) Polycythemia vera
B) Aplastic anemia
C) Sideroblastic anemia
D) Anemia of chronic disease

Question 40

A female patient complains of chronic gastritis,fatigue,weight loss,and tingling in her fingers.Laboratory findings show low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels,and a high mean corpuscular volume.These findings are consistent with which type of anemia?

A) Folate deficiency anemia
B) Pernicious anemia
C) Iron deficiency anemia
D) Aplastic anemia

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Anemia of chronic disease

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 42

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Iron deficiency anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Aplastic anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Folate deficiency anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the phrases with the corresponding terms.(Options may be used more than once. )
Vitamin B₁₂ anemia

A)Normocytic-normochromic anemia
B)Microcytic-hypochromic anemia
C)Macrocytic-normochromic anemia