Deck 13: Reviewing Statistical Theory and Determining Sample Size

Question 1

The normal distribution is represented by the normal curve.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A common practice in marketing research is to use the 75 percent confidence interval about the mean in research studies.

Answer 2

True
The common practice is to use the 95 percent confidence interval.

Question 3

A confidence range is a specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie.

Answer 3

False
A confidence interval estimate is a specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie.

Question 4

A top-box score refers to the top quartile of responses.

Question 5

The standardized normal distribution has a mean of 1.0 and a standard deviation of zero.

Question 6

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a probability distribution.

Question 7

The primary purpose of inferential statistics is to make a judgment about a population.

Question 8

If between 125 and 150 units of a product have been produced each day during the past month,the range of this production is 150 units.

Question 9

Percentage frequency is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

Question 10

The mode is the measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often.

Question 11

A point estimate is an estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value.

Question 12

The midpoint of a distribution,above which and below which half of the scores fall,is called the mode.

Question 13

"As sample size increases,the distribution of sample means of samples of size n (when randomly selected)approaches a normal distribution" is a fundamental assumption of the central-limit theorem.

Question 14

The standardized normal distribution is a purely theoretical probability distribution and is of little use in inferential statistics.

Question 15

One hundred percent of the scores in a normal distribution fall within plus or minus two standard deviations of the mean.

Question 16

The mean is simply the arithmetic average.

Question 17

Population parameters are measured characteristics of a specific population.

Question 18

The standard deviation eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than the original measurement units.

Question 19

The standardized value of Z is computed by the formula: Z = (X - m)/s.

Question 20

The average deviation score is frequently used in marketing research studies.

Question 21

The arithmetic average of a set of numbers is referred to as the _____.

A) proportion
B) mode
C) mean
D) median

Question 22

Three factors are required to specify sample size: (1)the variance of the population; (2)the population mean; and (3)the confidence level.

Question 23

Which of the following refers to the proportion of respondents who choose the most positive choice in a multiple choice question?

A) heteroskedasticity
B) mode
C) median
D) top-box score

Question 24

When a researcher wants to estimate national market share based on the results of the test market for a new product in St.Louis and Kansas City,this is an example of _____.

A) descriptive statistics
B) the central limit theorem
C) inferential statistics
D) the standardized normal distribution

Question 25

_____ is the long-run relative frequency with which an event will occur.

A) Probability
B) Central tendency
C) Estimation
D) Deviation

Question 26

Find the mean score of the following set of scores: 2,5,7,4,8 .

A) 4.8
B) 5.2
C) 7
D) 26

Question 27

The measure of central tendency that identifies the value that occurs most often is called the _____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 28

A set of data organized by summarizing the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs is referred to as a(n)_____.

A) inference table
B) frequency distribution
C) probability sample
D) sample summary

Question 29

A researcher must calculate the population mean to calculate the confidence intervals.

Question 30

Which of the following is a measure of the central tendency of a set of scores?

A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) all of these choices

Question 31

The value below which half the values in a distribution fall is the _____.

A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) range

Question 32

The variance,or heterogeneity,of the population refers to the standard deviation of the population.

Question 33

The formula below is used to calculate the _______ .

A) mode of a sample
B) median of a sample
C) sample mean
D) range of a sample

Question 34

If 206 people in a sample of 560 people say that they "liked a product" that they purchased during a test market study in Cincinnati,the proportion of people in this study who said that they liked this product was about _____.

A) 0.40
B) 0.37
C) 0.56
D) 2.71

Question 35

Hank has developed a set of data organized by summarizing the values resulting from rolling a pair of die.He constructed a table of his data and found that five was the most common result.This is an example of a _____.

A) population parameter
B) mean
C) frequency distribution
D) median

Question 36

The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is called a(n)_____.

A) top-box score
B) distribution
C) proportion
D) range

Question 37

The confidence interval increases as the sample size,n,increases.

Question 38

Measures computed from sample data are called _____.

A) sample statistics
B) population parameters
C) sample frequencies
D) normalized scores

Question 39

Find the median of the following scores: 1,2,3,4,5,5,7

A) 3.86
B) 4
C) 6
D) 27

Question 40

In most cases,the size of the population does not have a major effect on the sample size.

Question 41

Which theory states that as sample size increases,the distribution of sample means of size n,randomly selected,approaches a normal distribution?

A) prospect theory
B) central-limit theorem
C) dispersion theory
D) entropy

Question 42

Find the mode of the following scores: 1,2,3,4,5,5,7

A) 3.86
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 43

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value,usually the sample mean,is called a _____.

A) confidence interval estimate
B) standard deviation
C) point estimate
D) variant

Question 44

One of the most common probability distributions in statistics is the _____ distribution.

A) normal
B) bell
C) central
D) confidence interval

Question 45

Which of the following eliminates the drawback of having the measure of dispersion in squared units rather than in the original measurement units?

A) standard deviation
B) variance
C) deviation
D) mean

Question 46

Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

A) mean
B) proportion
C) range
D) all of these choices

Question 47

In statistical terms,______ the sample size ______ the width of the confidence interval about the mean at a given confidence level.

A) increasing; decreases
B) increasing; increases
C) decreasing; decreases
D) none of these choices

Question 48

The formula below is the formula for the ______ .

A) standard deviation
B) standard error of the mean
C) standard error of the proportion
D) variance

Question 49

If the population mean is assumed to be 20 and the sample standard deviation is 5,a score of 15 would have a Z-value of _____.

A) +1.00
B) -7.00
C) -1.00
D) +5.00

Question 50

The following formula is the formula for calculating the ______ .

A) standard error of the mean
B) standard deviation
C) standard normal distribution
D) variance

Question 51

Find the approximate standard deviation of the following set of scores: 3,6,2,7,8 .

A) 2.24
B) 2.59
C) 3.32
D) 6.70

Question 52

If the price of a product ranges from $59 to $179,the range of these prices is _____

A) $238
B) $60
C) $120
D) $179

Question 53

All of the following are characteristics of the standardized normal distribution EXCEPT _____.

A) symmetrical about its mean
B) has an infinite number of cases
C) mean identifies the normal curve's highest point (the mode)
D) has a mean of 1 and a standard deviation of 0

Question 54

A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a _____.

A) normal distribution
B) sample statistic
C) population distribution
D) standard error

Question 55

The _____ distribution is a symmetrical,bell-shaped distribution that describes the expected probability distribution of many chance occurrences.

A) bell-weather
B) common
C) normal
D) unique

Question 56

A frequency distribution of a sample is called a(n)_____.

A) sample distribution
B) inferred distribution
C) secondary distribution
D) standard distribution

Question 57

Which of the following is a step in determining sample size?

A) estimate the standard deviation of the population
B) make a judgment about the allowable magnitude of error
C) determine a confidence level
D) all of these choices

Question 58

If the sample standard deviation is 10.5 and the sample mean is 48 based on a study with a sample size of 120,the 95 percent confidence interval about the mean is between approximately _____.

A) 44.37 and 51.63
B) 46.12 and 49.88
C) 47.88 and 48.12
D) 40.0 and 50.0

Question 59

If the average units produced in a month by a Ford Motor Co.plant for Ford Explorers is 22,but only 18 Explorers are produced on a given day in that same month,the deviation score for this one day is _____.

A) +4
B) -4
C) 40
D) 2

Question 60

Which of the following represents the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?

A) range
B) standard median
C) dispersion
D) standard error of the mean

Question 61

A specified range of numbers within which a population mean is expected to lie is known as the ______ estimate.

Question 62

Compare and contrast describe statistics and inferential statistics.Which one is most appropriate for causal research?

Question 63

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution is called the ______ of the mean.

Question 64

The middle score in the rank order of scores is called the ______ score.

Question 65

The formula below is used to calculate the ______ .
(ZS/E)²

A) sample standard deviation
B) population standard deviation
C) sample size
D) sample variance

Question 66

Three factors in determining sample size for questions involving means are: (1)the variance,or heterogeneity,of the population; (2)the magnitude of acceptable error; and (3)the _____.

Question 67

Traditionally,market researchers have used the ______ percent confidence level in research studies.

Question 68

The idea that as sample size increases,the distribution of sample means of samples of size n,when randomly selected,approaches a normal distribution is known as the ______.

Question 69

The percentage of elements that meet some criterion is referred to as the _____.

Question 70

A frequency distribution of the population elements is called a(n)_____ distribution.

Question 71

A frequency distribution organized into a table or graph that summarizes percentage values associated with particular values of a variable is called a(n)_____.

Question 72

Variables in a sample or measures computed from sample data are called _____.

Question 73

If 35 percent of TV viewers recalled seeing an ad for a Toyota Prius on a particular television program based on a sample of 800 viewers,the 95 percent confidence interval for this study would be between approximately _____.

A) 30 percent and 40 percent
B) 32 percent and 38 percent
C) 28 percent and 42 percent
D) 20 percent and 30 percent

Question 74

When you add up a set of scores and divide the result by the number of scores,you have determined the ______ of the distribution,which is a measure of central tendency.

Question 75

When a data set is summarized by counting the number of times each value for a variable occurs in the sample,this is known as a(n)______.

Question 76

The simplest measure of the dispersion of a set of scores is the ______ .

Question 77

Describe the measures of central tendency and calculate each for the following salary data: $25,000,$35,000,$35,000,$40,000,$50,000,$70,000,and $350,000.Which is the best measure of central tendency for this data?

Question 78

The _____ distribution is bell shaped.

Question 79

An estimate of the population mean in the form of a single value is called a(n)_____.

Question 80

The confidence interval for a proportion uses which of the following formulas?

A) p ±ZSp
B) Sp ±ZP
C) ±ZSs
D) none of these choices