Deck 21: Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements I: Groups 1,2,13,and 14

Question 1

Sodium will most readily form which of the following compounds?

A)Na₃As
B)Na₃P
C)NaCl
D)Na₄P
E)As₃Na

Answer 1

NaCl

Question 2

Metal oxides generally form an acidic solution in water.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Sodium chloride may be produced by electrolysis of sodium metal and chlorine gas.
B)Sodium chloride is one of the most used minerals in the production of chemicals.
C)Sodium chloride is used to preserve meat and fish.
D)Sodium chloride is used to control ice on roads.
E)Sodium chloride is used to regenerate water softeners.

Answer 3

Sodium chloride may be produced by electrolysis of sodium metal and chlorine gas.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about lithium is FALSE?

A)It is used as an alloying agent with aluminum and magnesium.
B)Lithium alloys are high strength and low density.
C)The alloys are important in aerospace and aircraft industries.
D)Lithium is used in batteries because it is difficult to oxidize.
E)An advantage to lithium batteries is light weight.

Question 5

A magnesium fire can always be extinguished with carbon dioxide.

Question 6

An amphoteric substance acts as an acid in strongly basic solution and as a base in strongly acidic solution.

Question 7

The formula for barium superoxide is BaO₂.

Question 8

Hydrogen peroxide may act only as an oxidizing agent.

Question 9

Which of the following is INCORRECT?
A reaction typical for an alkali metal (M)is:

A)M₂O + H₂O → 2 MOH
B)M + X₂ → MX₂ (X = halogen)
C)2 M + 2 NH₃ → 2 MNH₂ + H₂
D)2 M + O₂ → M₂O₂
E)2 M + H₂ → 2 MH

Question 10

The first ionization energy of calcium is smaller than that of strontium.

Question 11

In a nonmetal hydroxide the oxygen-hydrogen bond is generally less polar than the nonmetal-oxygen bond.

Question 12

Which of the following is uncharacteristic of the alkali metals?

A)large electronegativity
B)soft
C)produce visible color in flame test
D)low melting points
E)low ionization energies

Question 13

The chemistry of Be is different from that of the other group 2 metals due to the small size of Be²⁺.

Question 14

Strontium hydroxide is more soluble in water than is calcium hydroxide.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the use of sodium is FALSE?

A)Sodium vapor lamps are used outdoors.
B)Sodium is used in reactors because it has a low melting point.
C)Sodium is used in reactors because it has a high boiling point.
D)Sodium is used in reactors because it has a high thermal conductivity.
E)A typical sodium vapor lamp uses several grams of sodium.

Question 16

Which of the following is uncharacteristic of the alkali metals?

A)low ionization energy
B)low electronegativity
C)large negative electrode potential
D)two electrons in the valence shell
E)produce colored flames when heated

Question 17

The atomic radius of calcium is smaller than that of strontium.

Question 18

Strontium is a softer metal than calcium.

Question 19

Strontium hydroxide is classified as "basic."

Question 20

The only by-product obtained in the Solvay process is:

A)NH₃
B)CO₂
C)CaO
D)CaCl₂
E)NH₄Cl

Question 21

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Group 2 (2A)compounds are less soluble than Group 1 (1A)compounds.
B)Group 2 (2A)compounds often form hydrates.
C)Hydrates are compounds that have water molecules bonded to them.
D)Group 2 (2A)elements react with halogens to form metal halides.
E)Limestone is CaCl₂.

Question 22

When sodium and potassium react with excess oxygen,the major products are:

A)Na₂O₂ and KO₂
B)NaO₂ and KO₂
C)Na₂O and KO₂
D)Na₂O₂ and K₂O₂
E)NaO₂ and K₂O₂

Question 23

Which incorrectly shows the main product of reaction of the indicated alkali metal with excess oxygen?

A)Li/Li₂O
B)Na/Na₂O₂
C)K/K₂O₂
D)Rb/RbO₂
E)Cs/CsO₂

Question 24

Which of the following react with water without the formation of H₂ gas as a product?

A)KO₂
B)NaH
C)Li
D)Sr

Question 25

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The diagonal relationship is the similarity of properties of the top element of one group to the second element of the next group.
B)Li - Mg is a diagonal relationship.
C)C - P is a diagonal relationship.
D)Be - Al is a diagonal relationship.
E)B - Si is a diagonal relationship.

Question 26

Finish the following reaction:
SnO₂ + NaOH(aq)+ H₂O(l)→

A)SnO₂(s)+ 2 NaOH(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Na₂Sn(OH)₆(s)
B)SnO₂(s)+ 2 NaOH(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Sn(OH)₂(s)+ 2 NaO(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)
C)SnO₂(s)+ 2 NaOH(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Sn(OH)₄(s)+ 2 NaO(s)+ H₂(g)
D)SnO₂(s)+ 2 NaOH(aq)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Sn(OH)₂(s)+ 2 Na(s)+ 2 H₂O₂(aq)
E)There is no reaction.

Question 27

Write the general reaction for a group 1 (1A)metal with water.

A)2 M(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ H₂O₂(aq)+ 2 MH(s)
B)2 M(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 2 MOH(aq)+ H₂(g)
C)M(s)+ H₂O(l)→ MO(s)+ H₂(g)
D)2 M(s)+ H₂O(l)→ M₂O(s)+ H₂(g)
E)2 M(s)+ 2H₂O(l)→ M(OH)₂(s)+ H₂(g)

Question 28

Which of the following metals reacts most violently with water?

A)Cs
B)Na
C)Mg
D)Ba

Question 29

In the production of magnesium metal by the Dow process,the other immediate product of the electrolysis of the molten magnesium chloride is:

A)H₂(g)
B)HCl(g)
C)Cl₂(g)
D)MgO(s)
E)Mg(OH)₂(s)

Question 30

Lithium differs from other members of the group 1 (1A)elements in which way?

A)It does not react with water under any conditions.
B)It forms a nitride.
C)Its hydroxide is very soluble.
D)It is a rather soft metal.
E)It is a good reducing agent.

Question 31

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The class "detergents" does not include soaps.
B)Detergents are cleansing agents.
C)Detergents emulsify oils.
D)Detergents usually mean synthetic products.
E)A soap is a salt of a metal hydroxide and a fatty acid.

Question 32

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The production of limestone is called calcination.
B)Limestone is mostly calcium carbonate.
C)Stalactites are calcium carbonate formed as icicle-like deposits.
D)Stalagmites form from the floor by deposition of calcium carbonate.
E)Carbonic acid is a diprotic acid.

Question 33

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Potassium chloride is used in fertilizers.
B)All alkali metals react alike.
C)Sodium carbonate is called soda ash.
D)Sodium carbonate usually comes from natural sources such as dry lake beds.
E)Sodium carbonate can be made by the Solvay process.

Question 34

Choose the INCORRECT statement about magnesium.

A)Magnesium is valued for its light weight.
B)It has a lower density than any other structural metal.
C)Aircraft parts are made from magnesium alloys.
D)It is a good oxidizing agent.
E)It is often used as a sacrificial anode.

Question 35

Choose the INCORRECT statement about Na₂CO₃.

A)A by-product from the production of Na₂CO₃ is CaCl₂,which has a useful application in some localities.
B)It is an important commercial compound used in the glass,soap and paper industries.
C)It is produced by the Solvay process which utilizes NaCl and CaO as the primary raw materials in a multi-step synthesis.
D)It is mined from large deposits in the western United States.
E)Sodium carbonate can be formed by heating sodium bicarbonate.

Question 36

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Gypsum is CaSO₄ ∙ 2H₂O.
B)Plaster of Paris is calcium sulfate hexahydrate.
C)Quicklime is calcium oxide.
D)Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide.
E)Mortar used in bricklaying is made of slaked lime,sand,and water.

Question 37

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Sodium bicarbonate is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
B)O₂^2- occurs in a peroxide.
C)O₂^- occurs in a superoxide.
D)The hydroxides of alkali metals are amphoteric.
E)Alkali metal hydroxides can be used to make soaps and detergents.

Question 38

The Solvay process involves a reaction of sodium chloride,ammonia and carbon dioxide in aqueous solution.Of the various possible products,the one least soluble in water is:

A)ammonium bicarbonate
B)"baking soda" (NaHCO₃)
C)"sal ammoniac" (NH₄Cl)
D)"table salt" (NaCl)
E)"washing soda" (Na₂CO₃)

Question 39

Finish the following reaction:
Li(s)+ N₂(g)→

A)3 Li(s)+ N₂(g)→ Li₃N₂(s)
B)4 Li(s)+ N₂(g)→ 2 Li₂N(s)
C)2 Li(s)+ N₂(g)→ 2 LiN(s)
D)6 Li(s)+ N₂(g)→ 2 Li₃N(s)
E)There is no reaction.

Question 40

Finish the following reaction:
Li(s)+ O₂(g)→

A)2 Li(s)+ O₂(g)→ Li₂O₂(s)
B)2 Li(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 LiO(s)
C)4 Li(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 Li₂O(s)
D)Li(s)+ O₂(g)→ LiO₂(s)
E)There is no reaction.

Question 41

In the stepwise preparation of pure calcium carbonate from limestone,the step referred to as calcination involves:

A)thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide
B)addition of water to calcium oxide to form calcium hydroxide
C)bubbling carbon dioxide through aqueous calcium hydroxide
D)heating calcium oxide with carbon to form calcium metal
E)melting of calcium oxide

Question 42

Which of the following is an indication that aluminum is a strong reducing agent?

A)2 Al(s)+ 6 H⁺(aq)→ 2 Al³⁺(aq)+ 3 H₂(g)
B)2 Al(s)+ Fe₂O₃(s)→ Al₂O₃(s)+ 2 Fe(l)
C)2 Al(s)+ 3/2 O₂(g)→ Al₂O₃(s)
D)2 Al(s)+ 2 OH^- + 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 [Al(OH)₄]^-(aq)+ 3 H₂(g)
E)All of these reactions indicate Al is a strong reducing agent.

Question 43

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the inert-pair effect.

A)It explains why gallium tends to have the +3 oxidation state but thallium is most often in the +1 state.
B)It can be explained that the bond energies and lattice energies associated with the atoms and ions at the bottom of the groups are not sufficiently large to off-set the ionization energies of the ns² electron.
C)The effect is manifested by ions not losing the outermost pair of electrons.
D)Of the group 14 (4A)metals,only tin exhibits the inert-pair effect.
E)For any group,the inert pair effect is more prominent as the period number increases.

Question 44

Water treatment using a cation-exchange resin in the H⁺ form,followed by an anion-exchange resin in the OH^- form,unlike the processes using typical zeolites or synthetic resins regenerated by sodium chloride,can produce:

A)brine water
B)deionized water
C)distilled water
D)hard water
E)soft water

Question 45

Which of the following is a weak acid?

A)B(OH)₃
B)HI
C)B(OH)₄^-
D)B₂(O₂)₂(OH)₄^2-

Question 46

Which hydroxide is significantly more soluble in 0.10 M NaOH than in pure water?

A)Mg(OH)₂
B)Be(OH)₂
C)NaOH
D)Ca(OH)₂
E)CsOH

Question 47

Which oxidation state is uncommon for a given element?

A)Al/1+
B)Ga/3+
C)Al/3+
D)In/3+
E)In/1+

Question 48

The difference between temporary hard water and permanent hard water is that only the former contains a significant concentration of:

A)Ca²⁺
B)CO₃^2-
C)HCO₃^-
D)Mg²⁺
E)OH^-

Question 49

Which of the following is used as a water softener?

A)lithium carbonate
B)sodium nitrate
C)sodium carbonate
D)potassium chloride
E)hydrochloric acid

Question 50

Which of the following statements describes an uncommon use of an element?

A)Aluminum is used in light-weight alloys.
B)Gallium is used in the thermite reaction.
C)Gallium is used in the electronics industry.
D)Indium is used to make low-melting alloys.
E)A possible use for thallium is in high-temperature superconductors.

Question 51

Which of the following compounds is invoked to demonstrate the inert-pair effect?

A)Al(OH)₃
B)GaAs
C)InAs
D)Tl₂O
E)Al₂O₃

Question 52

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)A dimer is a molecule comprised of two like units.
B)Adduct formation results in an ionic bond.
C)Noncrystalline aluminum oxide is referred to as alumina.
D)Crystalline aluminum oxide is called corundum.
E)H^- can be thought of as a pseudohalide.

Question 53

Which of the following methods are unable to make water soft?

A)add CaO
B)add Na₂CO₃
C)boil
D)pass through ion exchange
E)pass through charcoal

Question 54

Which of the following metal hydroxides has the lowest solubility?

A)NaOH
B)LiOH
C)Mg(OH)₂
D)Ba(OH)₂
E)Sr(OH)₂

Question 55

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Temporary hard water contains the bicarbonate ion.
B)Permanent hard water also contains anions other than bicarbonate.
C)Ion exchange is accomplished by mixing chemicals in the water to precipitate hard water ions.
D)Deionized water is water with ions removed by ion exchange.
E)Boiler scale is a mixed precipitate of CaCO₃,MgCO₃,and rust.

Question 56

In diborane,B₂H₆,the hybridization of each boron is:

A)sp³
B)sp²
C)sp^3d
D)sp
E)sp^3d2

Question 57

In seawater,Mg²⁺ is about 1350 mg Mg²⁺/L.How many grams of magnesium are in a pool that is 25 ft by 12 ft by 6 ft? (1 ft = 12 inches and 1 inch = 2.54 cm)

A)4.78 × 10^{2 g}
B)74.1 g
C)6.88 × 10^{4 g}
D)6.88 × 10^{7 g}
E)1.64 × 10^{3 g}

Question 58

Both gypsum and plaster of Paris contain the same compound,but in different stages of hydration.That compound is:

A)BaSO₄
B)BaCO₃
C)CaSO₄
D)CaCO₃
E)KAl(SO₄)₂

Question 59

Choose the INCORRECT statement about the alkaline earth metals.

A)The heavier Group 2 (2A)metals are nearly as active as the Group 1 (1A)metals.
B)They are the Group 1 (1A)family.
C)Magnesium metal is produced by the Dow process.
D)Salts of Sr and Ba provide vivid colors for pyrotechnic displays.
E)The source of magnesium is seawater and natural brines.

Question 60

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The thermite reaction is: Fe₂O₃(s)+ 2 Al(s)→ Al₂O₃(s)+ 2 Fe(l).
B)Aluminum's chief ore is bauxite.
C)Al₂O₃ is an amphoteric oxide.
D)Cryolite is Na₃AlF₆.
E)Alumina is Al(OH)₃.

Question 61

Tl is different from Al,Ga,and In in that:

A)Tl has a much different electronegativity
B)Tl has a much different first ionization energy
C)Tl commonly forms compounds with +1 oxidation state
D)Tl forms metal hydroxides that are amphoteric
E)Tl commonly forms compounds with +3 oxidation state

Question 62

One of the most important commercial processes for the semiconductor industry in recent years has been the gas phase reaction between arsine and trimethylgallium to form the solid product:

A)trimethylarsine
B)methyl hydride
C)gallium hydride
D)gallium arsenide
E)superconductine

Question 63

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Diborane is B₂H₆.
B)B(OH)₃ boric acid is a monoprotic acid.
C)Being electron deficient makes boron compounds strong Lewis acids.
D)The B-H-B three-center bond has only two electrons.
E)Boron is one of several nonmetals in group 13.

Question 64

Graphite and diamond are:

A)allotropes
B)amorphous substances
C)bivalent
D)elastomers
E)very unstable

Question 65

Choose the molecular shape for BCl₃.

A)trigonal planar
B)tetrahedral
C)bent
D)linear
E)trigonal pyramidal

Question 66

Pick the nonmetal in Group 13 (3A).

A)Al
B)Ga
C)In
D)B
E)Tl

Question 67

Choose the INCORRECT statement about boron.

A)Boron is the only nonmetal in group 13 (3A).
B)Many boron compounds are electron deficient.
C)Borax actually contains no boron.
D)Diborane B₂H₆ has three center-two atom bonds.
E)The best formula for boric acid is B(OH)_3.

Question 68

Choose the INCORRECT statement about carbon.

A)Carbon does not form multiple bonds.
B)There are two very common allotropes: diamond and graphite.
C)There is a strong tendency for catenation.
D)Carbon can be hybridized into sp,sp² and sp³ orbitals.
E)Carbon primarily forms two gaseous oxides: CO and CO₂.

Question 69

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Amphoteric means useful in photography.
B)Tin disease,tin pest,or tin plague is actually just a second form of tin.
C)A solder is a low melting alloy used to join wires or pieces of metal.
D)Roasting an ore is heating that ore in air.
E)Pewter is an alloy made mainly of tin.

Question 70

Write an equation for the roasting of PbS.

A)2 PbS(s)+ 2 O₂(g)→ 2 PbO₂(s)+ S₂(s)
B)2 PbS(s)+ 3 O₂(g)→ 2 PbO(s)+ 2 SO₂(s)
C)8 PbS(s)+ 4 O₂(g)→ 8 PbO(s)+ S₈(s)
D)2 PbS(s)+ O₂(g)→ 2 PbO(s)+ 2 S(s)
E)There is no reaction.

Question 71

Which of the following metals has been used commercially in certain drain cleaners,along with solid sodium hydroxide,for the purpose of generating hydrogen gas by reaction with hydroxide ion after contact with water?

A)Al
B)Ba
C)Cu
D)Fe
E)Ge

Question 72

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)A glass is an amorphous solid.
B)An amorphous solid has order over relatively short distances.
C)A sol is a colloidal dispersion of particles in a liquid.
D)Silicones are materials consisting of molecules with long silicon-oxygen chains.
E)Silicates are silicon-hydrogen containing compounds.

Question 73

For which of the following elements would be wrong to call the oxide "amphoteric"?

A)Tl
B)Al
C)Be
D)Ga

Question 74

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)Elemental silicon is produced by reduction of SiO₂ with coke.
B)In silica each silicon atom is bonded directly to four other silicon atoms.
C)Coke is made by heating coal in the absence of air.
D)Charcoal is made by heating wood in the absence of air.
E)Allotropes of carbon include diamond,graphite,fullerenes and nanotubes.

Question 75

Choose the INCORRECT equation.

A)CaO + 3 C CaC₂ + CO
B)CaC₂ + 2 H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + C₂H₂
C)CH₄ + 4 S → CS₂ + 2 H₂S
D)(CN)₂ + 2 OH^- → 2 HOCN
E)CH₄ + 4 Cl₂ → CCl₄ + 4 HCl

Question 76

In the production of the metal by an electrolysis process,which of the following is the most costly in terms of amount of electricity required per ton of metal produced from its salt?

A)Na
B)Mg
C)Cu
D)Ba
E)Al

Question 77

Which of the following elements forms a +4 oxidation state that is more stable than its +2 oxidation state,and is also found as a significant component of commercial bronze,pewter,red brass,and most solders?

A)zinc
B)tin
C)magnesium
D)lead
E)carbon

Question 78

Choose the INCORRECT statement about carbon.

A)In addition to diamonds and graphite,fullerenes and nanotubes are allotropes.
B)The finely divided soot from an incomplete combustion of natural gas is called carbon black.
C)Coke is the result of heating coal in the absence of air.
D)Charcoal is the result of heating wood in the absence of air.
E)Diamond is an excellent conductor.

Question 79

Choose the INCORRECT statement about silicon.

A)Silicon forms on stable oxide.
B)Silicon exhibits more catenation than carbon.
C)Sand and quartz are SiO₂.
D)The central feature of silicates is the SiO₄^4- tetrahedron.
E)A silicone is a compound with an alternating silicon and oxygen chain as a backbone with carbon containing groups as sidechains.

Question 80

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A)The strong C-C and C-H bonds are very important in organic chemistry.
B)At standard temperature and pressure graphite is more stable than diamond.
C)Graphite changes spontaneously but very slowly to diamond.
D)Pencil lead is a graphite and clay mixture.
E)No harder substance than diamond is known.