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Deck 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
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Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 
Ra.
A)
Fr
B)
Ac
C)
Po
D)
Th
E)
Rn
Ra.A)
FrB)
AcC)
PoD)
ThE)
Rn
Question
Question
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 
Pu.
A)
Pu → 
e + 
Am
B)
Pu → 
He + 
U
C)
Pu → 
e + 
Np
D)
Pu → 
n + 
Pu
E)
Pu → 
e + 
Np
Pu.A)
Pu → e + AmB)
Pu → He + UC)
Pu → e + NpD)
Pu → n + PuE)
Pu → e + Np Question
Question
Question
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 
U.
A)
U → 
n + 
U
B)
U → 
e + 
Np
C)
U → 
He + 
Th
D)
U → 
e + 
Pa
E)
U → 
e + 
Pa
U.A)
U → n + UB)
U → e + NpC)
U → He + ThD)
U → e + PaE)
U → e + Pa Question
Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 
Po.
A)
Rn
B)
Pb
C)
Ra
D)
Hg
E)
At
Po.A)
RnB)
PbC)
RaD)
HgE)
At Question
Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 
Th.
A)
He + 
Th → 
U
B)
n + 
Th → 
Th
C)
Th → 
e + 
Ac
D)
Th → 
He + 
Ra
E)
Th → 
e + 
Pa
Th.A)
He + Th → UB)
n + Th → ThC)
Th → e + AcD)
Th → He + RaE)
Th → e + Pa Question
Question
Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 
Po.
A)
Po
B)
Hg
C)
At
D)
Pb
E)
Rn
Po.A)
PoB)
HgC)
AtD)
PbE)
Rn Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 
Th.
A)
U
B)
Pa
C)
Ra
D)
Ac
E)
Th
Th.A)
UB)
PaC)
RaD)
AcE)
Th Question
Question
Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 
Ra.
A)
Ra + 
He → 
Th
B)
Ra → 
n + 
Ra
C)
Ra → 
e + 
Ac
D)
Ra + 
e → 
Ac
E)
Ra → 
He + 
Rn
Ra.A)
Ra + He → ThB)
Ra → n + RaC)
Ra → e + AcD)
Ra + e → AcE)
Ra → He + Rn Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 
Rn.
A)
Po
B)
Ra
C)
Th
D)
Rn
E)
At
Rn.A)
PoB)
RaC)
ThD)
RnE)
At Question
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of 
Am.
A)
Am → 
He + 
Np
B)
Am → 
He + 
Bk
C)
Am → 
e + 
Cm
D)
Am → 
e + 
Pu
E)
Am → 
n + 
Am
Am.A)
Am → He + NpB)
Am → He + BkC)
Am → e + CmD)
Am → e + PuE)
Am → n + Am Question
Question
Question
Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 
Cl.
A)
Ar
B)
K
C)
S
D)
P
E)
Ar
Cl.A)
ArB)
KC)
SD)
PE)
Ar Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 
Tc.
A)
Ru
B)
Rh
C)
Nb
D)
Mo
E)
Ru
Tc.A)
RuB)
RhC)
NbD)
MoE)
Ru Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 
Pa.
A)
Th
B)
Np
C)
Ac
D)
U
E)
Th
Pa.A)
ThB)
NpC)
AcD)
UE)
Th Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 
P.
A)
P
B)
S
C)
S
D)
Si
E)
Al
P.A)
PB)
SC)
SD)
SiE)
Al Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 
Rb.
A)
Kr
B)
Sr
C)
Br
D)
Y
E)
Kr
Rb.A)
KrB)
SrC)
BrD)
YE)
Kr Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 
C.
A)
N
B)
Be
C)
N
D)
C
E)
B
C.A)
NB)
BeC)
ND)
CE)
B Question
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
Pb → 
e + ?
A)
Bi
B)
Tl
C)
Pb
D)
Pb
E)
Tl
Pb → e + ?A)
BiB)
TlC)
PbD)
PbE)
Tl Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 
O.
A)
C
B)
F
C)
N
D)
N
E)
C
O.A)
CB)
FC)
ND)
NE)
C Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 
C.
A)
B
B)
N
C)
C
D)
B
E)
N
C.A)
BB)
NC)
CD)
BE)
N Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 
F.
A)
Na
B)
F
C)
N
D)
O
E)
Ne
F.A)
NaB)
FC)
ND)
OE)
Ne Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 
Ge.
A)
Ga
B)
As
C)
Zn
D)
As
E)
Ga
Ge.A)
GaB)
AsC)
ZnD)
AsE)
Ga Question
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
Th → 
He + ?
A)
U
B)
Ac
C)
Ac
D)
Ra
E)
Ra
Th → He + ?A)
UB)
AcC)
AcD)
RaE)
Ra Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 
Be.
A)
C
B)
He
C)
B
D)
Li
E)
B
Be.A)
CB)
HeC)
BD)
LiE)
B Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 
Sr.
A)
Sr
B)
Y
C)
Y
D)
Kr
E)
Se
Sr.A)
SrB)
YC)
YD)
KrE)
Se Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of 
N.
A)
O
B)
C
C)
O
D)
B
E)
F
N.A)
OB)
CC)
OD)
BE)
F Question
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? 
Pb → 
e + 
Bi
A)alpha emission
B)gamma emission
C)electron capture
D)neutron bombardment
E)beta emission
Pb → e + BiA)alpha emission
B)gamma emission
C)electron capture
D)neutron bombardment
E)beta emission
Question
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? 
Am → 
He + 
Np
A)beta emission
B)neutron bombardment
C)alpha emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission
Am → He + NpA)beta emission
B)neutron bombardment
C)alpha emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission
Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by 
Fe.
A)
Co
B)
Mn
C)
Co
D)
Mn
E)
Cr
Fe.A)
CoB)
MnC)
CoD)
MnE)
Cr Question
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? 
Cs + 
e → 
Xe
A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)alpha capture
Cs + e → XeA)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)alpha capture
Question
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 
Pb.
A)
Pt
B)
Tl
C)
Hg
D)
Bi
E)
Pb
Pb.A)
PtB)
TlC)
HgD)
BiE)
Pb Question
Question
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
U → 
Sr + ? + 2 
n + 4 
g
A)
Te
B)
Xe
C)
Xe
D)
Te
E)
Sr
U → Sr + ? + 2 n + 4 gA)
TeB)
XeC)
XeD)
TeE)
Sr Question
Identify the nuclide that has the longest half-life.
A)
U
B)
C
C)
Rn
D)
Th
E)
Th
A)
UB)
CC)
RnD)
ThE)
Th Question
Question
Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.
A)
U
B)
C
C)
Rn
D)
Th
E)
Th
A)
UB)
CC)
RnD)
ThE)
Th Question
Question
Question
Question
Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?
A)ln
= - 
B)
= - ln 
C)
= 0.693 × k
D)
= 
E)
= 
A)ln
= - B)
= - ln C)
= 0.693 × kD)
= E)
= Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Question
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
H + 
H ? 
He + ? + 
g
A)
e
B)
n
C)
e
D)
H
E)
H + H ? He + ? + gA)
eB)
nC)
eD)
HE)
Question
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: 
U → ? + 
He + 2 
g
A)
Th
B)
Ra
C)
Pu
D)
Th
E)
Ra
U → ? + He + 2 gA)
ThB)
RaC)
PuD)
ThE)
Ra Question
Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of 
Pu to form 
Kr and 
Ce.
A)2
B)0
C)3
D)1
E)4
Pu to form Kr and Ce.A)2
B)0
C)3
D)1
E)4
Question
Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion. 
H + 
H ? 
He + ______
A)
e
B)
C)
e
D)
H
E)
n
H + H ? He + ______A)
eB)
C)
eD)
HE)
n Question
Question
Question
Question
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? 
H + 
H → 
He + 
n
A)nuclear fusion
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)nuclear fission
E)neutron capture
H + H → He + nA)nuclear fusion
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)nuclear fission
E)neutron capture
Question
Question
Question
Complete the following equation of transmutation. 
N + 
He ? 
O + ______
A)
e
B)
C)
e
D)
H
E)
n
N + He ? O + ______A)
eB)
C)
eD)
HE)
n Question
Question
Determine how many neutrons are produced during the spontaneous fission of 
Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
Question
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? 
U + 
n → 
Ba + 
Kr + 3 
n
A)nuclear fission
B)nuclear fusion
C)electron capture
D)alpha decay
E)beta emission
U + n → Ba + Kr + 3 nA)nuclear fission
B)nuclear fusion
C)electron capture
D)alpha decay
E)beta emission
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Deck 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
1
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of Ra.
A) Fr
B) Ac
C) Po
D) Th
E) Rn
Ra.A)
FrB)
AcC)
PoD)
ThE)
Rn Rn 2
Which particle has the lowest penetrating power?
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture
alpha particle
3
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Pu.
A) Pu → e + Am
B) Pu → He + U
C) Pu → e + Np
D) Pu → n + Pu
E) Pu → e + Np
Pu.A)
Pu → e + AmB)
Pu → He + UC)
Pu → e + NpD)
Pu → n + PuE)
Pu → e + Np Pu → He + U 4
Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during beta decay.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
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5
Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during gamma ray emission.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
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6
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of U.
A) U → n + U
B) U → e + Np
C) U → He + Th
D) U → e + Pa
E) U → e + Pa
U.A)
U → n + UB)
U → e + NpC)
U → He + ThD)
U → e + PaE)
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7
Which radiation has the highest penetrating power?
A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture
A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture
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8
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of Po.
A) Rn
B) Pb
C) Ra
D) Hg
E) At
Po.A)
RnB)
PbC)
RaD)
HgE)
At Unlock Deck
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9
Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Th.
A) He + Th → U
B) n + Th → Th
C) Th → e + Ac
D) Th → He + Ra
E) Th → e + Pa
Th.A)
He + Th → UB)
n + Th → ThC)
Th → e + AcD)
Th → He + RaE)
Th → e + Pa Unlock Deck
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10
Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during electron capture.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
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11
Identify the radioactive green light that glows in the dark.
A)phenolphthalein
B)radioactivity
C)phosphorescence
D)desensitivity
E)neon
A)phenolphthalein
B)radioactivity
C)phosphorescence
D)desensitivity
E)neon
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12
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of Po.
A) Po
B) Hg
C) At
D) Pb
E) Rn
Po.A)
PoB)
HgC)
AtD)
PbE)
Rn Unlock Deck
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13
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of Th.
A) U
B) Pa
C) Ra
D) Ac
E) Th
Th.A)
UB)
PaC)
RaD)
AcE)
Th Unlock Deck
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14
Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during positron emission.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
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15
Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Ra.
A) Ra + He → Th
B) Ra → n + Ra
C) Ra → e + Ac
D) Ra + e → Ac
E) Ra → He + Rn
Ra.A)
Ra + He → ThB)
Ra → n + RaC)
Ra → e + AcD)
Ra + e → AcE)
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16
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of Rn.
A) Po
B) Ra
C) Th
D) Rn
E) At
Rn.A)
PoB)
RaC)
ThD)
RnE)
At Unlock Deck
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17
Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Am.
A) Am → He + Np
B) Am → He + Bk
C) Am → e + Cm
D) Am → e + Pu
E) Am → n + Am
Am.A)
Am → He + NpB)
Am → He + BkC)
Am → e + CmD)
Am → e + PuE)
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18
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Positrons are similar in ionizing power and penetrating power to alpha particles.
B)A positron is the antiparticle of the protons.
C)Alpha particles are the heaviest particles of radioactive decay and as such have the highest penetrating power.
D)An alpha particle is a helium 2+ ion.
E)A simultaneous emission of alpha and beta rays is called gamma radiation.
A)Positrons are similar in ionizing power and penetrating power to alpha particles.
B)A positron is the antiparticle of the protons.
C)Alpha particles are the heaviest particles of radioactive decay and as such have the highest penetrating power.
D)An alpha particle is a helium 2+ ion.
E)A simultaneous emission of alpha and beta rays is called gamma radiation.
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19
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
B)Alpha radiation has the highest penetrating power of any radioactivity.
C)Beta emitters will do more damage than alpha emitters within the body.
D)Beta radiation has the highest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
E)Gamma radiation has the lowest penetrating power.
A)Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
B)Alpha radiation has the highest penetrating power of any radioactivity.
C)Beta emitters will do more damage than alpha emitters within the body.
D)Beta radiation has the highest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
E)Gamma radiation has the lowest penetrating power.
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20
Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.
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21
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Cl.
A) Ar
B) K
C) S
D) P
E) Ar
Cl.A)
ArB)
KC)
SD)
PE)
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22
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of Tc.
A) Ru
B) Rh
C) Nb
D) Mo
E) Ru
Tc.A)
RuB)
RhC)
NbD)
MoE)
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23
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Pa.
A) Th
B) Np
C) Ac
D) U
E) Th
Pa.A)
ThB)
NpC)
AcD)
UE)
Th Unlock Deck
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24
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of P.
A) P
B) S
C) S
D) Si
E) Al
P.A)
PB)
SC)
SD)
SiE)
Al Unlock Deck
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25
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Rb.
A) Kr
B) Sr
C) Br
D) Y
E) Kr
Rb.A)
KrB)
SrC)
BrD)
YE)
Kr Unlock Deck
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26
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of C.
A) N
B) Be
C) N
D) C
E) B
C.A)
NB)
BeC)
ND)
CE)
B Unlock Deck
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27
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: Pb → e + ?
A) Bi
B) Tl
C) Pb
D) Pb
E) Tl
Pb → e + ?A)
BiB)
TlC)
PbD)
PbE)
Tl Unlock Deck
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28
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of O.
A) C
B) F
C) N
D) N
E) C
O.A)
CB)
FC)
ND)
NE)
C Unlock Deck
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29
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of C.
A) B
B) N
C) C
D) B
E) N
C.A)
BB)
NC)
CD)
BE)
N Unlock Deck
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30
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of F.
A) Na
B) F
C) N
D) O
E) Ne
F.A)
NaB)
FC)
ND)
OE)
Ne Unlock Deck
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31
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of Ge.
A) Ga
B) As
C) Zn
D) As
E) Ga
Ge.A)
GaB)
AsC)
ZnD)
AsE)
Ga Unlock Deck
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32
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: Th → He + ?
A) U
B) Ac
C) Ac
D) Ra
E) Ra
Th → He + ?A)
UB)
AcC)
AcD)
RaE)
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33
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Be.
A) C
B) He
C) B
D) Li
E) B
Be.A)
CB)
HeC)
BD)
LiE)
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34
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of Sr.
A) Sr
B) Y
C) Y
D) Kr
E) Se
Sr.A)
SrB)
YC)
YD)
KrE)
Se Unlock Deck
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35
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of N.
A) O
B) C
C) O
D) B
E) F
N.A)
OB)
CC)
OD)
BE)
F Unlock Deck
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36
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? Pb → e + Bi
A)alpha emission
B)gamma emission
C)electron capture
D)neutron bombardment
E)beta emission
Pb → e + BiA)alpha emission
B)gamma emission
C)electron capture
D)neutron bombardment
E)beta emission
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37
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? Am → He + Np
A)beta emission
B)neutron bombardment
C)alpha emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission
Am → He + NpA)beta emission
B)neutron bombardment
C)alpha emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission
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38
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by Fe.
A) Co
B) Mn
C) Co
D) Mn
E) Cr
Fe.A)
CoB)
MnC)
CoD)
MnE)
Cr Unlock Deck
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39
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? Cs + e → Xe
A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)alpha capture
Cs + e → XeA)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)alpha capture
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40
Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of Pb.
A) Pt
B) Tl
C) Hg
D) Bi
E) Pb
Pb.A)
PtB)
TlC)
HgD)
BiE)
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41
Give the maximum age that can be estimated from radiocarbon dating.
A)100 000 years
B)1 000 000 years
C)50 000 years
D)5000 years
E)10 000 years
A)100 000 years
B)1 000 000 years
C)50 000 years
D)5000 years
E)10 000 years
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42
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: U → Sr + ? + 2 n + 4 g
A) Te
B) Xe
C) Xe
D) Te
E) Sr
U → Sr + ? + 2 n + 4 gA)
TeB)
XeC)
XeD)
TeE)
Sr Unlock Deck
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43
Identify the nuclide that has the longest half-life.
A) U
B) C
C) Rn
D) Th
E) Th
A)
UB)
CC)
RnD)
ThE)
Th Unlock Deck
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44
Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.
A)60
B)100
C)83
D)160
E)40
A)60
B)100
C)83
D)160
E)40
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45
Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.
A) U
B) C
C) Rn
D) Th
E) Th
A)
UB)
CC)
RnD)
ThE)
Th Unlock Deck
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46
Stable isotopes with low atomic numbers have an N/Z ratio of 1. What does that imply?
A)The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.
B)The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons plus protons.
C)The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
D)The atomic number equals the atomic mass.
E)The number of protons equals the number of electrons plus neutrons.
A)The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.
B)The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons plus protons.
C)The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
D)The atomic number equals the atomic mass.
E)The number of protons equals the number of electrons plus neutrons.
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47
The radioactive decay of ________ is the single greatest source of human exposure to radiation.
A)radon
B)uranium
C)ozone
D)carbon
E)thorium
A)radon
B)uranium
C)ozone
D)carbon
E)thorium
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48
Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission?
A)Cs-137
B)I-131
C)Al-24
D)K-42
E)N-14
A)Cs-137
B)I-131
C)Al-24
D)K-42
E)N-14
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49
Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?
A)ln = -
B) = - ln
C) = 0.693 × k
D) =
E) =
A)ln
= - B)
= - ln C)
= 0.693 × kD)
= E)
= Unlock Deck
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50
Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?
A)gamma emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)neutron emission
E)neutron bombardment
A)gamma emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)neutron emission
E)neutron bombardment
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51
Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?
A)20
B)92
C)83
D)40
E)89
A)20
B)92
C)83
D)40
E)89
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52
Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?
A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)neutron bombardment
A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)neutron bombardment
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53
Identify the instrument used to detect radiation.
A)cathode ray tube
B)Geiger counter
C)oscillation counter
D)X-ray tube
E)nuclear magnetic resonance instruments
A)cathode ray tube
B)Geiger counter
C)oscillation counter
D)X-ray tube
E)nuclear magnetic resonance instruments
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54
Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission?
A)Na-26
B)I-121
C)Ca-42
D)S-30
E)Sb-122
A)Na-26
B)I-121
C)Ca-42
D)S-30
E)Sb-122
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55
Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?
A)I-131
B)Ar-40
C)F-18
D)Zr-90
E)Pb-206
A)I-131
B)Ar-40
C)F-18
D)Zr-90
E)Pb-206
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56
Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?
A)I-126
B)Al-24
C)N-13
D)Cs-137
E)Na-20
A)I-126
B)Al-24
C)N-13
D)Cs-137
E)Na-20
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57
Find a correct technique used in radiometric dating.
A)uranium-238 to bismuth-206
B)potassium-40 to argon-40
C)carbon-14 to nitrogen-11
D)lead-206 to uranium-238
E)calcium-41 to argon-42
A)uranium-238 to bismuth-206
B)potassium-40 to argon-40
C)carbon-14 to nitrogen-11
D)lead-206 to uranium-238
E)calcium-41 to argon-42
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58
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A)If the N/Z ratio is too high, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will convert a neutron to a proton via beta decay.
B)If the N/Z ratio lies somewhere below 1, the nuclide is stable.
C)If the N/Z ratio is too low, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will undergo beta decay.
D)The valley of stability is the geographic location where many of the known nuclides were first discovered.
E)All stable nuclei have an N/Z ratio equal to 1.
A)If the N/Z ratio is too high, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will convert a neutron to a proton via beta decay.
B)If the N/Z ratio lies somewhere below 1, the nuclide is stable.
C)If the N/Z ratio is too low, there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will undergo beta decay.
D)The valley of stability is the geographic location where many of the known nuclides were first discovered.
E)All stable nuclei have an N/Z ratio equal to 1.
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59
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: H + H ? He + ? + g
A) e
B) n
C) e
D) H
E)
H + H ? He + ? + gA)
eB)
nC)
eD)
HE)
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60
Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: U → ? + He + 2 g
A) Th
B) Ra
C) Pu
D) Th
E) Ra
U → ? + He + 2 gA)
ThB)
RaC)
PuD)
ThE)
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61
Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of Pu to form Kr and Ce.
A)2
B)0
C)3
D)1
E)4
Pu to form Kr and Ce.A)2
B)0
C)3
D)1
E)4
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62
Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion. H + H ? He + ______
A) e
B)
C) e
D) H
E) n
H + H ? He + ______A)
eB)
C)
eD)
HE)
n Unlock Deck
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63
Determine the binding energy per nucleon of a Mg-24 nucleus. The Mg-24 nucleus has a mass of 24.30506. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu, and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.
A)0.3050 MeV
B)8.83 MeV
C)0.113 MeV
D)106 MeV
E)4.41 MeV
A)0.3050 MeV
B)8.83 MeV
C)0.113 MeV
D)106 MeV
E)4.41 MeV
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64
Determine the binding energy of an O-16 nucleus. The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905 amu. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu, and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.
A)8.84 MeV
B)128 MeV
C)138 MeV
D)78.1 MeV
E)38.2 MeV
A)8.84 MeV
B)128 MeV
C)138 MeV
D)78.1 MeV
E)38.2 MeV
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65
The nuclide As-76 has a half-life of 26.0 hours. If a sample of As-76 weighs 344 g, what mass of As-76 remains after 538 minutes?
A)67.8 g
B)271 g
C)144 g
D)437 g
E)251 g
A)67.8 g
B)271 g
C)144 g
D)437 g
E)251 g
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66
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? H + H → He + n
A)nuclear fusion
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)nuclear fission
E)neutron capture
H + H → He + nA)nuclear fusion
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)nuclear fission
E)neutron capture
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67
The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating. If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants, how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.
A)2.92 × 104 years
B)1.94 × 104 years
C)8.92 × 103 years
D)5.31 × 103 years
E)1.74 × 102 years
A)2.92 × 104 years
B)1.94 × 104 years
C)8.92 × 103 years
D)5.31 × 103 years
E)1.74 × 102 years
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68
Write a nuclear equation to describe the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-134 and Sr-100. Determine how many neutrons are produced in the reaction.
A)4
B)3
C)1
D)0
E)2
A)4
B)3
C)1
D)0
E)2
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69
Complete the following equation of transmutation. N + He ? O + ______
A) e
B)
C) e
D) H
E) n
N + He ? O + ______A)
eB)
C)
eD)
HE)
n Unlock Deck
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70
Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 amu. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.
A)0.528 amu
B)3.507 amu
C)0.564 amu
D)1.056 amu
E)0.079 amu
A)0.528 amu
B)3.507 amu
C)0.564 amu
D)1.056 amu
E)0.079 amu
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71
Determine how many neutrons are produced during the spontaneous fission of Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4
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72
The following reaction represents what nuclear process? U + n → Ba + Kr + 3 n
A)nuclear fission
B)nuclear fusion
C)electron capture
D)alpha decay
E)beta emission
U + n → Ba + Kr + 3 nA)nuclear fission
B)nuclear fusion
C)electron capture
D)alpha decay
E)beta emission
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73
The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei is called ________.
A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life
A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life
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74
Fluorine-18 undergoes positron emission with a half-life of 1.10 × 102 minutes. If a patient is given a 248 mg dose for a PET scan, how long will it take for the amount of fluorine-18 to drop to 83 mg? (Assume that none of the fluorine is excreted from the body.)
A)99 minutes
B)1.7 × 102 minutes
C)1.3 × 102 minutes
D)3.0 × 102 minutes
E)2.1 × 102 minutes
A)99 minutes
B)1.7 × 102 minutes
C)1.3 × 102 minutes
D)3.0 × 102 minutes
E)2.1 × 102 minutes
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75
Calculate the mass defect in Ni-59 if the mass of a Ni-59 nucleus is 58.69344 amu. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.
A)0.23212 amu
B)0.77902 amu
C)0.23041 amu
D)0.77589 amu
E)0.22198 amu
A)0.23212 amu
B)0.77902 amu
C)0.23041 amu
D)0.77589 amu
E)0.22198 amu
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76
The splitting of the uranium atom is called ________.
A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life
A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life
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77
Determine the half-life of a nuclide that loses 38.0% of its mass in 387 hours.
A)277 hours
B)455 hour
C)561 hours
D)639 hours
E)748 hours
A)277 hours
B)455 hour
C)561 hours
D)639 hours
E)748 hours
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78
Calculate the mass defect in Mo-96 if the mass of a Mo-96 nucleus is 95.962 amu. The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.
A)0.197 amu
B)0.795 amu
C)0.212 amu
D)0.812 amu
E)0.188 amu
A)0.197 amu
B)0.795 amu
C)0.212 amu
D)0.812 amu
E)0.188 amu
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79
Determine the binding energy of a F-19 nucleus. The F-19 nucleus has a mass of 18.99840325 amu. A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu, a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu, and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.
A)142 MeV
B)796 MeV
C)1080 MeV
D)143 MeV
E)145 MeV
A)142 MeV
B)796 MeV
C)1080 MeV
D)143 MeV
E)145 MeV
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80
A geological sample is found to have a Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio of 0.337/1.00. Assuming there was no Pb-206 present when the sample was formed, how old is it? The half-life of U-238 is 4.5 × 109 years.
A)7.3 × 1011 years
B)1.4 × 1010 years
C)2.4 × 1010 years
D)2.1 × 109 years
E)7.1 × 109 years
A)7.3 × 1011 years
B)1.4 × 1010 years
C)2.4 × 1010 years
D)2.1 × 109 years
E)7.1 × 109 years
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