Deck 20: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

You would be diagnosed with true hypertension if your systolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or your diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to

A) 90 mmHg.
B) 120 mmHg.
C) 140 mmHg.
D) 160 mmHg.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the DASH diet is TRUE?

A) It was developed by Richard H. Dash, M.D.
B) It is high in potassium, calcium, magnesium, and fiber.
C) It includes 2-3 servings of fruits and 2-3 servings of vegetables each day.
D) About one-third of the people who follow the DASH diet experience a modest reduction in blood pressure.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

High blood levels of HDL-cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What lifestyle changes can you take to improve your blood lipid profile?

A) maintain your intake of saturated fat below 7-10% of total energy
B) eat most of your day's energy intake in the evening
C) maintain a lower-than-normal body weight
D) decrease your amount of physical activity

Question 5

A nonspecific marker of inflammation associated with cardiovascular disease is

A) C-reactive protein (CRP).
B) LDL-cholesterol.
C) hypertension.
D) HDL-cholesterol.

Question 6

High potassium intake increases the risk for hypertension.

Question 7

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

A) age
B) gender
C) being overweight
D) family history

Question 8

Drugs called statins treat cardiovascular disease by

A) increasing the reabsorption of bile in the GI tract.
B) decreasing the kidneys' excretion of water an sodium.
C) constricting blood vessel walls to reduce the work of the heart.
D) blocking an enzyme needed for cholesterol synthesis.

Question 9

At her recent routine physical,Barbara was diagnosed with hypertension.Which of the following lifestyle changes would help Barbara lower her blood pressure?

A) switching to the DASH diet
B) reducing fiber intake
C) reducing stress by drinking beer or wine at most meals
D) consuming at least 4,000 mg of sodium each day

Question 10

Primary or essential hypertension,accounting for approximately 45-55% of people,is hereditary.

Question 11

An optimal systolic blood pressure reading would be less than

A) 60 mmHg.
B) 80 mmHg.
C) 120 mmHg.
D) 200 mmHg.

Question 12

A desirable total blood cholesterol level,associated with a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease,is less than

A) 40 mg/dL.
B) 100 mg/dL.
C) 200 mg/dL.
D) 300 mg/dL.

Question 13

The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a reduction in dietary sodium intake to how many mg per day?

A) less than 1,500
B) less than 2,300
C) less than 3,300
D) less than 3,600

Question 14

Hypertension is often a sign of underlying atherosclerosis.

Question 15

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels account for about what percentage of deaths in the United States?

A) nearly 10%
B) nearly 20%
C) nearly 30%
D) nearly 40%

Question 16

Blood triglyceride levels are decreased by

A) regular exercise.
B) a diet high in added sugars.
C) regular blood pressure screening.
D) a high-cholesterol diet.

Question 17

Which of the following recommendations has been shown to improve blood lipid levels and reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease?

A) maintaining fat intake to within 20-35% of total energy
B) increasing saturated fat to at least 10% of total energy
C) decreasing intake of dietary omega-3 fatty acids from cold-water fish, nuts, and canola oil
D) consuming the UL for vitamin B₆, B₁₂, and folate from supplements

Question 18

Brad has recently increased his weekly intake of omega-3 fatty acids.Over time,which of the following effects would he likely NOT experience?

A) reduction in inflammation
B) increase in HDLs
C) increase in risk for cardiovascular disease
D) reduction in blood triglycerides

Question 19

High blood levels of LDL-cholesterol increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 20

Which of the following sequences BEST summarizes the gradual development of atherosclerosis?

A) excess dietary cholesterol, plaque accumulation, blood vessel inflammation, blood glucose increase, immune response, cardiac shock
B) plaque ruptures blood vessels, immune response, inflammation, cholesterol accumulation, vessels narrow and harden, plaque repairs damage
C) blood vessel inflammation, restricted blood flow causes heart attack that damages coronary arteries, tissue damage ensues, immune response, lipids accumulate, plaque forms
D) artery lining is injured, inflammation, blood lipids seep beneath lining, immune cells engulf the lipids and become foam cells, fatty streaks form, plaque accumulates, blood flow is diminished to tissues "downstream" of area

Question 21

Minimizing your intake of unsaturated fatty acids as much as possible will lower your risk of heart disease.

Question 22

Chylomicrons are often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol.

Question 23

Heavy alcohol consumption can actually reduce hypertension.

Question 24

High-density lipoproteins circulate in the bloodstream,picking up cholesterol from arterial plaques and dying cells and dropping it off at the liver for recycling.

Question 25

One out of every ten deaths from coronary heart disease is due to smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.

Question 26

High-density lipoproteins contain a higher percentage of protein than do low-density lipoproteins.

Question 27

Fatty streaks in blood vessels indicate the presence of atherosclerosis.

Question 28

Obesity increases the risk for inflammation,and inflammation increases the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 29

Plaque minimizes the accumulation of cholesterol at the sites of damaged blood vessels.

Question 30

Josiah was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes,which means that he is now also at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease.