Deck 9: Cognition and Perception

Question 1

Holistic thinking involves

A) understanding an object in terms of its attributes.
B) perceiving objects as separate from their contexts.
C) focusing on the connections between objects and their surroundings.
D) applying abstract rules or principles to understand the world.
E) identifying the different parts of an object.

Answer 1

focusing on the connections between objects and their surroundings.

Question 2

You are volunteering at a hospital that provides art therapy to children.You are working with Miles, a child from South Korea, who draws a picture depicting his family members playing outside in front of their home.Given what you know about cultural differences in attention and artistic preferences, you expect that Mile's picture will

A) have a lower horizon, such that Miles colors green grass along the bottom edge of the paper.
B) use a wide variety of colors, especially when depicting the clothing people are wearing.
C) have more objects in the background, such as fences, roads, or other houses.
D) include several natural features, like trees, mountains, and ponds.
E) depict his family as disproportionately large figures compared to other objects in the scene, such as the house.

Answer 2

have more objects in the background, such as fences, roads, or other houses.

Question 3

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the historical underpinnings of analytic and holistic thinking?

A) Philosophical traditions in Greece emphasized that people are disconnected from their physical and social environments and thus encouraged a more analytic way of thinking about the world.
B) Confucius argued that the world is a collection of distinct people, places, and things, a perspective on the world that encouraged a more holistic way of thinking.
C) Plato and Aristotle perceived objects as possessing specific properties that defined them and their actions, a perspective that encouraged a more analytic way of thinking.
D) Analytic thinking is common in the West today because 2,000 years ago the Greeks had a less developed philosophical tradition than the Chinese.
E) Holistic thinking is common in the East today because 2,000 years ago, the Chinese had a less developed scientific tradition than the Greeks.

Answer 3

Plato and Aristotle perceived objects as possessing specific properties that defined them and their actions, a perspective that encouraged a more analytic way of thinking.

Question 4

Maria perceives the world around her as an integrated whole.This suggests that Maria is a(n) ________, who would also attend to ________.

A) analytic thinker; central figures in a scene
B) analytic thinker; how central figures relate to the background of a scene
C) holistic thinker; central figures in a scene
D) holistic thinker; how central figures relate to the background of a scene
E) attentional thinker; how central figures relate to the background of a scene

Question 5

Considering analytic and holistic thinkers, which one does not belong: a human, a giraffe, or a car?

A) analytic thinker: human; holistic thinker: car
B) analytic thinker: giraffe; holistic thinker: human
C) analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: giraffe
D) analytic thinker: car; holistic thinker: car
E) analytic thinker: giraffe; holistic thinker: giraffe

Question 6

Which of the following statements reflects a dispositional attribution?

A) "She did what she felt was right."
B) "Her behavior was beyond her control."
C) "She did what her boss requested of her."
D) "She went along with the crowd."
E) "She didn't have a choice in the matter."

Question 7

Contrasting the attributions made by Indians and Americans in research by Joan Miller reveals all of the following EXCEPT that

A) Indians become increasingly likely to make situational attributions as they age.
B) cultural differences in attributions are evident in young children as well as in adults.
C) Indian adults show evidence for a reverse fundamental attribution error.
D) Americans do not become increasingly likely to make situational attributions as they age.
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 8

Last week you went on a date with someone you met through a mutual friend.At the end of the date, you both agreed that you would like to meet again.However, your date has not responded to any of your text messages.You think that your date is merely busy with work, but your roommate thinks your date is too scared to explicitly tell you they are no longer interested in dating you.Which of the following best describes your response to the situation?

A) You are thinking your date in a dialectical way.
B) You are thinking about your date in an analytic way.
C) You are thinking about your date in a holistic way.
D) You are making a dispositional attribution.
E) You are making a situational attribution.

Question 9

During a professional ice hockey game, fans from around the world saw Tony Bertram, a professional hockey player, punch an unsuspecting player in the face and throw him onto the ice.According to analytic versus holistic thinking styles, which of the following do you think is most likely to happen?

A) Both East Asians and Westerners will blame Tony's family problems.
B) East Asians will blame Tony's family problems and Westerners will blame Tony's nasty personality.
C) East Asians will blame Tony's nasty personality and Westerners will blame Tony's family problems.
D) Both East Asians and Westerners will blame Tony's nasty personality.
E) East Asians will blame Tony's family problems, and Westerners will blame Tony's teammates.

Question 10

Whereas analytic thinking is related to ________, holistic thinking is related to ________.

A) thematic categorization; taxonomic categorization
B) independent self-views; interdependent self-views
C) collectivistic worldviews; individualistic worldviews
D) situational attributions; dispositional attributions
E) field dependence; field independence.

Question 11

Imagine viewing an image of a fish tank containing two red fish, a zebra-striped fish, and pink rocks and sand on the floor of the tank.You view and study this image for 2 minutes before it is removed.Which of the following statements is most true of you if you are field dependent?

A) If shown an image of the zebra-striped fish in a different underwater scene, you will have difficulty recognizing the fish.
B) If shown an image of the zebra-striped fish in the same underwater scene, you will have difficulty recognizing the fish.
C) If shown an image of the zebra-striped fish without any background underwater scene, you will have difficulty recognizing the fish.
D) If asked to recall the image later in the day, you will have difficulty remembering the color of the rocks and sand.
E) If asked to recall the image later in the day, the first information you will recall will be the colors of the fish.

Question 12

Which of the following people is most likely to show a field-independent attentional style?

A) Alex, who is a very extraverted person
B) Amy, a farmer that shares her farmland with two other families in her community
C) Aisha, who has lived her entire life in a hunter-gatherer society
D) Allan, who is training to be a rabbi in the Jewish religion
E) Akira, who was born and raised in Japan

Question 13

Two computer science majors, Janet, who is from the United States, and Lan, who is from China, are each creating a website for their final project.Given what you know about how culture influences the presentation of complex information, which of the following outcomes would you be most likely to expect regarding this website?

A) Janet's website will include fewer advertisements than Lan's website.
B) Janet's website will include more links than Lan's website.
C) Janet's website will include less written text than Lan's website.
D) Janet's website will include fewer images than Lan's website.
E) The text on Janet's website will be larger than the text on Lan's website.

Question 14

A person participates in a study that uses the rod-and-frame test to assess attentional style.Which of the following results is most likely to occur for a person with a field dependent attentional style?

A) They erroneously state that the rod is pointing straight when the frame is rotated slightly.
B) They erroneously state that the rod is pointing straight when the frame is also straight.
C) They accurately state that the rod is pointing straight when the frame is rotated significantly.
D) They accurately state that the rod is pointing straight when the frame is rotated slightly.
E) They accurately state that the rod is pointing straight when the frame is also straight.

Question 15

Analytic and holistic thinking differ in that analytic thinking involves ________ and holistic thinking involves ________.

A) focusing on the whole context; focusing on the specific objects in a context
B) focusing on people in a context; focusing on nonhuman objects in a context
C) understanding objects in terms of their component parts; understanding objects in terms of their important features
D) thinking about the relationships among objects; thinking about the relationships between objects and their contexts
E) gaining knowledge by applying fixed, abstract concepts; gaining knowledge through experience

Question 16

Sheila is an elementary school art teacher.Sheila is looking through her students' paintings to determine which paintings to display on the wall for the upcoming holiday party.If Sheila has a field-independent attentional style, as opposed to a field-dependent attentional style, she will

A) be more likely to notice that many of her students painted pictures of beaches and sandcastles.
B) be more likely to notice that students who painted a house also painted a tree in the same picture.
C) spend more time studying the background of the paintings.
D) focus her attention on whether a painting includes specific objects, such as cats and dogs.
E) shift her gaze a great deal between different features of the painting and the background.

Question 17

Megan's baby is crying and she is trying to understand why.Megan would be making the fundamental attribution error if she were to conclude that her baby

A) has a cranky temperament.
B) has a cranky temperament while disregarding the fact that the baby has a soiled diaper.
C) has a cranky temperament while disregarding the fact that that the baby may have inherited that cranky temperament from her.
D) has an easygoing temperament.
E) has an easygoing temperament but that the baby is temporarily uncomfortable because of a soiled diaper.

Question 18

An American student, Ronald, and his friend from China, Rui, are looking up at the clear blue sky, where just a few clouds are visible.Coincidentally, the clouds are all grouped into one cluster just above Ronald and Rui.The two start naming shapes that they see in the clouds.According to cultural differences in attentional style, which of the following is most likely to happen in this scenario?

A) Rui will give more responses that are diagnostic of psychological disorders than Ronald.
B) Rui will give more visual descriptions than Ronald, who will give fewer descriptions in general.
C) Rui will give answers that are based more on the cluster of clouds than Ronald, who will base his answers more on a single cloud.
D) Rui will give more creative answers than Ronald, who will give more mundane answers.
E) Rui will give more colorful descriptions than Ronald, whose descriptions will be more black-and-white.

Question 19

A Chinese art critic, Weiwei, and his American counterpart, William, are both looking at a painting of a group of adults standing behind a child in the middle foreground.If you were to compare the eye gazes of Weiwei and William, what would you find?

A) Their gazes initially start out in different places on the painting but become more similar over time attending to the people.
B) William shifts his attention around more than Weiwei.
C) Weiwei and William describe the painting differently but they are actually looking at the people quite similarly.
D) William spends more time gazing at the child than does Weiwei.
E) The people standing in the background appear blurrier to William than they do to Weiwei.

Question 20

Michael writes for the school newspaper.His editor often assigns him topics to write about and specifies what position Michael should take on the topic.Michael's girlfriend, Brittany, knows this but still criticizes Michael after reading an article in which he advocates raising student tuition.Michael claims that Brittany is committing the fundamental attribution error, which means that she did which of the following?

A) Brittany assumed that Michael was not really in favor of the tuition increase and agreed that Michael only wrote the article because the editor asked him to write it.
B) Brittany thought that Michael was behaving in a contradictory way by writing a pro-tuition increase article while believing the opposite.
C) Brittany thought that Michael's perspective on tuition increases depended on the perspectives of people around him.
D) Brittany ignored the fact that Michael was asked by the editor to write the article and asserted that Michael wrote it only because he is personally in favor of tuition increase.
E) Brittany thought that Michael's perspective on tuition increases was due to both situational and dispositional attributions, in equal amounts.

Question 21

Which of the following examples most accurately portrays research on cultural differences in communication style?

A) Hamada and Matsumoto, who are both Japanese, communicate with each other only by complimenting each other and do not criticize each other.
B) Endo, who is Japanese, cannot reach his friend Tanaka because Tanaka's cell phone is off, but Endo has great difficulty leaving messages on Tanaka's voice mail.
C) Yamazaki, who is Japanese, much prefers to communicate with his friends by writing, more so than his American friend Claudia.
D) Eric, who is American, is more likely to speak in an indirect, roundabout way with his friends than is Itao, who is Japanese.
E) Tetsuya, who is Japanese, focuses more on the meaning of a speaker's words, whereas his American friend Mike focuses more on the speaker's tone of voice.

Question 22

Carry made a friend named Martina while in college.Martina's boyfriend likes to go to bars to drink and makes Martina go there with him.Carry knows that Martina's boyfriend makes her go to the bars but still thinks Martina goes because she likes to.The term that best describes Carry's thoughts is

A) situational attributions.
B) naïve dialecticism.
C) dispositional attributions.
D) articulatory suppression.
E) fundamental attribution error.

Question 23

Ayumi is a Japanese student and Alice is a European Canadian student.They are both participating in a study in which they are asked to provide some self-descriptions.Given what you know about cultural influences on tolerating contradictions, which of the following is the likeliest outcome of this study?

A) Ayumi is likelier than Alice to say that she is an introverted person across different situations.
B) Ayumi is likelier than Alice to say that she is both considerate and selfish.
C) Ayumi is likelier than Alice to focus on her individual characteristics, such as intelligence.
D) Ayumi is likelier than Alice to be optimistic over the long term.
E) Ayumi is likelier than Alice to reference her physiological states.

Question 24

Your roommate is from a high-context culture.As a result, which of the following is most likely to be an exchange between the two of you?

A) You ask your roommate if you can use her hairdryer.She does not want you to, but she says, "I guess so," with a very subtle disapproving expression.
B) Your roommate asks you if she can use your yoga mat, and you reply, "I will think about it," because you are unsure.
C) Your roommate does not want you to practice dancing in the living room, so she leaves you a note on your door to let you know.
D) You ask your roommate why she seems upset with you, and she responds by telling you exactly what she is thinking, providing the whole context so you can understand.
E) Your roommate does not plan on coming home for dinner and calls ahead of time to tell you.

Question 25

Color terms from different cultures around the world

A) vary in arbitrary ways.
B) are pretty much the same everywhere, with the exception of colors in the blue-green spectrum.
C) vary in that some cultures only have color words for red and green, whereas other cultures only have color words for blue and yellow.
D) all correspond to a small number of different possible sets of terms.
E) do not consistently contain a word for "black."

Question 26

Which of the following statements is consistent with findings from research studies examining cultural influences on talking and thinking?

A) Miko, a mother from Japan, speaks to her infant daughter less than does Mabel, a mother from the United States.
B) Rushi, who is from China, finds that he can recognize people more easily when he verbally describes their faces when they first meet.
C) Fengmian, a Chinese college student, will perform an academic task better if he can express his thoughts as he completes it, as opposed to staying silent.
D) Jane, an American college student, will perform an academic task better if she can express her thoughts as she completes it, as opposed to staying silent.
E) Fen, a Chinese infant, vocalizes more than Marcus, a European Canadian infant, when the two are playing with stuffed animals at their daycare center.

Question 27

Maris is preparing to apply to graduate programs this December, and she has asked two of her professors to give her advice on her personal statement.Professor Markus said, "You talk too much about your personal life in your statement," whereas Professor Sedikides said, "You should talk more about your personal life in your statement." As a dialectic thinker born and raised in China, how do you think Maris will respond to this contradictory feedback?

A) Maris will respond negatively and experience a lot of anxiety and distress.
B) Maris will respond negatively and completely disregard the piece of information she disagrees with most.
C) Maris will respond positively and think the contradiction is an interesting puzzle to resolve.
D) Maris won't have much of an emotional reaction in response to the contradictory information.
E) Maris will be confused by the contradictory information and will seek out a third opinion.

Question 28

The Department of Chemistry is trying to understand how people solve problems in organic chemistry classes.Students are given a series of complex organic chemistry problems to solve.Which of the following will characterize the students' performance?

A) East Asian students will perform worse on the problems if they are asked to verbally articulate their thinking process but their performance will be relatively unaffected if they recite their own names repeatedly.
B) Western students will perform worse on the problems if they are asked to verbally articulate their thinking process or recite their own names repeatedly.
C) Verbally articulating their thought processes enhances the performance of East Asian students on the problems.
D) Reciting their names repeatedly enhances the performance of Western students on the problems.
E) Any student who verbally expresses anything unrelated to the problems will do poorly on them.

Question 29

Horatio and Gil are debating the legalization of marijuana.Horatio has a strong argument for legalization, while Gil has a weak argument against it.Zhang, a Chinese student, is watching the debate.Compared to how Zhang would perceive the arguments if he were to encounter just one argument, how will he perceive the arguments if they are both presented to him?

A) Zhang will be less confident that either argument is true.
B) Zhang will become more convinced that each argument is true.
C) Zhang will become less convinced that Horatio's argument is true and more convinced that Gil's argument is true.
D) Zhang will become more committed to his initial position, whatever it may be.
E) Zhang will become more convinced that Horatio's argument is true but less convinced that Gil's argument is true.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between talking and thinking? Eastern cultural traditions emphasize that talking and thinking

A) are closely related, such that more talking reflects more thinking.
B) are conditionally related, such that more talking reflects more thinking but only when people are knowledgeable about the topic at hand.
C) are conditionally related, such that more talking reflects more thinking but only when people are not distracted by other verbal tasks.
D) are conditionally related, such that more talking reflects more thinking but only among people that are typically silent and only verbalize their thoughts when something is important to them.
E) are unrelated, such that more talking does not necessarily reflect more thinking.

Question 31

Recent fieldwork suggests that the Saami people (an indigenous people living in parts of northern Europe) have almost 100 words to describe various kinds of reindeer.English, on the other hand, has only a tiny fraction of words used to describe reindeer.According to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, what cultural difference between English and Saami speakers would result from this disparity in the size of reindeer-related vocabulary?

A) English speakers are better able to identify the different odors of reindeer.
B) Saami speakers engage in spatial reasoning differently than English speakers.
C) English speakers have less numerical cognitive ability than do Saami speakers.
D) Saami speakers are better able to categorize reindeer than English speakers.
E) English speakers view time as flowing in a different direction than do Saami speakers.

Question 32

Bagiai is a member of the Piraha culture, which has a smaller numerical system than large-scale Western cultures.Bagiai is hunting and comes across a group of 10 tapirs (large pig-like mammals).He kills 2 to take back to his camp.If Bagiai were asked, "How many tapir remain alive?" how would he answer this question and why?

A) Bagiai would say, "8 tapir remain alive" because people from all cultures have terms for numbers up to the number 10.
B) Bagiai would say, "8 tapir remain alive" because his cultural concept of numbers allows for basic addition and subtraction.
C) Bagiai would say, "Many tapir remain alive" because while he is able to provide rough estimates of quantity, his language does not include precise terms for numbers larger than 2.
D) Bagiai would say, "Many tapir remain alive" because his culture is high-context and explicit communication is less necessary, given the large degree of shared information within the community.
E) Bagiai would say, "I don't know how many tapir remain alive" because his numerical vocabulary is limited and there only exists language to represent the addition and subtraction of 1, not 2.

Question 33

You work at your university's tutoring center, where you are tutoring two students taking the same Nursing course: Kimberly, a European American student, and Meilin, an Asian American student.Both students are studying for a first aid exam where they will be required to assess and treat different types of injuries by applying a multi-step process.Given what you know about cultural differences in thinking aloud, what study advice would you give to each student?

A) You would encourage both Kimberly and Meilin to verbally describe each step of the process as they apply it.
B) You would encourage both Kimberly and Meilin to not express their thoughts out loud but rather to remain silent while applying the multi-step process.
C) You would encourage Kimberly to verbally describe how she is assessing and treating each injury but you would encourage Meilin to remain silent as she assesses and treats each injury.
D) You would encourage Kimberly to remain silent as she assesses and treats each injury but you would encourage Meilin to verbally describe how she is assessing and treating each injury.
E) You would encourage Kimberly to perform the multi-step process without any distractions whereas you would encourage Meilin to perform the multi-step process while distracting herself by thinking about something else.

Question 34

A researcher asks a participant to organize a series of pictures in temporal sequence.The person organizes the pictures so that the temporal sequence goes from right to left.Which of the following most likely describes the participant?

A) His native language has a writing system that goes from left to right.
B) He is facing south and conceptualizes time as going from east to west.
C) He sees time as going from south to north, and is currently facing west.
D) He uses two spatial markers on his body-his head and his feet-to indicate how time passes.
E) He conceptualizes time as going from east to west and is facing north.

Question 35

Analytic thinking is argued to be associated with

A) field dependence.
B) family resemblance reasoning.
C) dispositional attributions.
D) high horizons in drawings.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 36

With which of the following is a low-context culture most closely associated?

A) implicit communication
B) explicit communication
C) incremental theory of the world
D) entity theory of the self
E) incremental theory of self

Question 37

Several classmates are leaving the library when they notice a woman tossing her books in her backpack and crying.Which of the following people is most likely to explain this behavior by making a situational attribution?

A) Kate, who is very extraverted
B) Victoria, who was born and raised in Canada
C) Elizabeth, who is a devout Protestant Christian
D) Mary, who was raised in a working-class family
E) Anne, who is a dialectic thinker

Question 38

Sybil was born and raised in the United States, and Yuchin was born and raised in China.Sybil and Yuchin are eating dinner together at their favorite restaurant, but are disappointed by the poor service.Based on what you know about cultural differences in attribution, Sybil is likely to think ________, whereas Yuchin is likely to think ________.

A) "Our waiter is so rude!"; "Why did this restaurant hire such a slow waiter?"
B) "Our waiter lacks the skills needed to work at this restaurant"; "Our waiter must have too many tables to serve"
C) "We would have gotten better service if we had come on a Monday"; "I wonder if our meals were especially difficult to make"
D) "The cooks must be new"; "The incompetent waiter is ruining our meal"
E) "The waiter's poor service affects this entire dining experience"; "I would rather dine at this restaurant than dine somewhere unfamiliar"

Question 39

A person who takes a dialectical view on life is LEAST likely to say,

A) "When faced with contradictory information, a person needs to decide what is right and what is wrong."
B) "Sometimes I am very honest but sometimes I can be very dishonest."
C) "Having high self-esteem can have both positive and negative consequences."
D) "People should accept that reality is constantly changing."
E) "What a person is currently experiencing may be very different from his or her past or future experiences."

Question 40

Two health psychology researchers, Marie from North America and Zhiyong from China, are studying rates of death from drug overdoses.Their research shows that deaths from drug overdoses have increased significantly in Culture X over the past 10 years.Marie and Zhiyong are trying to predict whether such deaths will increase, decrease, or stay the same in the future.Which of the following predictions is most likely?

A) Both Marie and Zhiyong will predict that death rates will increase over the next 10 years.
B) Both Marie and Zhiyong will predict that death rates will decrease over the next 10 years.
C) Both Marie and Zhiyong will predict that death rates will stay at their current position over the next 10 years.
D) Whereas Marie will predict that death rates will continue to increase over the next 10 years, Zhiyong will predict that death rates will decrease.
E) Whereas Marie will predict that death rates will decrease over the next 10 years, Zhiyong will predict that death rates will continue to increase.

Question 41

A person says, "There is more space between the numbers 50 and 60 than between the numbers 10 and 20." This represents a ________ understanding of numbers, which is common among ________.

A) linear; adults in industrialized cultures
B) linear; young children in industrialized cultures
C) logarithmic; adults in industrialized cultures
D) logarithmic; young children in industrialized cultures
E) logarithmic; both adults and children in industrialized cultures

Question 42

Given the cross-cultural research on odor perception, which person would perform the best on an odor identification task?

A) Person V, who is highly accurate when identifying colors
B) Person W, who is from a highly industrialized culture
C) Person X, who is from a small-scale, tribal culture
D) Person Y, whose culture has a large vocabulary of color words
E) Person Z, whose culture has a large vocabulary of odor words

Question 43

Draw a landscape scene containing at least a building, a tree, an animal, and the moon.State whether your picture reflects the artistic approach more characteristic of American or East Asian art, and identify and describe at least two features that demonstrate this.

Question 44

Eric and Andy are sitting on a park bench, watching people.They decide to play a game in which they try to explain the behaviors of the people around them (e.g., why did that person kick the dog?).Given that Eric is an analytic thinker and Andy is a holistic thinker, draw a graph that represents what proportion of their attributions you expect to be dispositional attributions.For this question, just graph the expected pattern of results; exact numbers are not important.

Question 45

A cognitive psychologist is teaching a course in which he teaches that humans have cognitive abilities that exist at birth: It does not matter what language a person speaks, because language has minimal impact on people's psychology.Critique this psychologist's perspective by providing empirical evidence showing three domains that are affected by the language that one speaks.

Question 46

How might different cultures have come to think so differently about their worlds? Demonstrate your understanding of the origins of analytic and holistic thinking by explaining their historical underpinnings and relationships to other cultural concepts that reinforce them.

Question 47

Why is implicit communication more common and comfortable in high-context versus low-context cultures? Explain your rationale and support it with both an anecdotal example and the findings from one research study.

Question 48

Your Math professor, Dr.Corey, requires that all students give a class presentation where they solve a mathematical problem on the board and describe their reasoning to the class as they write.Dr.Corey states that explicitly verbalizing one's reasoning helps students better understand how to solve the math problem.Based on research on cultural understandings of the association between talking and thinking, do you agree with Dr.Corey's assumption? Why or why not?

Question 49

You are visiting your friend Shirley and she is giving you directions to the neighborhood grocery store.Which of the following statements is accurate if Shirley thinks about space in absolute terms?

A) "Take a left on Kangaroo St., then a left on Koala Ave."
B) "Drive past the McDonald's, then turn toward the KFC."
C) "The grocery store is east of the bank and north of the soccer field."
D) "The grocery store will be on your right after you pass the high school."
E) "You will drive 3.2 miles down Kangaroo St.and 1.8 miles down Koala Ave."

Question 50

The following is a graph showing an increase in the popularity of the Spotify music streaming service between the years 2013 and 2019.Complete the graph by drawing two lines, one corresponding to what a dialectical person would predict will happen between 2019 and 2025 and one corresponding to what a nondialectical person would predict will happen between 2019 and 2025.

Question 51

People who speak ________ are more likely to use ________ when describing an unintentional action, and consequently they will be ________ accurate when identifying the person that engaged in the action.

A) English; active voice; less
B) English; passive voice; more
C) Spanish; active voice; more
D) Spanish; passive voice; less
E) Spanish; passive voice; more

Question 52

Which cultural groups are the most likely to perceive colors differently?

A) Culture A, which has six color terms, and Culture B, which has seven color terms.
B) Culture E, which has a color term for yellow but not green, and Culture F, which has a color term for green but not yellow.
C) Culture J, which calls green nol, and Culture K, which calls green burou.
D) Culture N, which describes the sky as blue, and Culture O, which describes a grassy field as blue.
E) Culture S, which would categorize magenta as red, and Culture T, which could categorize magenta as either red, purple, or pink.