Question 1

What is the problem with using retrospective studies to look at the determinants of learning?&#10;A) The omitted variable problem means that the causal effect of some variables are understated&#10;B) The omitted variable problem means that the causal effect of some variables are overstated&#10;C) The over-inclusion variable problem means that the causal effect of some variables are understated&#10;D) The over-inclusion variable problem means that the causal effect of some variables are overstated

Accepted Answer

Retrospective studies often suffer from omitted variable bias, where not accounting for all relevant variables can lead to overstating the causal effect of included variables.

Question 2

Policymakers influence some implementation outcomes indirectly through school management choices including all of the following except?&#10;A) Decisions regarding the numbers of teachers needed in each school&#10;B) Textbook choices&#10;C) Hiring,firing,promotion and management of teachers&#10;D) Decisions regarding school fees

Accepted Answer

Decisions regarding school fees are typically not within the control of school management, but rather are determined by higher level policymakers or governing bodies. Therefore, policymakers cannot influence this implementation outcome indirectly through school management choices. However, they can influence outcomes such as teacher staffing and textbook choices through policies related to funding, curriculum, and teacher training. Policymakers can also indirectly influence teacher management practices by setting policies related to teacher evaluation and certification requirements.

Question 3

The Opportunity cost of sending a child to school_________?&#10;A) Includes the tuition and fees the school charges&#10;B) May be low because some of the time a child spends in school comes out of time the child could have been earning wages&#10;C) Can be high because of the cost of transportation to and from school&#10;D) May be high because it may require their mother or older siblings to reallocate time from income generating activities to child care

Accepted Answer

The opportunity cost of sending a child to school may be high because it may require their mother or older siblings to reallocate time from income generating activities to child care. This means that the time they spend caring for the child could have otherwise been used to earn income, resulting in a loss of potential earnings.

Question 4

What is the different between Gross and Net Enrollment rates (GERs and NERs)?&#10;A) The GER will tend to understand the true enrollment rates&#10;B) The NER will tend to overstate the enrollment rates&#10;C) The NER is calculated by taking the number of students/ the class seating capacity&#10;D) The NER takes into account students' age.

Accepted Answer

The Net Enrollment Rate (NER) specifically considers the official school-age population for a given level of education, thus taking into account students' age, which helps in understanding the proportion of students in the appropriate age group that are enrolled in school. This contrasts with the Gross Enrollment Rate (GER), which includes all students enrolled at a level of education, regardless of age, and can therefore include students who are older or younger than the typical age for that level.

Question 5

Which of the following would tend to raise the average cost for the government providing a complete primary education?&#10;A) By increasing the share of cost burden on parents&#10;B) By accomplishing the goals of increased enrollment and retention&#10;C) B y reducing waste and corrupt diversion of resources&#10;D) When grade repetition rates fall.

Accepted Answer

Increasing enrollment and retention rates in primary education would likely raise the average cost for the government because it would need to allocate more resources to accommodate the higher number of students. This could include hiring more teachers, building more classrooms, and providing additional educational materials.

Question 6

Household schooling opportunities are defined by supply-side and demand-side policy implementation outcomes.All of the following are supply-side elements except?&#10;A) Tuition&#10;B) Quality and content of educational services&#10;C) Number of students in each class&#10;D) Primary language of instruction

Accepted Answer

Supply-side elements in education refer to factors that are controlled by the providers of education, such as the quality and content of educational services, the number of students in each class, and the primary language of instruction. Tuition, on the other hand, is a demand-side element, as it relates to the cost that households must bear to access educational services.

Question 7

How were empirical studies on the determinants of learning conducted in the past?&#10;A) With regressions of average test scores on various measures of school inputs&#10;B) With regressions of average math score on numbers of textbooks&#10;C) With regressions that included every relevant variable&#10;D) With current data and future data only.

Accepted Answer

In the past, empirical studies on the determinants of learning were mainly conducted using regressions of average test scores on various measures of school inputs, such as class size, teacher quality, funding, and facilities. This approach allowed researchers to examine the relationship between different school factors and student achievement. Other methods, such as experimental designs or qualitative case studies, were less common in this field.

Question 8

Which of the following is a long-run direct effect of schooling?&#10;A) Greater future earning power&#10;B) Speaking a common language imbue them with a shared national identity&#10;C) Improved communication skills means technology disseminates more quickly&#10;D) Lower crime rates mean safer neighborhoods

Accepted Answer

Greater future earning power is a long-term direct effect of schooling, as individuals with higher levels of education tend to have access to better job opportunities and higher-paying positions. This can have lasting impacts on their own economic well-being as well as that of their families and communities. While improved communication skills (C) and lower crime rates (D) may be indirect outcomes of schooling, they are not necessarily long-term or direct effects. Speaking a common language (B) may have cultural and social benefits, but is not directly related to the economic or educational outcomes of schooling.

Question 9

Which of the following is a long-run indirect effect of schooling?&#10;A) Greater future earning power&#10;B) Subsidies for transportation to and from school could mean increased income and consumption now&#10;C) The status of the family increases&#10;D) Increased voting improves the democratic process

Accepted Answer

Increased voting as a result of education is a long-run indirect effect because it enhances civic participation and strengthens the democratic process over time.

Question 10

Hundreds of studies have been conducted that shows that earning go up by _____ for every _______?&#10;A) 10-20%; additional $1000 spent on education&#10;B) 25-50%; 1 year of additional schooling completed&#10;C) 10-20%; 1 year of additional schooling completed&#10;D) 25-50%; additional $1000 spent on education

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C, as numerous studies have consistently shown that earnings increase by about 10-20% for every additional year of schooling completed. The other options are incorrect based on research findings, as there is no evidence to suggest that spending an additional $1000 on education leads to a specific percentage increase in earnings, or that completing one year of schooling results in a higher earnings boost than 10-20%.

Question 11

Household schooling opportunities are defined by supply-side and demand-side policy implementation outcomes.All of the following are Demand-side elements except?&#10;A) Tuition&#10;B) Cost of textbooks and other required materials&#10;C) Any factor that influences a family's desire to send their children to school without influencing the nature of the services&#10;D) Primary language of instruction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Household schooling opportunities are defined by supply-side...

Question 12

When does the efficiency of with which educational services are implemented increase?&#10;A) When tuition rises&#10;B) When the cost of providing a given set of educational opportunities falls&#10;C) When the indirect costs of educational services are maximized&#10;D) When subsidies to the school decrease

Accepted Answer

The answer of When does the efficiency of with which...

Question 13

Which of the following is not a Proximate Goal?&#10;A) Increasing the number of children who start school&#10;B) Improve the lives of current students when they become adults&#10;C) Increase the number of years children complete before leaving school&#10;D) Increase the value of children learn while in school

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 14

All of the following have been empirically proven to increase enrollment rates in most circumstances except:&#10;A) Increasing physical access to schools&#10;B) Changing the curriculum philosophy&#10;C) Reducing liquidity constraints&#10;D) Improve information regarding the link between education and increased earnings

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following have been empirically...

Question 15

What can school managers do to improve the educational services that they provide?&#10;A) Allocate teaching time across different subjects&#10;B) Decide what effort to expend in preparing lesson plans&#10;C) Improve training and mentoring programs teachers receive&#10;D) Deciding how frequently to report to work

Accepted Answer

The answer of What can school managers do to improve...

Question 16

What is the ultimate goal of governments and NGO's when creating education policies and programs?&#10;A) To draw more children into schools&#10;B) To encourage children to remain in school for longer&#10;C) Increase the value of children are learning in school&#10;D) To Speed development by encouraging investment in human capital

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the ultimate goal of governments...

Question 17

Why is sending a child to school considered to be an investment decision?&#10;A) Because a parent would only send a child to school if the perceived costs outweighed the benefits&#10;B) Because many of the costs must be borne now,while many benefits accrue only in the future&#10;C) Because in most developing countries the funding from schools come from private investments&#10;D) Because it can raise a family's status

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is sending a child to school...

Question 18

What are educational stocks?&#10;A) Stock market shares of companies that provide educational services&#10;B) Levels of education among workers accumulated through past education investments&#10;C) New investments in human capital&#10;D) New school assets

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are educational stocks?&#10;A) Stock market shares...

Question 19

Gross enrollment rates (GERs)in low and middle income countries have achieved nearly universal primary enrollment because?&#10;A) Some students are younger than primary school age who are included in the GER&#10;B) Every child in low and middle now attends school&#10;C) There are some students included in the GER who are older than primary school age&#10;D) There are more classroom seats than there are students

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gross enrollment rates (GERs)in low and middle...

Question 20

Why is it that despite growing enrollment in schools what students ultimately learn is quite worse in poorer in countries?&#10;A) Teachers are under trained and often absent from school&#10;B) Class sizes are too small due to rural areas&#10;C) Lack of competition among students&#10;D) Textbooks are free so undervalued

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it that despite growing enrollment...

Question 21

Why should government bureaucrats want to transfer authority over school management to school management committees?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should government bureaucrats want to transfer...

Question 22

All of the following are reasons why a school based management system may fail to achieve its goals except:&#10;A) The committee may not be given enough power to effectively manage the school&#10;B) The committee may not be as motivated or have as much local information as government bureaucrats&#10;C) The motivation of committee members may be less than ideal&#10;D) All of the above are reasons a school based management system could fail

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are reasons why...

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of creating an education voucher program?&#10;A) An increased in enrollment especially from children of wealthier households&#10;B) To encourage competition among schools for government resources&#10;C) To encourage competition among schools for students&#10;D) An increase in enrollment especially from children of poorer households

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary purpose of creating...

Question 24

All of the following are examples of market failure in providing education and require government intervention except:&#10;A) Education generates positive externalities&#10;B) If schooling choices are liquidity constrained&#10;C) If households have perfect information about the costs and benefits of schooling&#10;D) If education is considered vital for achieving poverty reduction

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are examples of...

Question 25

How have many low and middle income countries have achieved nearly universal primary enrollment according to the gross enrollment rates (GERs)presented in the text?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How have many low and middle income...

Question 26

Which of the following is a significant down-side to eliminating school fees?&#10;A) An increased in enrollment especially from children of wealthier households&#10;B) A increase in corruption as schools require voluntary contributions from parents&#10;C) The impact on most households income is insignificant&#10;D) An increase in enrollment especially from children of poorer households

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a significant...

Question 27

What are the potential benefits and costs of eliminating school fees?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the potential benefits and costs...

Question 28

What is the primary benefit of eliminating school fees?&#10;A) An increased in enrollment especially from children of wealthier households&#10;B) A decrease in corruption as schools no longer require voluntary contributions from parents&#10;C) The impact on most households income is significant&#10;D) An increase in enrollment especially from children of poorer households

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary benefit of eliminating...

Deck 19: Education