Deck 11: Programming

Question 1

Programmers insert documentation called  facts into the program code.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm is called a declarative language.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s, they were dubbed second-generation languages because they seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.​

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An API is a set of application or operating system functions that programmers can add to the programs they create.​

Question 5

Prolog and other declarative languages were classified as fifth-generation languages.​

Question 6

The process of planning a computer program begins with a problem statement that clearly define the program's purpose.​

Question 7

The core of a computer program is a sequence of instructions.

Question 8

Structured English is a subset of the English language with a limited selection of sentence structures that reflect processing activities.​

Question 9

Microprocessors only understand machine language, so there has to be some way to convert assembly language instructions into 1s and 0s.​

Question 10

Some software engineering activities overlap with the systems analysis and design activities​

Question 11

Agile methodologies tend to be used for large software development projects involving more than ten developers, geographically dispersed development teams, and life-critical applications.​

Question 12

Third-generation languages added a level of abstraction to machine languages by substituting abbreviated command words for the strings of 1s and 0s used in machine languages.​

Question 13

A simple example of a repetition control structure is the if...else command.​

Question 14

Algorithms are usually written in a format that is specific to a particular programming language.​

Question 15

An important characteristic of third-generation programming languages is that the source code can be written with simple tools, such as a word processor, and this code can be easily understood by programmers.​

Question 16

A low-level language uses command words and grammar based on human languages.​

Question 17

Another way to express an algorithm is with pseudocode.​

Question 18

you can specify the actual solution in the problem statement.​

Question 19

The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.​

Question 20

Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 21

____________ encompasses a broad set of activities that include planning, coding, testing, and documenting while a related activity, __________, is a development process that uses mathematical, engineering, and management techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability.​

A)​Software engineering, computer programming
B)​Computer programming, software engineering
C)​Application programming, systems programming
D)​Systems programming, application programming

Question 22

As a general rule, declarative programming languages are most suitable for problems that pertain to words and concepts rather than to numbers.​

Question 23

Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact.​

Question 24

Procedural languages encourage programmers to approach problems by breaking the solution down to a series of steps.​

Question 25

In a problem statement, you can limit complexity by making ____________.​

A)​objects
B)​variables
C)​constants
D)​assumptions

Question 26

The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as __________.​

A)​code
B)​control
C)encapsulation​
D)​function

Question 27

Declarative languages are commonly used for production applications.​

Question 28

programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data​

Question 29

​A(n) __________ is a factor that remains the same throughout a program.

A)​algorithm
B)​variable
C)​object
D)​constant

Question 30

​A subclass is any class that inherits attributes from a superclass

Question 31

Prolog programming is all about facts and rules.​

Question 32

The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.​

A)​known information
B)​assumption
C)algorithm​
D)​predicate

Question 33

The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.​

Question 34

The declarative paradigm is fundamentally quite similar to the procedural paradigm.​

Question 35

​Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement?

A)​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem.
B)​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.
C)​It clearly specifies the known information.
D)​It specifies when the problem has been solved.

Question 36

A(n) _________ provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than typing lines of code.​

A)​repetition control structure
B)​interprete
C)​VDE
D)superclass​

Question 37

The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​

Question 38

The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.​

Question 39

When taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution.​

Question 40

In Prolog, facts can have no more than two arguments.​

Question 41

Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?​

A)​Prolog
B)Pythod​
C)​Java
D)​Javascript

Question 42

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.​

A)​paradigm
B)​flowchart
C)​pseudocode
D)​VDE

Question 43

Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?​

A)​Declarative
B)Procedural​
C)​Object-Oriented
D)​Predictive

Question 44

A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family.​

A)​flow control
B)​abstraction
C)​syntax
D)​iteration

Question 45

 _______________, such as BASIC, Python, Java, Prolog, and C++, make the programming process easier by replacing unintelligible strings of 1s and 0s or cryptic assembly commands with understandable commands, such as PRINT and WRITE.​

A)​Low-level languages
B)​High-level languages
C)​First generation languages
D)​Multiparadigm languages

Question 46

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called __________.​

A)​source code
B)op code​
C)​object code
D)structured English​

Question 47

A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.​

A)​function
B)​goto
C)​method
D)​iteration

Question 48

Which of the following is a scripting language?​

A)​Ruby
B)​Perl
C)​PHP
D)​all of the above

Question 49

A(n) ____________ for a computer program is a set of steps that explains how to begin with known information specified in a problem statement and how to manipulate that information to arrive at a solution.​

A)​control
B)​algorithm
C)​syntax
D)​parameter

Question 50

The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that interact with each other.​

A)​declarative
B)​object-oriented
C)​procedural
D)​none of the above

Question 51

In a repetition control structure, the computer is directed to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met. The section of code that repeats is usually referred to as a(n) ___________.​

A)​algorithm
B)​compiler
C)​iteration
D)​rule

Question 52

In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which more closely= resembled human languages.​

A)​second
B)​third
C)fourth​
D)​none of the above

Question 53

A(n) _____________  changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​

A)​sequential execution
B)​formal method
C)​programming paradigm
D)​sequence control structure

Question 54

A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.​

A)sequence control structure​
B)​selection control structure
C)​repetition control structure
D)​walkthrough

Question 55

What is the term that refers to the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions?​

A)​control structure
B)​Flow control
C)​walkthrough
D)​none of the above

Question 56

A(n) ___________ converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called ________, is placed in a new file.​

A)​constant, variable
B)object code, compiler​
C)​compiler, object code
D)​interpreter, compiler

Question 57

A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________  can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.​

A)​public attribute, class attribute
B)​private attribute, class attribute
C)​public attribute, private attribute
D)​class attribute, public attribute

Question 58

A(n) _____________  defines the characteristics of a set of objects.​

A)​class attribute
B)​control structure
C)​function
D)​method

Question 59

Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​

A)​Prolog
B)COBOL​
C)​C++
D)​Objective C

Question 60

__________-generation languages, such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and scientific applications.​

A)​First
B)​Second
C)​Third
D)​Fourth

Question 61

In the context of Prolog programming, a(n) ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.​​
a.​selection control structure
b.​decision table
c.​formal method
d.​storyboard

Question 62

In a programming language, a(n) ______, or command, is a word with a predefined meaning​

Question 63

____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 64

In a problem statement, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.​

Question 65

Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.​

A)​instantiation
B)​abstraction
C)​argument
D)​inheritance

Question 66

In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .​

A)​argument, predicates
B)​predicate, rules
C)​rule, arguments
D)​predicate, arguments

Question 67

Prolog allows you to ask open-ended questions by replacing constants with __________.​

A)​parameters
B)variables​
C)​functions
D)​rules

Question 68

Programmers sometimes start with a set of _____________ that simplify a problem.​

Question 69

A(n) _________ methodology focuses on flexible development and specifications that evolve as a project progresses.​

Question 70

_____________ programmers create productivity applications such as Microsoft Office, as well as enterprise applications such as CRM and ERP.​

Question 71

Keywords can be combined with specific ____________, which provide more detailed instructions for the computer to carry out.​

Question 72

The _______________ paradigm describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.​​

A)​procedural
B)declarative​
C)object-oriented​
D)​none of the above

Question 73

​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods.

A)​COBOL
B)​SIMULA 
C)​Python
D)​Java

Question 74

In a problem statement, a(n) ____________ is something you accept as true in order to proceed with program planning.​

Question 75

___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​

A)​Polymorphism
B)​Inheritance
C)​Encapsulation
D)​Abstraction

Question 76

Regarding OO programming, which of the following terms best matches with the term "method"?​

A)​algorithm
B)​pseudocode
C)​syntax
D)​main()

Question 77

In the context of programming, a problem ____________ defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal.​

Question 78

Within the agile development framework, the process of developing each iteration of a program is called a(n) _________.​

Question 79

A computer _____________ is a set of step-by-step instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task.​

Question 80

_________________ refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their methods.​

A)​Abstraction
B)​Encapsulation
C)​Assumption
D)​Polymorphism