Deck 38: Cardiopulmonary Functioning and Oxygenation

Question 1

The patient is admitted to the emergency department with a pneumothorax.Which of the following does the nurse anticipate the patient will be experiencing?

A) Dyspnea
B) Eupnea
C) Fremitus
D) Orthopnea

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The nurse is reviewing the results of the patient's diagnostic testing for respiratory function.Of the following results,which finding results fall within normal limits?

A) pH 7.50
B) Arterial oxygen concentration (SaO₂) 86%
C) Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO₂) 36 mm Hg
D) Arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂) 76 mm Hg

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the older adult patient and cardiopulmonary function?

A) Older adults have atypical signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease.
B) Mental status changes are often the first signs of respiratory problems in older adults.
C) Older adults are easily bothered by dyspnea and complain to the nurse.
D) Cough suppressants are to be used with caution in older adults.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The patient with a chronic obstructive respiratory disease is receiving oxygen via a nasal cannula.The nurse plans to include which of the following interventions in the patient's care?

A) Assess nares for skin breakdown every 6 hours.
B) Check patency of the cannula every 2 hours.
C) Inspect the mouth every 6 hours.
D) Check oxygen flow every 24 hours.

Question 5

The patient has chest tubes in place after thoracic surgery.What does the nurse need to know about working with a patient who has a chest tube?

A) The tubes should be clamped, except during patient assessments.
B) The tubing should be removed from the connection to check for adequate suction power.
C) The tubes should be stripped every 15 to 30 minutes to maintain drainage.
D) Periodic lifting and drainage of coiled loop will promote pleural drainage.

Question 6

The patient has experienced a myocardial infarction,resulting in damage to the left ventricle.Which of the following does the nurse know the patient may experience as a possible complication?

A) Jugular neck vein distension
B) Pulmonary congestion
C) Peripheral edema
D) Liver enlargement

Question 7

Several patients are experiencing increased respiratory secretions and require intervention to assist in their removal.Chest percussion is indicated and appropriate for the patient experiencing which one of the following?

A) Thrombocytopenia
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Osteoporosis
D) Spinal fracture

Question 8

The unit manager,who is orienting the new staff nurse,evaluates which one of the following as an appropriate technique for nasotracheal suctioning?

A) Placing the patient in a supine position
B) Preparing for a clean or nonsterile technique
C) Suctioning the oropharyngeal area first, and then the nasotracheal area
D) Time taken for catheter passage to removal no longer than 15 seconds

Question 9

The nurse knows that a pacemaker may be required for which of the following conditions?

A) Sinus tachycardia
B) Sinus bradycardia
C) Ventricular fibrillation
D) Heart failure

Question 10

At a community health fair,the nurse informs the residents that the influenza vaccine is recommended for which of the following patients?

A) Only patients who are older than 65 years
B) Patients aged 40 to 60 years
C) Patients in any age group who have a chronic disease
D) Patients in any age group who are currently experiencing flulike symptoms

Question 11

It is suspected that the patient's oxygenation status is deteriorating.The nurse is aware that which abnormal assessment finding represents the most serious indication of the patient's decreased oxygenation?

A) Poor skin turgor
B) Clubbing of the nails
C) Central cyanosis
D) Pursed-lip breathing

Question 12

On admitting a patient,the nurse finds a history of myocardial ischemia.What is the most disconcerting dysrhythmia that electrocardiography can reveal for this patient?

A) Sinus bradycardia
B) Sinus dysrhythmias
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Atrial fibrillation

Question 13

The patient has recently had a mitral valve replacement.To prevent excess serosanguineous fluid buildup,which of the following does the nurse anticipate will be included in care?

A) Increased oxygen therapy
B) Frequent chest physiotherapy
C) Incentive spirometry on a regularly scheduled basis
D) Chest tube placement in the thoracic cavity

Question 14

The nurse has reviewed information about the cardiovascular system before caring for a patient with heart disease.The nurse knows that which of the following statements is true concerning the physiology of the cardiovascular system?

A) Stimulating the parasympathetic system would cause the heart rate to increase.
B) When a person has heart muscle disease, the heart muscles stretch as far as is necessary to maintain function.
C) The QRS interval on the electrocardiogram represents the electrical impulses passing through the ventricles.
D) When stroke volume decreases, a resultant decrease in heart rate occurs.

Question 15

Acute renal failure and a resulting metabolic acidosis develop in a patient.The nurse recognizes that the respiratory system compensates through which of the following processes?

A) Hypoventilation and increase of bicarbonate in the bloodstream
B) Alternating periods of deep versus shallow breaths to maintain homeostasis of the serum pH
C) Hyperventilation to decrease the serum carbon dioxide and thereby increase the pH
D) Expansion of the lung tissues to their fullest, which increases the inspiratory reserve volumes to provide more oxygen to the tissues

Question 16

The nurse is checking the patient's overall oxygenation.In assessment of the presence of central cyanosis,which of the following areas will the nurse inspect?

A) The patient's palms and soles of the feet
B) The patient's nail beds
C) The patient's earlobes
D) The patient's tongue

Question 17

A 64-year-old patient is seen in the emergency department for palpitations and mild shortness of breath.The electrocardiogram reveals a normal P wave,P-R interval,and QRS complex with a regular rhythm and a rate of 108 beats per minute.The nurse should recognize this as which type of cardiac dysrhythmia?

A) Sinus dysrhythmia
B) Sinus tachycardia
C) Supraventricular tachycardia
D) Ventricular tachycardia

Question 18

The patient has pneumonia in the left lobe.The nurse should encourage him to lie in which of the following positions?

A) With the unaffected lung down
B) On the affected side
C) On either side
D) Supine

Question 19

The nurse is working on a respiratory care unit in the hospital.On entering the room of a patient with emphysema,the nurse notes that the patient is experiencing respiratory distress.Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A) Instruct the patient to breathe rapidly.
B) Provide oxygen at 2 L per minute via nasal cannula.
C) Immediately place the patient in the supine position.
D) Contact the physician.

Question 20

The nurse is working on a pulmonary unit at the local hospital.The nurse is alert to which of the following as being an early sign of hypoxia?

A) Cyanosis
B) Restlessness
C) A decreased respiratory rate
D) A decreased blood pressure

Question 21

The nurse knows that which of the following is considered a lethal cardiac rhythm?

A) Asystole
B) Atrial fibrillation
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Ventricular fibrillation

Question 22

While reviewing the patient's lab test results,the nurse identifies which of the following findings as abnormal?

A) pH 7.37
B) SaO₂ 98%
C) PaCO₂ 54 mm Hg
D) PaO₂ 82 mm Hg

Question 23

The electrical activity of the patient's heart is being continuously monitored while he is on the coronary care unit.Suddenly,the nurse finds that the patient is experiencing ventricular fibrillation.Which of the following actions should the nurse prepare to take?

A) Administer atropine.
B) Prepare for CPR and defibrillation.
C) Prepare the patient for surgical placement of a pacemaker.
D) Instruct the patient to perform the Valsalva manoeuvre.

Question 24

The patient experiencing which of the following would have an increased metabolic rate and tissue oxygen demand?

A) Fever
B) Anemia
C) Toxic inhalant
D) Airway obstruction

Question 25

Which of the following is responsible for the voluntary control of respirations?

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Cerebral cortex
C) Medulla oblongata
D) Chemical regulation

Question 26

The nurse is preparing to teach a group of adult women about the signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction (heart attack).Which of the following will the nurse explain is a specific symptom of myocardial infarctions in women?

A) Angina
B) Visual difficulties
C) Loss of unilateral motor function
D) Right scapular discomfort and stiffness