Question 1

What tool can be used to assess a client's readiness to change?&#10;A)An adherence ruler&#10;B)A food diary&#10;C)A weight scale&#10;D)Food models

Accepted Answer

An adherence ruler or scale used in coordination with the question, "On a scale from 1 to 12, how ready are you right now to ___?" is adequate to establish readiness to change.A food diary and food models can help identify eating habits, but in the case of a food diary, often clients do not have the training necessary to produce one for the first session.Weighing the patient provides a baseline, and repeated weighings can help demonstrate progress, but weight change is not always the desired result of nutrition counseling.

Question 2

When a counselor elicits self-motivational statements, this includes all of the following EXCEPT&#10;A)optimism.&#10;B)problem recognition.&#10;C)reframing.&#10;D)intention to change.

Accepted Answer

Reframing is a technique where the counselor makes a statement that provides a different perspective to the patient's view.Self-motivational statements are created by the client when she recognizes that a problem or concern exists and that she can do something about it.Problem recognition, concern, intention to change, and optimism are types of questions that the counselor can ask that will result in the client developing self-motivational statements.

Question 3

When counseling a client who speaks a different language, the most effective way to communicate is to:&#10;A)use a family member or close friend who speaks the language and can translate.&#10;B)use a visual aid that has been developed using international symbols.&#10;C)find a counselor who speaks the same language and can do the counseling.&#10;D)use a certified translator.

Accepted Answer

Unofficial translators are not usually a good choice because of the lack of understanding of nutrition and health.Using professional translators is also not without limitations but is the best option.

Question 4

Which of the following techniques is appropriate for use with a patient ready to change behavior?&#10;A)Elicit self-motivational statements.&#10;B)Negotiate change.&#10;C)Establish an action plan.&#10;D)Develop discrepancy.

Accepted Answer

During the ready-to-change session, the goal should be to work with the patient to set goals for change that include a plan of action.Eliciting self-motivational statements is used for the patient in the precontemplation stage to help create awareness of an existing problem in the patient.Negotiation for change occurs in the unsure-about-change session.Developing discrepancy is an activity used by the counselor throughout the counseling process that helps the patient identify the benefits and disadvantages of the behavior change.

Question 5

Assessment of a patient's stage of change should be completed&#10;A)when the patient is referred for counseling.&#10;B)at the beginning of the first counseling session.&#10;C)by the end of the first counseling session.&#10;D)before the second counseling session.

Accepted Answer

Because the first counseling session is used to establish rapport and the counseling relationship, as well as to obtain information to assess the patient's current eating behaviors, assessment of the patient's stage of change cannot occur before or early in the first session.Ideally, assessment of the stage of change occurs by the end of the first counseling session so that plans and goals in preparation for the next session can be shared with the patient.

Question 6

Which stage of change is characterized by the patient's feelings of ambivalence?&#10;A)Precontemplation&#10;B)Contemplation&#10;C)Preparation&#10;D)Maintenance

Accepted Answer

Ambivalence occurs when the patient has mixed feelings and is considering the pros and cons of behavior change.This is characteristic of the stage of contemplation.The precontemplation stage is characterized by the need for awareness of a problem existing.Preparation involves the need to identify acceptable change strategies.Maintenance has the challenge of sustaining an accomplished change without occurrence of relapse.

Question 7

One of the five tenets of cultural competency is&#10;A)You must know a culture's communication style to be an effective counselor.&#10;B)Cultural competency eliminates racism.&#10;C)Culture is defined as race, religion and ethnicity.&#10;D)Culture is mutable and multiple

Accepted Answer

Knowing about a culture does NOT eliminate racism, and part of cultural competency is to avoid any stereotyping, including how a specific culture wants to communicate.Culture is mutable and multiple and any understanding of particular cultural context is always incompletely true, always partial and always somewhat out of date.

Question 8

Which technique is NOT useful in working with clients during a not-ready-to-change counseling session?&#10;A)Asking open-ended questions&#10;B)Affirming&#10;C)Agreeing with a twist&#10;D)Summarizing

Accepted Answer

When dealing with clients during the precontemplation stage, the goal is to facilitate their ability to consider change.For this to occur, strong communication skills are necessary.These include asking open-ended questions, listening reflectively, providing affirmation, and summarizing the client's statements.Agreeing with a twist is a means of dealing with resistant behavior by agreeing with the client and then redirecting the focus of the conversation.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a stage of change?&#10;A)Precontemplation&#10;B)Motivation&#10;C)Relapse&#10;D)Action

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model, or stages of change, includes the stages of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse.Motivation may be applied as a technique of interviewing to achieve a willingness to change in the client.

Question 10

What counseling activity is based on the idea that thoughts and beliefs that affect behavior can be changed to promote behavior change?&#10;A)Cognitive-behavioral therapy&#10;B)Transtheoretical model&#10;C)Reflective listening&#10;D)Shifting focus

Accepted Answer

Cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs through cognitive restructuring.This technique is particularly effective in working with patients with body image issues.The transtheoretical model is not a counseling activity itself but rather a model for setting up counseling related to the stage a person is in regarding a needed behavioral change.Reflective listening is a technique used with patients who are not ready for change and involves the counselor communicating understanding of the patient's feelings through a statement.Shifting focus is a means used for dealing with patient resistance that involves the counselor changing the focus of a patient from a perceived barrier to change to one more appropriate.

Question 11

What does double-sided reflection involve doing?&#10;A)Monitoring a counseling session from behind a two-way mirror&#10;B)Using the client's previously expressed ideas to show a discrepancy&#10;C)Asking questions multiple times&#10;D)Reframing

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does double-sided reflection involve doing?&#10;A)Monitoring a...

Question 12

Traditional nutritional counseling focuses on change matched to&#10;A)action and relapse.&#10;B)empathy.&#10;C)precontemplation and preparation.&#10;D)action and maintenance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Traditional nutritional counseling focuses on change matched...

Question 13

Resistance to change can be overcome by all the following techniques EXCEPT&#10;A)affirming.&#10;B)double-sided reflection.&#10;C)agreeing with a twist.&#10;D)reflecting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Resistance to change can be overcome by...

Question 14

If a counseling session ends with the client not ready to change, which of the following should the counselor do?&#10;A)Establish goals for the client.&#10;B)Arrange for follow-up contact.&#10;C)Persuade the client to perform some change.&#10;D)Express disappointment with the client.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a counseling session ends with the...

Question 15

A client is aware that a dietary behavior problem exists but is not sure whether to do something about it.What stage of change is this client in?&#10;A)Precontemplation&#10;B)Contemplation&#10;C)Preparation&#10;D)Relapse

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client is aware that a dietary...

Question 16

During which type of counseling session is one of the goals to identify barriers to change?&#10;A)Not-ready-to-change session&#10;B)Unsure-about-change session&#10;C)Ready-to-change session&#10;D)First counseling session

Accepted Answer

The answer of During which type of counseling session is...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic techniques that all counselors should be competent in to be effective in intercultural counseling?&#10;A)Respect for the client&#10;B)Problem recognition&#10;C)Genuineness&#10;D)Empathic understanding

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 18

The most important thing to establish in the first counseling session is&#10;A)the counseling relationship.&#10;B)likes and dislikes in the counseling environment.&#10;C)fees for service.&#10;D)reimbursement potential by insurance providers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important thing to establish in...

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT an activity that facilitates behavior change?&#10;A)Self-efficacy&#10;B)Empathy&#10;C)Reframing&#10;D)Discrepancy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT an...

Question 20

Which of the following is a client's belief in his ability to carry out change?&#10;A)Self-efficacy&#10;B)Self-management&#10;C)Self-monitoring&#10;D)Self-reflection

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a client's...

Deck 15: Interventions: Education and Counseling for Behavior Change