Deck 19: Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt, 1865-1900

Question 1

The peak decade of immigration was the 1890s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

As president,Rutherford B.Hayes tried to:

A)balance the budget.
B)prevent war.
C)stay above the party bickering.
D)switch political parties.
E)sue Congress.

Answer 2

stay above the party bickering.

Question 3

In major cities,politics was often a form of public entertainment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Stalwarts:

A)were led by Roscoe Conkling.
B)generally favored a lenient southern policy.
C)were a faction in the Democratic party,and were also known as the Half-Breeds.
D)had opposed Ulysses S.Grant.
E)won the election of 1884.

Question 5

Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species put forward the theory of evolution.

Question 6

The spread of mass transit was a major factor in the growth of the suburbs.

Question 7

All of the following contributed to epidemics,disease,and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT:

A)overflowing garbage.
B)untreated sewage.
C)contaminated water.
D)the banishment of animals to outside city limits.
E)overcrowding.

Question 8

Ellis Island was built by New York City primarily to handle an influx of Asian immigration.

Question 9

Saloons were the poor man's social clubs during the late nineteenth century.

Question 10

The public health officials and municipal engineers who tried to clean up the city and its public health dangers were called:

A)garbage men.
B)health care professionals.
C)missionaries.
D)sanitary reformers.
E)cowboys.

Question 11

Tenement houses in New York City:

A)were cramped,yet offered more privacy than apartments.
B)were urban,yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature.
C)had higher mortality rates than among the general population.
D)were clean.
E)usually had two to three families in each building.

Question 12

Which region of the United States had the greatest proportion of urban dwellers?

A)the Northeast
B)the South
C)the middle Atlantic
D)the Far West
E)the Great Plains

Question 13

One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because:

A)it increased the reliance on horse-drawn transportation.
B)it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city.
C)it stifled the growth of the city by drawing jobs to the periphery.
D)it prevented parks from being built inside city limits.
E)it kept the population of women living in the city very low.

Question 14

Politics in the late nineteenth century was dominated by a series of strong presidents.

Question 15

Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?

A)The growth of streetcars depended on such techniques.
B)They were the primary engines of job growth.
C)They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.
D)They were invented by immigrant laborers.
E)They demonstrated the value of female ingenuity.

Question 16

One major task in big cities was disposing of horse waste.

Question 17

The phrase "Gilded Age" implied that the era was characterized by:

A)charity.
B)communism.
C)socialism.
D)greed.
E)poverty.

Question 18

By 1920,more than half the U.S.population was urban.

Question 19

The reason that Chester A.Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 is that:

A)the Republican party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term.
B)he died in office.
C)he pledged to serve only one term after replacing the assassinated James Blaine.
D)he switched parties.
E)he was elected to the presidency with less than half of the popular vote.

Question 20

Tenement housing gave city dwellers substantially healthier and more comfortable living conditions.

Question 21

"Nativists" believed that:

A)immigration was a boon to the American economy.
B)American Indians were the preferred source of workers.
C)Chester A.Arthur was foreign-born and not a real U.S.citizen.
D)religion had no place in the public sphere.
E)immigrants threatened traditional American culture.

Question 22

One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of:

A)the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
B)the stock market.
C)the commodity price index.
D)housing starts in 1891 and 1892.
E)President Cleveland to regulate the railroads.

Question 23

During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884,many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because:

A)they would not vote for a woman as vice president.
B)the Mugwumps had gained power within the party.
C)letters were discovered linking candidate James G.Blaine to the railroads.
D)the party refused to take a firm stand on the tariff.
E)they would not vote for Grant to serve a third term.

Question 24

Around 1900,saloons did all of the following EXCEPT:

A)offer mail services.
B)provide public restrooms for poor people.
C)serve alcohol.
D)provide refuges for the homeless.
E)serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women.

Question 25

The Supreme Court decision Munn v.Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because:

A)it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare.
B)it upheld the sweeping power of the federal government to regulate any industry in any fashion it saw fit.
C)it denied the federal government any power to regulate any industry.
D)it upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public interest.
E)it decided that all government regulatory power over industry rested with city and town governments.

Question 26

Facing severe restrictions on their free time,married working women often:

A)spent their days totally alone.
B)found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities.
C)divorced their husbands and abandoned their children.
D)ran for political office to change the laws that hurt them.
E)settled for having pets.

Question 27

Mugwumps were centered in:

A)the land grant colleges across the country.
B)the agricultural colleges of the South.
C)the Far West and major universities.
D)the Midwest and small colleges.
E)large cities and major universities in the Northeast.

Question 28

Middle- and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time:

A)together at home playing games or reading books.
B)in saloons.
C)working long hours at menial jobs for very low wages.
D)traveling out west.
E)helping poor people.

Question 29

Ellis Island was located right outside:

A)Boston.
B)San Francisco.
C)New York City.
D)Philadelphia.
E)Charleston.

Question 30

In the late nineteenth century,the least likely place you would find a woman spending her leisure time was:

A)at the movies.
B)on a bicycle.
C)at a saloon.
D)at a public park.
E)at a dance hall.

Question 31

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was significant in American immigration history because it:

A)sent all the Chinese immigrants in the United States back to China.
B)was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class.
C)was the first time Congress was unable to override a presidential veto of an immigration law.
D)denied citizenship to any Chinese born in the United States.
E)removed all restrictions from American immigration law.

Question 32

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act:

A)provided for appointments only in the postal service.
B)was signed into law by James Garfield.
C)was vetoed as "an unconstitutional intrusion of government into the private sphere" by Benjamin Harrison.
D)set up the first racial quotas for government service jobs.
E)provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams.

Question 33

After 1890,most immigrants were:

A)from northern and western Europe.
B)from southern and eastern Europe.
C)of Teutonic and Celtic origin.
D)from Mexico.
E)members of the professional class.

Question 34

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?

A)to expand American exports
B)to regulate railroads
C)to encourage increased imports of foreign goods
D)to boost the dairy industry
E)to clean up corruption in politics

Question 35

What do cholera,typhoid,and yellow fever all have in common?

A)They are all water-related diseases.
B)They are all air-related diseases.
C)They are all sexually transmitted diseases.
D)They are all food-related diseases.
E)They are all genetic disorders.

Question 36

Young,urban women eager for recreation frequented all of the following EXCEPT:

A)dance halls.
B)theaters.
C)amusement parks.
D)picnic grounds.
E)boxing matches.

Question 37

Commodity prices during the Gilded Age declined in large part because of:

A)rampant inflation.
B)overproduction and international competition in world markets.
C)"free-silver" policies.
D)low American tariff rates.
E)lazy farmers.

Question 38

What distinguished the Farmers' Alliances from the Granger movement?

A)The Grangers focused solely on social and recreational activities,while the Alliances focused solely on political action.
B)The Grangers supported "free-silver" economic policies,while the Alliances supported the gold standard.
C)The Grangers supported low tariffs,while the Alliances supported high tariffs.
D)The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers,while the Alliances were grassroots organizations filled with struggling farmers.
E)The Grangers were predominantly a wing of the Democratic party while the Alliances were predominantly a wing of the Republican party.

Question 39

The exclusion of Chinese immigrants:

A)came only after the exclusion of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
B)came only after the exclusion of immigrants from northern and western Europe.
C)was opposed by white workers in the Far West.
D)was supported by President Chester A.Arthur.
E)originally called for a ten-year term.

Question 40

Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election.How was he able to win the presidency?

A)Corruption by the political machines affected the outcome.
B)His opponent died before he could take office.
C)He ran in and won the 1892 election.
D)He earned a majority of the electoral votes.
E)The House of Representatives voted to overturn the election results.

Question 41

The main idea of reform Darwinism was that:

A)humans,made in the image of God,should not be included among the animals when discussing Darwinism.
B)government should not interfere with business.
C)cooperation,not competition,would best promote progress.
D)man continued to evolve according to Darwin's principles of natural selection.
E)for society to truly reform,any "imitation" of welfare must cease.

Question 42

How did immigration to America change in the latter half of the nineteenth century,and what was the response to that change?

Question 43

Herbert Spencer:

A)coined the phrase "survival of the fittest."
B)was the influential president of Harvard University.
C)invented the modern game of basketball.
D)was the first person to earn a Ph.D.from an American university.
E)cowrote On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin.

Question 44

During the presidential election of 1892,the Populist candidate:

A)was a former Union army officer.
B)became Grover Cleveland.
C)won Colorado,Kansas,Nevada,and Idaho.
D)discovered the polio vaccine.
E)opposed a "progressive" income tax.

Question 45

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Jacob S.Coxey

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 46

Discuss the most serious public health challenges the urban population faced,how those challenges were addressed,and how effective the solutions were.

Question 47

Compare social Darwinism and reform Darwinism.What were the basic assumptions of each movement?

Question 48

William Graham Sumner:

A)wrote "The Gospel of Wealth," a social Darwinist justification for accumulated wealth.
B)was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America.
C)argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs.
D)wrote System of Synthetic Knowledge.
E)preached that the law of God and the laws of nature were one and the same.

Question 49

What was the purpose of the "subtreasury plan"?

A)It promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation.
B)It reestablished the gold standard.
C)It reclaimed unused land from the railroads.
D)It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans.
E)It said that the national bank could pull supplemental cash from private banks.

Question 50

Describe the explosive growth of urbanization in the late nineteenth century.What factors led to this growth,and where did the largest growth take place?

Question 51

Describe how living in an urban environment impacted women's lives.

Question 52

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Chester Arthur

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 53

"Equal rights for all,special privileges to none" was the slogan of the:

A)Farmers' Alliance.
B)Democrats.
C)Southern Alliance.
D)Republicans.
E)Greenback party.

Question 54

During the depression of 1893,unemployment hovered around:

A)every industry,particularly construction.
B)20 percent.
C)50 percent.
D)as high as 75 percent in New York.
E)manufacturing jobs,but not the service sector.

Question 55

Realists' emphasis on closely observing everyday life grew out of:

A)transcendentalism.
B)reform Darwinism.
C)social Darwinism.
D)socialism.
E)the scientific spirit.

Question 56

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Oliver H.Kelley

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 57

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

A)Ward embraced "survival of the fittest," while Sumner embraced "survival of the smartest."
B)Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny,while Sumner argued the opposite.
C)Ward denied the existence of evolution,while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution.
D)Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress,while Sumner believed in competition.
E)Ward was a Democrat and Sumner was a Republican.

Question 58

Describe politics in the Gilded Age.What were the main issues? What factors influenced voters to be either Republican or Democrat?

Question 59

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
James G.Blaine

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 60

Mary Elizabeth Lease:

A)founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange).
B)was the presidential candidate of the Greenback party in 1892.
C)was a Kansas Alliance leader.
D)wrote the 1892 Omaha platform for the People's party.
E)was the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Charles W.Macune

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Charles Darwin

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
William Jennings Bryan

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
William Graham Sumner

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Lester Frank Ward

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Mark Hanna

A)was the chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)led a Populist protest that demanded the government provide work for the unemployed
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before the veto was overridden by Congress
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
I)founded the Grange
J)was McKinley's campaign manager