Deck 25: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Question 1

_____ are blood cells that differentiate into macrophages.

A)Monocytes
B)Neutrophils
C)Eosinophils
D)Basophils

Answer 1

Monocytes

Question 2

Only reduced ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) can be used in the formation of normal hemoglobin.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The _____ are granulocytes that contain granules of vasoactive amines, such as histamine, bradykinin, and serotonin.

A)neutrophils
B)eosinophils
C)monocytes
D)basophils

Answer 3

basophils

Question 4

The surface of the endothelium produces plasma protease inhibitors to resist clot formation.

Question 5

_____ are formed elements of the blood that are not cells, but disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments essential for blood clotting.

A)Monocytes
B)Platelets
C)Macrophages
D)Erythrocytes

Question 6

The effect of low albumin in plasma is:

A)clotting factors decrease, thus increasing the chance of prolonged bleeding.
B)fewer immunoglobulins are synthesized, thus impairing the immune function.
C)less iron is stored, thus increasing the incidence of iron deficiency anemia.
D)osmotic pressure decreases, thus water moves from the capillaries to the interstitium.

Question 7

In the clotting process, collagen provides a particularly strong stimulus to activate platelets.

Question 8

Two important characteristics that allow erythrocytes to function as gas carriers are:

A)biconcavity and permanent shape.
B)permanent shape and reversible deformability.
C)reversible deformability and biconcavity.
D)biconcavity and the presence of hyperactive mitochondria.

Question 9

Which statement about plasma proteins is false?

A)Plasma proteins provide clotting factors.
B)Plasma proteins transport triglycerides and cholesterol.
C)Plasma proteins synthesize complement proteins.
D)Plasma proteins create hydrostatic pressure.

Question 10

Serum is plasma that has been altered in the laboratory to remove fibrinogen or some other elements that is unnecessary in the sample.

Question 11

The most abundant class of plasma protein is:

A)globulin.
B)albumin.
C)clotting factors.
D)complement proteins.

Question 12

Erythrocytes:

A)contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
B)synthesize proteins.
C)change shape to squeeze through microcirculation.
D)are stimulated by erythrocyte colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF).

Question 13

Erythrocytes and platelets lack cell nuclei.

Question 14

Once activated, the clotting cascade is immediately controlled by counteracting anticoagulants.

Question 15

Aging causes major changes in blood composition.

Question 16

Platelets are not cells; they are disk-shaped cytoplasmic fragments.

Question 17

Erythropoietin induces the selective proliferation of proerythroblasts.

Question 18

Which characteristic of albumin is false?

A)Albumin retains sodium to maintain water balance.
B)Albumin provides colloid osmotic pressure.
C)Albumin is synthesized in the liver.
D)Albumin is a carrier for calcium and some drugs.

Question 19

What is the life span of an erythrocyte?

A)20 to 30 days
B)60 to 90 days
C)100 to 120 days
D)200 to 240 days

Question 20

Thrombocytes develop from megakaryocytes in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Question 21

Polycythemia at birth may indicate:

A)hypoxia in utero.
B)dysfunctional bone marrow.
C)congenitally absent spleen.
D)dehydration in utero.

Question 22

What is the life span of platelets?

A)10 days
B)30 days
C)90 days
D)120 days

Question 23

Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and maturation of erythrocytes?

A)Protein and niacin
B)Iron and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate
D)Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 24

_____ is used to correct the chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure.

A)Iron
B)Erythropoietin
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
D)Folate

Question 25

Which of the following shows a correct sequence in the development of erythrocytes?

A)Normoblast, reticulocyte, and basophilic erythroblast
B)Basophilic erythroblast, normoblast, and reticulocyte
C)Normoblast, committed proerythroblast, and reticulocyte
D)Committed proerythroblast, normoblast, and reticulocyte

Question 26

Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in the:

A)gut.
B)spleen.
C)bone marrow.
D)thymus.

Question 27

Removing the stomach with its parietal cells would prevent the absorption of an essential nutrient necessary to prevent which type of anemia?

A)Iron deficiency
B)Pernicious anemia
C)Folic acid deficiency anemia
D)Aplastic anemia

Question 28

The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by:

A)inhibiting thrombin and AT-III.
B)preventing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
C)shortening the fibrin strands to retract the blood clot.
D)degrading the fibrin within blood clots.

Question 29

The consequence of a splenectomy is that:

A)there is an increased level of iron in the circulation.
B)antibody production increases to improve immune function.
C)the number of defective cells in circulation increases.
D)the number of clotting factors increases.

Question 30

Plasmin's role in the clotting process is to:

A)stimulate platelet aggregation.
B)inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation.
C)prevent the conversion of prothrombin to degrade the fibrin within blood clots.
D)degrade the fibrin within blood clots.

Question 31

Recycling of iron from erythrocytes is made possible by:

A)transferrin.
B)hemosiderin.
C)apoferritin.
D)erythropoietin.

Question 32

The role of thromboxane A (TXA₂) in the secretion stage of hemostasis is to:

A)stimulate the synthesis of serotonin.
B)promote vasodilation.
C)stimulate platelet aggregation.
D)promote formation of cyclooxygenase.

Question 33

Which nutrients are necessary for hemoglobin synthesis?

A)Protein and niacin
B)Iron and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
C)Cobalamin (vitamin B12) and folate
D)Pantothenic acid and vitamin C

Question 34

Which blood cells are produced when stem cells are stimulated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

A)Neutrophils
B)Monocytes
C)Eosinophils
D)Erythrocytes

Question 35

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Endomitosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 36

Mature erythrocytes are removed from the bloodstream by the:

A)liver.
B)lymph nodes.
C)thymus.
D)spleen.

Question 37

Cells that destroy some types of tumor cells and some virus-infected cells without prior exposure are:

A)lymphocytes.
B)plasma cells.
C)megakaryocytes.
D)natural killer (NK) cells.

Question 38

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in hemostasis is to:

A)stimulate the release of fibrinogen to maintain the platelet plug.
B)stimulate the release of clotting factors V and VII.
C)cause vasoconstriction and stimulate platelet aggregation.
D)cause vasodilation and inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Question 39

Hemoglobin made from oxidized ferric iron (Fe³⁺) is called _____ and is unstable and lacks the ability to bind oxygen.

A)deoxyhemoglobin
B)oxyhemoglobin
C)methemoglobin
D)glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 40

During an infection, lymph nodes enlarge and become tender because:

A)of the proliferation of B lymphocytes.
B)the nodes are inflamed.
C)the nodes are filled with purulent exudate.
D)the nodes are not functioning properly.

Question 41

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Phagocytosis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 42

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Erythropoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 43

Match the macrophage to its location.
Liver

A)Kupffer cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 44

Match the macrophage to its location.
Skin

A)Kupffer cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 45

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hemostasis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production

Question 46

Match the macrophage to its location.
Nervous system

A)Kupffer cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 47

Match the macrophage to its location.
Kidney

A)Kupffer cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 48

Match the macrophage to its location.
Lung

A)Kupffer cells
B)Alveolar macrophages
C)Microglial cells
D)Mesangial cells
E)Langerhans cells

Question 49

Match the descriptions with the corresponding terms.
Hematopoiesis

A)Clotting
B)Red blood cell development
C)Red blood cell destruction
D)Platelet formation
E)Blood cell production