Deck 14: Power, conquest, and a World System

Question 1

Which of the following best explains the lack of resistance of Native Americans to European diseases?

A)Most Native Americans had never done hard labor before Europeans arrived and were not used to the stress.
B)Most Native Americans were unaware of the relationship between disease and sanitation.
C)Most Native Americans did not understand the germ theory of disease and so could not take preventive measures.
D)Native America lacked the agriculture and industrialization that fosters disease formation.
E)Native America lacked the domestic animals that were the original sources of many diseases.

Answer 1

Native America lacked the domestic animals that were the original sources of many diseases.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes the position of the Dutch East India Company?

A)The Company quickly took total control of most of Indonesia.
B)After a difficult beginning,the company was incredibly profitable until the end of the colonial era.
C)While it made enormous profits for its shareholders,the company was embroiled in wars and eventually went bankrupt.
D)The company sold shares to wealthy Indonesians and remains a powerful influence in that nation today.
E)Because it failed to make any profit,the company was disbanded within 50 years of its formation.

Answer 2

While it made enormous profits for its shareholders,the company was embroiled in wars and eventually went bankrupt.

Question 3

What role did disease play in European colonization?

A)It decimated native populations leaving little resistance to European incursion.
B)It decimated European explorers and left them unable to face native armies.
C)It caused the spread of disease and mutation of new forms that were more dangerous.
D)It made colonization more difficult,as Europeans had to bring doctors with them.
E)It had a minor role in colonization,although there were losses among both Europeans and natives.

Answer 3

It decimated native populations leaving little resistance to European incursion.

Question 4

The role of Europe in the history of African slavery can be best summarized as:

A)African slavery was invented by Europeans.
B)African slavery was not invented by Europeans but was practiced by them on a very large scale.
C)Europeans made extensive use of slave labor in Europe.
D)The presence of Europeans in the African slave trade generally improved the treatment of slaves.
E)European powers enslaved far fewer Africans than did non-Europeans.

Question 5

The critical thing that created the demand for African slaves in the Americas was:

A)Mining.
B)Growing sugar.
C)Construction of roads.
D)Missionary work.
E)Fishing and whaling.

Question 6

The pace of change over the past several centuries has been:

A)Enormous,with innovation occurring at quicker and quicker rates.
B)Constant,with innovation occurring at a steady rate.
C)Static,with little innovation occurring
D)Sporadic,with intermittent occurrences of innovation.
E)There are no reliable statistics to gauge such an abstract idea.

Question 7

The authors of the book argue that the critical factor that led to the victory of the Spanish over the Aztecs in 1521 was that:

A)The Aztecs thought that the Spanish were gods.
B)Aztec legend had foretold the coming of disaster "From the East."
C)The Aztecs were afraid of the Spanish horses,having never seen anything like them before.
D)The Aztecs had been decimated by a smallpox epidemic and lost half of their number.
E)The Aztecs did not understand that the Spanish intended to conquer them.

Question 8

Which of the following experienced the most radical change following European colonization?

A)The Belgian Congo.
B)Yemen.
C)India.
D)The Dutch East Indies.
E)The Americas.

Question 9

Which of the following probably had the greatest effect on cultures worldwide?

A)The collapse of the Roman Empire.
B)The Declaration of Independence.
C)The French Revolution.
D)The expansion of European influence.
E)The formation of the United Nations.

Question 10

The principal resource that Spanish Conquistadors sent back from the Inca Empire was:

A)Slaves.
B)Diseases.
C)Tobacco.
D)Gold.
E)Sugar.

Question 11

Which of the following contributed most to the development of slavery as an economic institution?

A)Monoculture plantations.
B)Silver and gold mines.
C)Development of Western frontiers.
D)Advanced shipping techniques.
E)Development of factory production.

Question 12

Who were the Heeren XVII (The Lords Seventeen)?

A)The admirals of the Dutch Navy.
B)The colonial governors of Indonesia.
C)The tax paid to the government to trade slaves.
D)The Dukes who partitioned Africa.
E)The directors of the Dutch East India Company.

Question 13

One thing that separates the Western expansion from empire building by previous peoples is:

A)The use of slavery.
B)The brutal exploitation of native populations.
C)The formation of colonies controlled by distant powers.
D)The widespread use of pillage.
E)The scale of the enterprise.

Question 14

National narratives are important to anthropology because:

A)Without them nothing could be known about a culture.
B)Listening to them gives us a deeper and broader understanding of the forces that make a nation.
C)People would rather hear stories than listen to facts.
D)They often focus on violence rather than celebrating development.
E)While they do not lead to a greater understanding of culture,they are often highly entertaining.

Question 15

In the early 1400s,a visitor from China to Europe:

A)Would have been concerned by the growing strength of the Catholic Church.
B)Would have been impressed by the speed with which technological innovation was taking place.
C)Would have been impressed with advances in medicine.
D)Would have thought Europe poverty stricken and backward.
E)Would have been impressed by the size and training of European armies.

Question 16

Colonialism differed from expansion by private companies in that:

A)European governments had military technology and private companies did not.
B)It often took the form of raid and pillage.
C)It involved the active possession of foreign territory by European governments.
D)European governments were involved in private companies but not in colonial enterprises.
E)Companies often wanted to spread European values but governments created colonies for purely economic reasons.

Question 17

Which of the following correctly characterizes a joint stock company?

A)It is led by a monarch.
B)It is usually controlled by a single wealthy individual.
C)Its goal is to return large profits to its shareholders.
D)It has a large interest in scientific exploration.
E)It supports the formation of colonies controlled by its mother country.

Question 18

Which of the following was considered a primary and key advantage to Europeans in their expansion?

A)Translators.
B)Guides.
C)New maps.
D)Education.
E)Disease.

Question 19

At current prices,what the Spanish looted of gold and silver from the Americas is valued at:

A)1 billion.
B)3 billion.
C)14 billion.
D)40 billion.
E)412 billion.

Question 20

Physical violence used in order to force natives people to give up resources is called:

A)Corvee labor.
B)Conquest.
C)Pillage.
D)Excavation.
E)Expansion.

Question 21

In colonies,education was most frequently aimed at:

A)Achieving universal literacy.
B)Educating the poor,who would then become backers of the colonial regime.
C)Training the people that Europeans thought were the most primitive.
D)Training the children of the elites.
E)Fostering creativity and independence that could lead to prosperity.

Question 22

The authors of this book argue that the critical factor that enabled Europeans to colonize successfully in the 19th century was:

A)Disease.
B)Mass production of weapons.
C)The solid support of their citizenry.
D)Democratic government.
E)An ideology that stressed bringing civilization to the savages.

Question 23

In newly established colonies,the most important role of taxes was:

A)To support the cost of the colonial government.
B)To provide an immediate profit for the colonizing country.
C)To extend central government control into small villages.
D)To pay the cost of building roads and bridges in the colony.
E)To force colonial subjects to work for Europeans or produce products they desired.

Question 24

The role of anthropologists in the debate over reparation is:

A)Always on the side of the culture seeking to get back an artifact.
B)Always on the side of the nation seeking to maintain current ownership of an artifact.
C)Equivocal,they not only understand the point of view of the artifacts original culture but also see advantages in not repatriating artifacts.
D)Anthropologists rarely have an opinion on this debate.
E)Anthropologists generally believe artifacts should be held by institutions that employ anthropologists.

Question 25

Which of the following had gained independence from European powers prior to World War II?

A)Countries in Asia.
B)Countries in Africa.
C)Nations under control of the USSR.
D)Nations in the Americas.
E)Gibraltar.

Question 26

Picking up the "White Man's Burden" meant:

A)Bringing civilization to the colonized.
B)Shipping slaves from Africa to the Americas.
C)Building factories and railroads.
D)Finding ways to invest the profits derived from colonialism.
E)Using force to control native populations under colonial rule.

Question 27

Corvee labor was:

A)Unpaid labor demanded by colonizers of native populations.
B)Work done by the French and other colonizers to improve conditions in their colonies.
C)Transporting the materials necessary for colonialism.
D)The portion of followers' labor redistributed by a chief or bigman.
E)A method used by colonizers to appease native populations.

Question 28

Which of the following was the key to making colonies profitable to colonial masters?

A)Corvee labor.
B)Increasing education.
C)Mass exploration.
D)Taxation.
E)Pillage.

Question 29

One effect of the economic and social policies of colonial regimes was:

A)Colonized cultures underwent radical alteration.
B)Europeans were able to learn and appreciate the cultures that were colonized.
C)Colonies rapidly became almost as advanced as colonizing nations.
D)To create a homogenized world culture.
E)To bring culture to primitive societies.

Question 30

European governments were often reluctant to colonize because:

A)They feared rebellion by the natives.
B)They believed in the "Rights of Man" and were morally opposed to controlling other peoples.
C)It meant building infrastructure and that was expensive.
D)They could rarely find people who wished to serve as officials in the colonies.
E)They feared that it would lead to interracial marriage and they were opposed to this.

Question 31

Which of the following was the most important impact of colonialism on anthropology?

A)Developing new theories.
B)Providing grant money for research.
C)Encouraging native peoples to become anthropologists.
D)Determining fieldwork locations.
E)Opening new universities.

Question 32

Most of the members of the original Tirailleurs Senegalais were:

A)Children of the poor.
B)Sons of chiefs.
C)Sons of merchants.
D)Slaves.
E)Among the most educated people in their culture.

Question 33

Corvee labor was a widespread practice in colonies until:

A)The American Revolution.
B)The Great War.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
E)The Cold War.

Question 34

The key element that differentiates the European conquest of the Americas from European actions in Africa and Asia is that:

A)European technology was clearly far superior to that of Native Americans,but they had less of an advantage over Asians and Africans.
B)European diseases decimated American populations,but had very little effect on African and Asian populations.
C)European populations were much higher than those of the New World but much lower than the populations of Africa and Asia.
D)Native Americans understood the Europeans as gods.Africans and Asians were under no such illusions.
E)Essentially there is no difference between the two.European powers were able to conquer and dominate wherever they went.

Question 35

The Chinese Bronze incident highlights a persistent controversy over:

A)British rights in China.
B)Racism.
C)Foreign affairs.
D)What constitutes art.
E)Ownership of historical objects.

Question 36

Where the European powers could not find ethnic groups with chiefs,they:

A)Permitted their colonists to settle.
B)Permitted democratic elections for chiefs.
C)Tended to place more of their officials "on the ground."
D)Tended not to colonize.
E)Created new ethnic groups and appointed chiefs.

Question 37

The Tirailleurs Senegalais were:

A)A police force used to patrol Dakar,the capital of Senegal.
B)The name for the French troops that were stationed in Africa.
C)Workers in gold mines in West Africa caught in a battle between the French and British.
D)A regiment of African troops drafted or enlisted into service in the French army.
E)African children who were forced into domestic service in French households.

Question 38

The profits of colonization primarily went to:

A)Shareholders of colonial companies.
B)The subject people (colonized).
C)The colonizing government.
D)Colonial taxpayers in both home country and colony.
E)Other colonies.

Question 39

In the early 20th century,a key function of education in the colonies was to do all of the following except:

A)Create leadership qualities in the local population.
B)Convince local children that they were inferior to those who had colonized them.
C)Convince subject people to buy products offered by the colonizing power.
D)Show colonial subjects that they (the colonizers)were offering something of value to the country they had taken over.
E)Create independence in the colony.

Question 40

Neocolonialism refers to:

A)The idea that although nations were no longer colonized,many institutions of colonialism remained.
B)A new form of colonialism in the 21st century.
C)The process of finding ways for America to maintain direct power in European nations post World War II.
D)The process of regaining lost culture in a formerly colonized nation.
E)The idea that strong cultural exchanges should be maintained between a formerly colonized nation and its colonizer.

Question 41

It was the expanding influence and power of eastern Asian states that probably had the greatest impact worldwide in the last several hundred years.

Question 42

Religion was one of the main forces that drove Europeans to explore and colonize.

Question 43

Taxation in the colonies allowed native people to become independent.

Question 44

Civilizing mission refers to the notion that colonialism was a duty for Europeans but did not benefit the colonized.

Question 45

The Elgin marbles have yet to be returned by the English government to the Greek government.

Question 46

Most nations in the Americas did not gain their independence until after World War II.

Question 47

Joint stock company refers to a firm that is managed by a centralized board of directors but is owned by its shareholders.

Question 48

Pillage was one of the main ways that Europeans transferred wealth from newly discovered areas to their home countries.

Question 49

Emperor Ch'ien Lung's response to a British delegation's attempt to open trade was positive and welcoming.

Question 50

The main reason for rapid European success in the Americas was disease.

Question 51

Anthropologists always side with the culture seeking repatriation of historical objects.

Question 52

While Europeans practiced slavery in Africa,they rarely forced other Europeans into any form of servitude.

Question 53

The earliest writing probably appeared 5,500 years ago.

Question 54

Decolonization in areas like the Congo was very peaceful and successful.

Question 55

Europeans could not have created colonies without the help of anthropologists.

Question 56

At one time or another,much of the world came under direct European colonization.

Question 57

European nations were often reluctant to create colonies because colonization was expensive.

Question 58

Once the Dutch started to trade in the Indian Ocean,they were rapidly able to establish thorough political control over Java.

Question 59

In 1926,the French abolished a law that permitted an annual draft of labor for their West African colonies.

Question 60

The French only used African conscripts in wars fought within Africa.

Question 61

Why is repatriation of historical artifacts controversial?

Question 62

Define pillage and give one example.

Question 63

Where did the Dutch East India Company primarily operate?

Question 64

How did paternalism benefit factory and mill owners in places such as Virginius Island in Harpers Ferry national Historical Park,West Virginia?

Question 65

What is corvee labor?

Question 66

Name two reasons for the rapid decolonization of the world after World War II.

Question 67

What is neocolonialism?

Question 68

What are the primary advantages of a joint stock company?

Question 69

Name two reasons that New World populations lacked immunity to diseases.

Question 70

What is a colony?

Question 71

Name two major differences between the American colonization experience and that of Africa and Asia.

Question 72

What were two functions of taxation in European colonies?

Question 73

What was meant by the concept of "White man's burden"?

Question 74

John Winthrop,one of the early governors of Massachusetts,declared that settlers had fair title to land because of vacuum domicilium.What does this mean?

Question 75

What is a "national narrative"?

Question 76

What three social institutions did Europeans use to make colonial pay for itself and render profit?

Question 77

What were the primary European goals of native education in the colonies?

Question 78

Name three factors that motivated European expansion worldwide.

Question 79

Who were the Tirailleurs Senegalais?

Question 80

Name four social and/or technological developments that aided Europe in expansion.