Deck 4: Techniques for Understanding Consumer Demand and Behavior

Question 1

The test statistic used to test the hypothesis of whether a regression coefficient is significantly different from zero, holding all other independent variables constant, is called a(n):

A)F-test.
B)autocorrelation test.
C)multicollinearity test.
D)t-test.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The ratio of the regression coefficient to its standard error is called:

A)t-statistic.
B)F-statistic.
C)partial F-statistic.
D)coefficient of determination.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A measure of how much the coefficient would vary in regressions based on different samples is called:

A)standard error of the estimated coefficient.
B)F-statistic.
C)partial F-statistic.
D)t-statistic.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The number of observations minus the number of estimated coefficients in a regression equation is called:

A)degrees of freedom.
B)variance.
C)standard error fo the regression.
D)none of the above.

Question 5

Cross-sectional data observed at several points in time is known as:

A)time series data.
B)panel data.
C)experimental data.
D)none of the above.

Question 6

In which of the following situations would reliance on expert opinion as a basis for a managerial decision be most preferred?

A)When the product can be packaged with a variety of price and quality combinations.
B)When the business in question serves as a supplier of inputs to other businesses, especially in multi-product situations where other strategies may be prohibitively expensive.
C)When the level of economic activity can have a significant effect on the demand for the firm's output.
D)When the product being marketed is relatively new.

Question 7

Regression analysis that analyzes the relationship between one dependent variable and several independent variables is called:

A)simple regression analysis.
B)correlation analysis.
C)multiple regression analysis.
D)cluster analysis.

Question 8

The approach to analyzing consumer behavior that asks consumers to rank and choose among different product attributes to reveal their relative valuation of different characteristics is called:

A)a direct consumer survey.
B)contingent valuation.
C)the hedonic estimation technique.
D)conjoint analysis.

Question 9

Data collected on the same observation unit at a number of points in time are called:

A)cross-section data.
B)time series data.
C)panel data.
D)none of the above.

Question 10

The least squares regression is based on:

A)maximizing the absolute sum of squares errors.
B)minimizing the absolute sum of squares errors.
C)maximizing the sum of squared errors.
D)minimizing the sum of squared errors.

Question 11

Which of the following approaches to understanding and predicting consumer behavior does not actually solicit any information from any potential customers?

A)Test marketing.
B)Conjoint analysis.
C)Analysis of historical data.
D)Expert opinion.

Question 12

An approach to analyzing consumer behavior in which consumer reaction to different prices is analyzed in a laboratory situation or a test market is called:

A)price experiments.
B)non-price experiments.
C)focus groups.
D)none of the above.

Question 13

Data collected on a sample of individuals with different characteristics at a specific point in time are called:

A)cross-section data.
B)time series data.
C)panel data.
D)none of the above.

Question 14

Which of the following approaches to understanding and predicting consumer behavior provides the most insight into how consumers can be expected to respond in an actual market setting?

A)Test marketing.
B)Conjoint analysis.
C)Analysis of historical data.
D)Expert opinion.

Question 15

All of the following are limitations of direct consumer surveys except:

A)the possibility that consumers' responses may not reflect their actual behavior in the market place.
B)the possibility of response biases because survey respondents may not want to reveal their true preferences.
C)the likelihood that respondents will deliberately and systematically mislead interviewers.
D)the possibility that the type of questions asked may unintentionally bias the respondent's answers.

Question 16

Regressional analysis that analyzes the relationship between one dependent variable and one independent variable is called:

A)simple regression analysis.
B)correlation analysis
C)multiple regression analysis.
D)cluster analysis.

Question 17

You have the following demand equation for a pack of cigarettes: Q = 200 - 0.30P with the average quantity 3 packs and average price $3.00 per pack.What is the price elasticity?

A)0)30
B)-0.30
C)1)0
D)-1.0

Question 18

Which of the following approaches to understanding and predicting consumer behavior depends primarily on the knowledge and experience of a firm's employees and its suppliers?

A)Direct consumer surveys.
B)Expert opinion.
C)Analysis of historical data.
D)Test marketing and price experiments.

Question 19

The coefficient of determination is defined as the:

A)ratio of the total sum of squared errors to the sum of squared errors.
B)ratio of the regression sum of squares to the sum of the squared errors.
C)ratio of the sum of squared errors to the total sum of squared errors.
D)none of the above.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The use of Census data is especially useful and cost-effective in targeted marketing.
B)Census data are considered more reliable than data collected via direct consumer surveys because people are more likely to provide accurate responses to government census takers.
C)While the use of census data in targeting marketing can provide relatively accurate information, experience has shown that it has the disadvantage of increasing marketing costs by a substantial amount.
D)While census data are considerably less expensive than data obtained via direct consumer surveys, they are also considerably less reliable.

Question 21

The coefficient of determination is .90, the number of observations is 30, and a multiple regression model using 2 independent variables is estimated.What is the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination?

A))8926
B))9000
C))7500
D))8000

Question 22

An estimated regression coefficient is 10 with a standard error of 5.The null hypothesis is that the partial regression coefficient equals one.What is the value of the t-statistic for testing the null hypothesis of the regression coefficient?

A)1
B)2
C)1)8
D)0)5

Question 23

The estimated regression equation is Y = 10 + 2.5X, if X =0 than the predicted value of Y is equal to:

A)12.5
B)10
C)2)5
D)7)5

Question 24

Reliance on expert opinion to predict consumer behavior has the advantage of being a relatively low cost approach to gathering information.In many situations, however, it is subject to several sources of bias that can undermine its reliability.

Question 25

A constant-elasticity demand function can be obtained by:

A)taking the logarithm of the dependent variable only.
B)taking the logarithm of the independent variable(s)only.
C)taking the logarithm of the dependent and independent variable(s).
D)taking the reciprocal of the dependent variable(s).

Question 26

Given the demand function in log-linear form: Q = 120 - 1.5P + 12ADV where Q = quantity, P = price, and ADV = advertising expenditures, what is the price elasticity?

A)1)5, inelastic
B)-1.5, elastic
C)120, elastic
D)12, elastic

Question 27

In a multiple regression problem involving two independent variables, if b₁ is computed to be +2.0, it means that:

A)the relationship between X₁ and Y is significant.
B)the estimated value of Y increases by an average of 2 units for each increase of 1 unit of X₁, holding X₂ constant.
C)the estimated value of Y increases by an average of 2 units for each increase of 1 unit of X₁, without regard to X₂.
D)the estimated average value of Y is 2 when X₁ equals zero.

Question 28

When using expert opinion, consumer surveys, test marketing, and price experiments to analyze consumer behavior, managers must consider whether the participating groups are representative of the larger population.

Question 29

Refer to Scenario 1.What is the total sum of squares?

A)3860.8
B)3718.9
C)141.9
D)None of the above.

Question 30

An estimated regression coefficient is 10 with a standard error of 5.The null hypothesis is that the partial regression coefficient equals zero.What is the value of the t-statistic for testing the null hypothesis of the regression coefficient?

A)1
B)2
C)0)5
D)5

Question 31

Refer to Scenario 1.What is the coefficient of determination?

A)1)000
B)0)000
C)0)037
D)0)324

Question 32

Refer to Scenario 1.Is the slope coefficient statistically different from zero?

A)No.
B)Yes.
C)Inconclusive.
D)None of the above.

Question 33

Refer to Scenario 1.What is the t-statistic for the slope coefficient?

A)3)04
B)0)94
C)0)30
D)4)46

Question 34

The range of values in which we can be confident that the true regression coefficient lies within a given degree of probability is called a:

A)prediction interval.
B)confidence interval.
C)logistic regression.
D)none of the above.

Question 35

The total sum of squares is 400 and the sum of squares errors is 100, what is the coefficient of determination?

A)25
B)0)75
C)1)00
D)0

Question 36

The coefficient of determination will range between what values?

A)0 and 1
B)-1 and +1
C)-3 and +3
D)none of the above

Question 37

Conjoint analysis employs an approach to consumer behavior that is similar to the economic indifference curve model.

Question 38

The F-statistic is an alternative measure of goodness-of-fit of an estimated regression equation and defined as the:

A)variation not explained by the regression equation relative to the variation explained.
B)variation explained by the regression equation to the variation not explained.
C)variation explained.
D)variation not explained.

Question 39

When using expert opinion, consumer surveys, test marketing, and price experiments to analyze consumer behavior, managers must consider whether the answers given in these formats represent actual market behavior.

Question 40

When using expert opinion, consumer surveys, test marketing, and price experiments to analyze consumer behavior, managers must consider how to isolate the effect of different variables that influence demand.

Question 41

The overall predictive power of the estimated regression equation is measured by the F-statistic.

Question 42

The intercept of the equation: Y = .09 + 1.5X is 1.5.

Question 43

What are the effects of two independent variables that are highly correlated? What can be done to remedy the problem?

Question 44

Adjusted R² gives the actual percentage of the variation in the dependent variable explained by the regression model.

Question 45

The t-test is used to test hypotheses concerning the individual regression coefficients.

Question 46

Cross-section data observed at several points in time are called inverted data.

Question 47

The coefficient of determination is the proportion of the variation that is not explained by the regression model.

Question 48

Regression analysis is used for prediction, while correlation analysis is used to measure the strength of the association between two variables.

Question 49

Refer to Scenario 2.What percentage of the variation in the dependent variable, Market Value, is explained by the regression model?

Question 50

Least squares regression minimizes the sum of the absolute errors.

Question 51

The coefficient of determination represents the ratio of the regression sum of squares to the total sum of squares.

Question 52

Price elasticities tend to be higher, the greater the number of substitutes.

Question 53

The degrees of freedom in a regression equation is the number of observations minus the number of estimated coefficients.

Question 54

Refer to Scenario 2.What is the estimated regression equation for determining the market value of houses?

Question 55

Refer to Scenario 2.If the age of a house is 25 years with 1,500 square feet, what is the estimated market value of the house?

Question 56

Adding an independent variable to a regression model will always reduce the coefficient of determination.

Question 57

Log-linear demand function is also called a constant-elasticity demand function.

Question 58

The statistical significance of the slope coefficient can only be tested using the F test.

Question 59

Briefly describe the three key points managers must consider when using expert opinion, consumer surveys, test marketing, and price experiments in analyzing consumer behavior.

Question 60

The total sum of squares equals the sum of squares of the variation explained by the regression and the sum of squares of the errors.

Question 61

Refer to Scenario 2.What are the units of measurement for the standard error of the estimate?

Question 62

Refer to Scenario 2.If the age of a house increases by 1 year given that the square feet is held constant, what is the impact on the house's market value?

Question 63

Why are estimated models of demand and consumer behavior useful to managers?

Question 64

Briefly explain why empirical consumer demand studies such as Patrick McCarthy's study of automobile demand are relevant to managers.

Question 65

Elaborate on the statement "Every multiple regression analysis is influenced by the sample of the data used."

Question 66

Refer to Scenario 2.By examining the t-statistics associated with the regression coefficients, at the 5 percent significance level, which of the two independent variables are statistically different from zero?

Question 67

Refer to Scenario 2.Based on the 95 percent confidence intervals for each of the partial regression coefficients, which independent variable is statistically different from zero and why?