Deck 3: Cardiopulmonary Symptoms

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms does not explain why patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a poor cough?

A)Weak muscles of breathing
B)Increased elastic recoil
C)Airway obstruction
D)Glottis function failure

Answer 1

Increased elastic recoil

Question 2

Hemoptysis in a patient with sudden onset of chest pain who is at risk for venostasis is suggestive of which of the following conditions?

A)Pneumonia
B)Pulmonary embolism
C)Myocardial infection
D)Atelectasis

Answer 2

Pulmonary embolism

Question 3

In the presence of nausea and vomiting, a history of cirrhosis of the liver suggests which of the following organs as the source of hematemesis?

A)Kidneys
B)Duodenum
C)Esophagus
D)Liver

Answer 3

Esophagus

Question 4

Which of the following is the best definition of sputum?

A)Secretions
B)Thick tenacious secretions
C)Secretions from the lungs and lower airways
D)Secretions from the nose, mouth, and tracheobronchial tree

Question 5

Excessive sputum production is associated with all the following conditions except:

A)Allergies.
B)Cigarette smoking.
C)Airway infection.
D)Pleural infection.

Question 6

Dyspnea tends to occur when which of the following is present?

A)Work of breathing that is adequate for a given level of exertion
B)Decrease in ventilatory drive to breathe
C)Increase in ventilatory capacity
D)Increase in ventilatory drive to breathe

Question 7

Which of the following sequences of events best describes the cough mechanism?

A)Inspiration, closure of glottis, forceful opening of glottis
B)Opening of glottis, relaxation of diaphragm, closure of glottis
C)Inspiration, forceful opening of glottis, contraction of diaphragm
D)Opening of glottis, contraction of diaphragm, explosive release of trapped intrathoracic air

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is believed to be the most common cause of hemoptysis?

A)Tuberculosis
B)Erosive bronchitis
C)Bronchogenic carcinoma
D)Pneumonia

Question 9

Which of the following is not a complication of forceful coughing?

A)Rib fracture
B)Pneumothorax
C)Pleural effusion
D)Torn chest muscle

Question 10

Which of the following diseases is one of the most common causes of chronic dyspnea in adults?

A)Asthma
B)Bronchiolitis
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 11

Which of the following definitions is consistent with massive hemoptysis?

A)400 mL in 3 hours
B)400 mL in 12 hours
C)600 mL in 48 hours
D)600 mL in 72 hours

Question 12

Breathing at a rate and depth in excess of the body's metabolic need is known as:

A)Hyperventilating.
B)Hyperpnea.
C)Platypnea.
D)Psychogenic dyspnea.

Question 13

What term is used to describe secretions strictly from the lungs and lower airways?

A)Phlegm
B)Sputum
C)Mucus
D)Empyema

Question 14

Which of the following grading systems is useful in qualifying the degree of dyspnea?

A)Murray lung injury score
B)Modified Borg scale
C)Dubowitz score
D)Asthma score

Question 15

Which of the following terms best describes foul-smelling sputum?

A)Fetid
B)Mucoid
C)Purulent
D)Mucopurulent

Question 16

Which of the following conditions is not associated with a characteristic "hacking" cough?

A)Smoking
B)Viral infection
C)Nervous habit
D)Lung cancer

Question 17

Dyspnea is defined as:

A)A visible increase in the work of breathing.
B)An increase in respiratory rate and depth.
C)Breathlessness as perceived by the patient.
D)Difficulty breathing in the upright position.

Question 18

All of the following conditions are associated with acute dyspnea in children except:

A)Asthma.
B)Cystic fibrosis.
C)Bronchiolitis.
D)Croup.

Question 19

A patient presents in the emergency department with blood-tinged sputum.The term associated with such sputum is:

A)Gelatinous.
B)Hemoptysis.
C)Hematemesis.
D)Mucopurulent.

Question 20

Chronic productive cough is caused most commonly by which of the following clinical conditions?

A)Postnasal drip
B)Viral infection
C)Upper airway infection
D)Bronchopulmonary disease

Question 21

The presence of early morning headache may be caused by which of the following conditions?

A)Hypoglycemia
B)Anoxia
C)Hypoxemia
D)Hypercapnia

Question 22

You are a respiratory therapist working in a pediatrician's office.You see a 16-year-old girl who presents with two chief complaints but otherwise appears to be healthy.The complaints are (1) extremely heavy menstrual bleeding and (2) severe dyspnea following relatively mild exercise.The dyspnea has been getting progressively worse over the past 3 months.Which of the following laboratory studies would you suggest to the physician in order to determine the cause of the dyspnea?

A)Pulmonary function studies
B)Hemoglobin and hematocrit studies
C)Sputum culture and sensitivity studies
D)Chest x-ray

Question 23

A patient is being evaluated for surgery.The therapist hears rales in the lung bases and notes prominent swelling of the ankles.She presses a finger into the edema and notices that a depression remains when she lifts her finger away.The depression is clearly visible for slightly more than 1 minute.This would be classified as pitting edema:

A)1+.
B)2+.
C)3+.
D)4+.

Question 24

The peak incidence of snoring in adult males occurs at ages _____ years.

A)60 to 64
B)50 to 59
C)51 to 55
D)45 to 50

Question 25

Snoring is caused by all of the following except:

A)Excessive daytime sleepiness.
B)Obesity.
C)Excessive alcohol consumption.
D)Use of sleeping medications.

Question 26

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as reflux that occurs more than:

A)Twice a month.
B)Once a month.
C)Twice a week.
D)Once a week.

Question 27

A patient comes to the emergency department following an episode of unexpected fainting (syncope).In order to determine the potential cause, all of the following could contribute valuable information except:

A)A sensation of an irregular heartbeat or history of cardiac arrhythmias.
B)The medications taken.
C)The activities at the time of the episode.
D)The time of day.

Question 28

The presence of anasarca is associated commonly with which of the following conditions?

A)Dyspnea
B)Edema
C)Hepatomegaly
D)Pleural effusion

Question 29

A patient presents at the physician's office with a complaint of severe, aching pain in her right leg.An examination of the patient's lower body reveals that the right ankle is badly bruised and severely swollen.The patient states that she fell 2 days ago and "sprained" her ankle but did not seek medical attention at that time.She has been mostly either sitting or lying down since the accident.Her leg pain and swelling could be due to:

A)Her sprained ankle.
B)Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in her right leg.
C)A side effect from the bruising.
D)All of the above.

Question 30

Gastroesophageal reflux is caused by:

A)High activity levels in gastric muscles.
B)Blockage of the duodenum.
C)Abnormal opening of the pyloric sphincter.
D)Abnormal opening of the cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter.

Question 31

An inability to breathe while lying down is known as:

A)Dyspnea.
B)Platypnea.
C)Orthopnea.
D)PND.

Question 32

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is associated commonly with which of the following conditions?

A)Asthma
B)COPD
C)CHF
D)Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 33

What is the most common manifestation of infection in a patient with pulmonary disease?

A)Fever
B)Cough
C)Diaphoresis
D)Increased sputum production

Question 34

Cough syncope is associated most often with which of the following types of patients?

A)Middle-aged men with underlying COPD
B)Pregnant women
C)Children with asthma
D)Older obese men with diabetes

Question 35

What is the difference between pleuritic and nonpleuritic chest pain?

A)Pleuritic pain is inspiratory; nonpleuritic pain is expiratory.
B)Pleuritic pain is sharp and stabbing; nonpleuritic pain is dull and crushing.
C)Pleuritic pain usually involves the pleura; nonpleuritic pain involves the lungs.
D)Pleuritic pain involves the lung itself; nonpleuritic pain involves the chest wall.

Question 36

A sharp, "viselike" chest pain radiating usually down the left arm and possibly spreading to the shoulders, neck, and jaw is called:

A)Pleuritic pain.
B)Thoracic pain.
C)Angina.
D)Epigastric pain.

Question 37

All the following pulmonary conditions are associated with syncope except:

A)Pulmonary embolism.
B)Prolonged bouts of coughing.
C)Hyperoxia.
D)The Valsalva maneuver.

Question 38

Chest pain is the cardinal symptom of which of the following diseases?

A)Heart disease
B)Pleural disease
C)Chest wall disease
D)Neuromuscular disease

Question 39

A patient who appears emaciated presents to the emergency department with a history of low-grade, intermittent, afternoon fevers; frequent, paroxysmal bouts of coughing; hemoptysis; and night sweats.The following should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis (a list of possible disease states that could account for the observed signs and symptoms):

A)Tuberculosis
B)Pneumonia
C)Some types of cancers (e.g., lymphoma)
D)All of the above

Question 40

Which of the following conditions is often associated with right heart failure?

A)Organomegaly
B)Hepatomegaly
C)Loud A2 heart sound
D)Shallow breathing