Deck 21: Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

Otitis externa is caused most often by

A) Streptococcus pyogenes
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) two of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Pharyngitis is most often caused by

A) a virus
B) Streptococcus pyogenes Group A
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Corynebacterium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Acute epiglottitis is invariably caused by

A) a virus
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Corynebacterium pseudoinfluenzae
D) Haemophilus influenzae type B

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following statements about pneumonia is incorrect?

A) helminths can cause pneumonia
B) walking pneumonia is caused by Legionella pneumophilia
C) chemicals and radiation can cause pneumonia
D) walking pneumonia cannot be prevented by vaccination

Question 5

The mucociliary escalator

A) leads to aspirations of secretions that can cause pneumonia
B) allows materials in the bronchi to be lifted to the pharynx
C) is a ring of lymphoid tissue that surrounds the pharynx
D) two of the above

Question 6

Which is characterized by a pseudomembrane forming in the throat?

A) Diphtheria
B) Pertussis
C) Pharyngitis
D) Laryngitis

Question 7

Sinusitis can be caused by

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) all of the above

Question 8

If pathogens evade the non-specific immune system of the upper respiratory tract and enter the alveoli,_______ can protect the body from infection.

A) histiocytes
B) macrophages
C) NK cells
D) Goblet cells

Question 9

Which of the following are used in the treatment or prevention of diphtheria?

A) antibiotics
B) vaccination
C) antitoxin
D) all of the above

Question 10

Which of the following can evade the killing power of macrophages and replicate in them?

A) Mycobacterium
B) Streptococcus
C) Coccidioides immitis
D) two of the above

Question 11

Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to pneumonia?

A) sinusitis
B) bronchitis
C) pharyngitis
D) epiglottitis

Question 12

Which of the following statements related to Rhinoviruses is incorrect?

A) Rhinoviruses grow best at 33 - 34ᵒC.
B) Antibiotics are not useful in treating the common cold.
C) There are at least 113 different Rhinoviruses.
D) Rhinoviruses are very resistant to acid.

Question 13

Pharyngitis is described as

A) a sore throat
B) a strep throat
C) a viral infection
D) a fungal infection

Question 14

The etiology of the common cold is

A) Parainfluenza virus
B) Rhinoviruses
C) Adenoviruses
D) all of the above

Question 15

Otitis media is caused most often by

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Haemophilus influenzae
D) two of the above

Question 16

The upper respiratory tract consists of the

A) pharynx
B) nasal cavity
C) primary bronchi
D) two of the above

Question 17

Which of the following statements about normal microflora of the respiratory system is incorrect?

A) The presence of Haemophilus in the pharynx does not indicate disease.
B) About 1/3 of the population carries Staphylococcus aureus in their nasal cavity.
C) Coccidioides immitis is a harmless part of the microflora.
D) Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus can easily spread it to other individuals.

Question 18

Middle ear infections are common in children because

A) they do not secrete cerumen
B) their tympanic membranes are thinner than in adults
C) their Eustachian tubes are shorter and wider
D) two of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements about diptheria is incorrect?

A) A prophage carries the exotoxin producing gene.
B) An epidemic of diphtheria killed numerous people in the former Soviet Union.
C) The bacteria are Gram-negative rods.
D) The bacteria are in a palisade arrangement and have metachromatic granules.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about streptococcal pharyngitis is incorrect?

A) Dogs and other family pets can be carriers of Streptococcus pyogenes.
B) Diagnosis takes at least 24 hours for the culture results to be reported.
C) Clinically the throat is inflamed and the adenoids and lymph nodes in the neck swell.
D) If treatment is delayed, rheumatic fever may develop.

Question 21

The paroxysmal stage of whooping cough is characterized by

A) mild, dry, persistent cough
B) a migraine headache
C) violent coughing
D) pseudomembrane forming in throat

Question 22

Primary atypical pneumonia is caused by

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae
B) Mycobacterium pneumoniae
C) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 23

Influenza exhibits antigenic drift which involves

A) mutations in genes for hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
B) gene reassortment due to multiple viral infections
C) mutations in envelope phospholipids
D) mutations in capsid proteins

Question 24

Tubercules

A) are white patches seen on chest x-rays of TB patients
B) undergo destruction giving a cheesy, caseous appearance
C) contain live Mycobacterium
D) all of the above

Question 25

Bronchial pneumonia differs from lobar pneumonia in

A) it only affects old people
B) it starts as a secondary infection
C) it lacks the fibrin deposits
D) two of the above

Question 26

Consumption is another name for

A) over-eating
B) diphtheria
C) tuberculosis
D) pneumonia

Question 27

Pneumonia can be caused by

A) bacteria
B) viruses
C) fungi
D) all of the above

Question 28

Legionellosis is controlled by

A) vaccine administration
B) limited exposure to infected patients
C) regular disinfection of aerosolized water sources
D) prophylactic antibiotic treatment

Question 29

The following statements about tuberculosis are all true except

A) Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare causes TB in AIDS patients
B) the pathogens have long generation time (12-18 hours)
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the most common causative agent
D) the pathogens are very sensitive to drying and die quickly in the environment

Question 30

Which of the following statements about prevention of whooping cough is false?

A) DTP contains the acellular Pertusis vaccine (Recombinant DNA vaccine)
B) the whole cell vaccine caused a number of children to die or have brain damage
C) the acellular vaccine is safer
D) babies are immunized early because they have no passive immunity from their moms.

Question 31

The etiology of whooping cough is

A) Rhinovirus
B) Bordatella pertussis
C) Corynebacterium
D) Haemophilus

Question 32

Treatment of choice for TB is

A) erythromycin and penicillin
B) isoniazid and rifampin
C) purified protein derivative
D) cold fresh air

Question 33

Cyanosis,which may occur during whooping cough,is

A) a fainting spell
B) a vomiting incident
C) a bluing of the skin
D) formation of a red rash

Question 34

Whooping cough treatment includes

A) administration of antitoxin
B) erythromycin
C) supportive treatment for symptoms
D) all of the above

Question 35

Pontiac fever is a mild form of

A) tuberculosis
B) pneumonia
C) legionellosis
D) diphtheria

Question 36

Legionellosis is a form of pneumonia that differs from classical pneumonia in that

A) patients have an abnormal chest X-ray
B) there is major organ (liver, kidney) involvement
C) the causative agent is a virus
D) patients have fever with chills

Question 37

The major etiology of lobar pneumonia is

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Klebsiella pneumoniae
D) two of the above

Question 38

Treatment for Mycoplasma pneumonia includes

A) azithromycin
B) fluroquinolone
C) penicillin
D) two of the above

Question 39

The presence of Bordatella pertussis is confirmed by

A) beta colonies on a blood agar plate
B) sensitivity to penicillin
C) a reddish pigmented colony
D) a fluorescent antibody stain

Question 40

Prevention of pneumonia is difficult because

A) the vaccine only protects against 23 strains
B) the vaccine covers all the strains, but boosters must be administered
C) there is no vaccine
D) the vaccine is only given to adults

Question 41

Which statement about the normal microflora of the respiratory system is incorrect?

A) below the larynx the microflora is resident while above it the microflora is transient
B) healthy lungs are usually sterile
C) the pharynx has the same microflora as the mouth
D) the upper respiratory tract has a normal microflora similar to that of skin

Question 42

Lung fluke infection is associated with

A) Paragonimus westermani
B) larvae maturing in bronchioles
C) chronic cough, bloody sputum and difficulty breathing
D) all of the above

Question 43

Which fungal infection leads to an allergic asthmatic response?

A) Aspergillosis
B) Blastomycosis
C) Cryptococcosis
D) Histoplasmosis

Question 44

How was the great flu pandemic of 1918 different from other influenza epidemics? What is the difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift? What virus do you believe the next deadly pandemic flu strain will come from?

Question 45

Spelunkers are cave-exploring enthusiasts; to what fungal pathogen might they become exposed?

A) Coccidioides immitis
B) Cryptococcus neoformans
C) Histoplasma capsulatum
D) Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 46

Respiratory syncytial virus

A) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants under 1 yr of age
B) is a pneumonia-like disease transmitted to humans by birds
C) usually a skin disease but sometimes disseminated to the lungs
D) two of the above

Question 47

Pleurisy is

A) an inflammation of the pleural membranes that causes painful breathing
B) characterized by fever, sneezing, vomiting and a mild dry persistent cough
C) another name for the common cold
D) an opportunistic fungal infection

Question 48

Ornithosis

A) is transmitted to humans from birds
B) survives for long periods outside of cells
C) can be transmitted aerially as well as by ticks
D) is especially common in cattle- and sheep-raising areas

Question 49

Tuberculosis is one of the most prevalent and dangerous diseases in the world and its incidence is on the increase. Why is Mycobacterium tuberculosis such a widespread respiratory pathogen? Describe factors that contribute to the increase in its incidence.

Question 50

A friend calls and says he thinks he has the flu,because he has a runny,stuffy nose and has been sneezing quite a bit. You tell him it sounds like a cold,not the flu. Compare and contrast four of the symptoms of the common cold and influenza for him.

Question 51

Parasitic lung fluke disease can be prevented by

A) treatment with amphotericin B
B) cooking shellfish before eating
C) vaccination when in endemic parts of the world
D) cooking meat products before eating

Question 52

Amphotericin B is used to treat serious systemic fungal infections for all of the following except

A) Coccidioidomycosis
B) Cryptococcosis
C) Pneumocystis pneumonia
D) Aspergillosis

Question 53

Coccidioides immitis

A) causes San Joaquin Valley Fever
B) is part of the normal microflora
C) causes influenza-like illness but can disseminate to meninges and bones
D) two of the above

Question 54

Hantavirus

A) is transmitted in urine of infected mice
B) causes foamy sputum and rupture of alveolar septa
C) causes granulomatous lesions in lungs and spleen
D) two of the above

Question 55

Which bacterial species is responsible for Q fever?

A) Coxiella burnetii
B) Streptococcus pyogenes
C) Corynebacterium pseudoinfluenzae
D) Haemophilus influenzae type B