Deck 35: Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Question 1

In the diagram below of a leaf, which letter indicates dermal tissue?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A plant's root cap would be found

A)where the soil meets the air.
B)between the active growing area of the root and the soil.
C)within and just behind the active growing area of the root.
D)at the base of each root hair, near the main root.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Water and nutrients are taken up from soil by

A)guard cells.
B)root hairs.
C)root caps.
D)xylem in tap roots.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The typical leaf is broad and flat. This structure maximizes the amount of

A)light the leaf can capture for photosynthesis.
B)area available for the plant to absorb carbon dioxide.
C)area available for the plant to absorb water.
D)both a and b

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Plants rely on exoskeletons for support.
B)Plants rely on cell walls for support.
C)Plants rely on endoskeletons for support.
D)Plants do not require a support system.

Question 6

Chemicals that dissolve away a plant's cuticle typically result in the death of the plant as it loses its ability to

A)photosynthesize.
B)resist herbivore grazing.
C)retain water.
D)repair wounds.

Question 7

Which combination of conditions will cause a plant's stomata to open?

A)high moisture and daylight
B)high moisture and darkness
C)dehydration and darkness
D)dehydration and daylight

Question 8

The outer waxy covering on plants is called

A)dermal tissue.
B)the trichome layer.
C)the guard cell layer.
D)the cuticle.

Question 9

Dermal hairs are more common on plants living at high elevations because at higher elevations

A)fewer herbivores are present.
B)water evaporates quickly.
C)competition for space is more intense.
D)ultraviolet radiation is more intense.

Question 10

What observation would indicate that the thorns on a rose bush are actually modified stems?

A)the presence of stomata
B)vascular bundles arranged in a ring
C)a centrally located vascular bundle
D)the presence of a cuticle

Question 11

A tendril on a grapevine is a modified

A)leaf.
B)bud.
C)root.
D)stem.

Question 12

In terms of their energy needs, solar energy is converted to chemical energy primarily within the plant's

A)stems.
B)leaves.
C)roots.
D)flowers.

Question 13

Dermal tissues typically

A)regulate what enters and leaves the plant.
B)participate in wound healing.
C)transport food and water.
D)carry out photosynthesis.

Question 14

Examine the plant in the figure below.
The plant shown is most likely a dicot because of the presence of

A)a taproot.
B)veins within the leaves.
C)five leaves.
D)both root and shoot systems.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a function of stems?

A)positioning the leaves for photosynthesis
B)supporting the overall shape of the plant
C)water and mineral absorption
D)vertical growth

Question 16

Examine the diagram below of a root tip. Which letter in the diagram indicates the zone of cell division?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D

Question 17

While walking in the forest, you come across a plant with a flower that has three petals and leaves with parallel veins. You would classify this plant as a

A)dicot.
B)monocot.
C)tricot.
D)cotyledon.

Question 18

A cotyledon is the

A)food-storing organ found in the seeds of flowering plants.
B)embryonic root of a seedling.
C)reproductive organ of a plant.
D)type of ground tissue in mechanical reinforcement of stem structure.

Question 19

Worldwide, humans obtain more than 80 percent of their calories from

A)mosses.
B)flowering plants.
C)ferns.
D)conifers.

Question 20

Roots perform all of the following functions except

A)the transport of water.
B)photosynthesis.
C)the transport of nutrients.
D)the storage of food.

Question 21

In a plant leaf, photosynthesis occurs in the

A)collenchyma cells.
B)parenchyma cells.
C)sclerenchyma cells.
D)all of the above

Question 22

Sieve pores are a modification seen in vascular tissue that facilitate the movement of

A)water.
B)salts.
C)sugar and organic compounds.
D)dissolved minerals.

Question 23

Mycorrhizae are composed of

A)xylem and root hairs.
B)phloem and root hairs.
C)guard cells and fungal hyphae.
D)plant roots and fungal hyphae.

Question 24

Companion cells in plants

A)are found next to guard cells.
B)are found in phloem.
C)lie next to tracheids in xylem.
D)are the basic components of tracheids.

Question 25

The figure below illustrates how food is transported in phloem tissue.
At what step(s)during the movement of sugar does the plant provide metabolic energy?

A)steps 2 and 4, when water enters and leaves the phloem
B)step 1, when sugars are loaded into the phloem
C)step 3, when sugar diffuses into respiring cells
D)All of the steps require the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Question 26

Tracheids in plants are found in

A)phloem.
B)xylem.
C)root caps.
D)guard cells.

Question 27

Ground tissue in plants is found in

A)stems.
B)roots.
C)leaves.
D)all of the above

Question 28

In the figure below, the line with the arrowheads indicates the cell-wall pathway for an absorbed nutrient.
What structure actually regulates the entry of nutrients into the plant's interior?

A)the root cap
B)the plasma membrane of root hair
C)the plasma membrane of endodermal wall
D)the cell wall of root hair

Question 29

Which of the following "carnivorous" plants has (have)moving parts that help them capture prey?

A)Venus flytrap
B)the bladderworts in the genus Utricularia
C)pitcher plants
D)both a and b

Question 30

A benefit of using organic fertilizers over synthetic fertilizers is that organic fertilizers

A)supply energy to plant roots.
B)provide large quantities of potassium.
C)help soil hold water within which nutrients can dissolve.
D)help rid soil of harmful minerals.

Question 31

Why do some plants, like beans and peas, contain bacteria in compartments in their roots?

A)These "friendly" bacteria help the plant fight off disease-causing bacteria in the soil.
B)These bacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation and will provide the plant with nitrogen in exchange for carbohydrates.
C)Peas and beans form these compartments in their roots to block these bacteria from infecting the rest of the plant.
D)These bacteria increase the efficiency of root hairs' absorption of water.

Question 32

Within its vascular tissue, sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by the

A)guard cells.
B)central vacuoles.
C)plasmodesmata.
D)Casparian strip.

Question 33

The vascular tissue responsible for transporting sugars is known as

A)phloem.
B)xylem.
C)sclerenchyma.
D)collenchyma.

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of a plant tissue?

A)root
B)stem
C)leaves
D)vascular

Question 35

Vessel elements in plants are found in

A)guard cells.
B)root caps.
C)phloem.
D)xylem.

Question 36

A typical fertilizer contains no carbon because carbon is

A)not a plant nutrient.
B)obtained from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
C)produced when the plant metabolizes nitrogen.
D)plentiful in all soils.

Question 37

The uptake of nutrients by roots requires energy because the

A)concentrations of nutrients in the soil are greater than the concentrations in root cells.
B)concentrations of nutrients in the soil are much more dilute than the concentrations in root cells.
C)concentrations of nutrients in the soil and in root cells are equal.
D)root hairs are covered by a waxy layer.

Question 38

Like other organisms, plants are composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Based on this, which of the following would be a macronutrient?

A)zinc
B)copper
C)iron
D)carbon

Question 39

From root hair to xylem, which of the following describes the journey of water entering a plant?

A)cortex to endodermis to dermal cell layer
B)endodermis to dermal cell layer to cortex
C)cortex to dermal cell layer to endodermis
D)dermal cell layer to cortex to endodermis

Question 40

Like other organisms, plants are composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Based on this, which of the following would be a micronutrient?

A)carbon
B)zinc
C)oxygen
D)nitrogen

Question 41

Plants can generate the pressures needed to transport sugars produced by photosynthesis great distances by

A)manipulating concentration of amino acids in phloem.
B)active transport of water.
C)actively transporting sugars in phloem and cells.
D)building up high water pressures in root hairs.

Question 42

Most of the dry biomass of a plant comes from ____________________ absorbed from the air by its leaves.

Question 43

A plant with the arrangement of vascular bundles shown in the image below would be classified as a(n)____________________.

Question 44

To test whether plant secondary compounds enhance the immune system, 12 men stayed for 3 nights in a hotel where plant oils were wafted around the room. At the end of the experiment, scientists found that the men's immune functions were elevated as compared to their immune functions on a normal workday. To better understand these results, you might compare these results to the immune functions of the men after 3 days

A)camping in the forest.
B)in a hotel room without the oils wafting through the room.
C)sharing a hotel room.
D)of isolation from all other humans.

Question 45

The basic plant body consists of a root system and a ____________________ system.

Question 46

The presence of root hairs in the region of this root tip labeled with the letter A suggests that we are looking at the zone of ____________________.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of phloem transport?

A)Pressure in the sugar-loading zone is greater than pressure in the phloem-unloading zone.
B)Pressure in the sugar-loading zone is less than pressure in the phloem-unloading zone.
C)Pressure in the sugar-loading zone is equal to pressure in the phloem-unloading zone.
D)Pressure is not involved in phloem transport.

Question 48

In the xylem, water is transported

A)in "cables" of a sugary water solution.
B)as evaporation from leaves pulls water "cables" from the root.
C)as evaporation of "cables" pulls water from root hairs.
D)through concentrated sugar solutions in phloem.

Question 49

The most abundant plant cell type in ground tissue is ____________________.

Question 50

What best explains why sugar maple trees are tapped on the sun-warmed south side of the trunk?

A)Sap on the north side of the tree is still frozen in early spring.
B)During the summer most photosynthesis occurs on the south side of the tree.
C)The reaction rate for the enzymes that convert starch to sucrose is temperature dependent.
D)The sap expands as it is warmed and flows upward through the trunk.

Question 51

Some plants house bacteria in compartments in their roots. These bacteria benefit the plant because they are capable of performing ____________________ making the macronutrient nitrogen available to the plant.

Question 52

What process "powers" water transport from the root to shoot of a plant?

A)osmosis
B)nitrogen fixation
C)differences in pressure as a result of active transport
D)transpiration

Question 53

A tiny insect known as an aphid obtains nutrition by poking a mouthpart into the stem of a plant. Once the aphid's mouthpart is inserted, fluid from the plant is actually pushed through the digestive tract of the aphid by pressure. The mouthpart of the aphid has most likely penetrated the _____ of the plant.

A)xylem
B)phloem
C)companion cells
D)endodermis

Question 54

Why is it important that the cells of the phloem remain alive?

A)Active transport and osmosis require a functional plasma membrane to take place.
B)Transpiration depends on the presence of a central vacuole.
C)Photosynthesis only occurs in vascular tissue.
D)All the mitochondria in a plant are found in the phloem.

Question 55

Most aboveground plant growth occurs with the repeated addition of ____________________ units.

Question 56

Plants are protected from herbivores by ____________________ tissue, which also controls gas exchange.

Question 57

Plants have two types of vascular tissue: xylem, which transports ____________________, and phloem, which transports ____________________.

Question 58

Once sugars have been actively transported into the phloem,

A)the sugars move to other parts of the phloem by diffusion.
B)water is actively transported into the phloem to prevent diffusion.
C)water enters the phloem through osmosis.
D)pressure decreases in the phloem.

Question 59

The cells of the xylem are dead at functional maturity. This allows

A)osmosis into the xylem.
B)transpiration to occur in the stem.
C)the water molecules in the xylem to form a continuous column from root to shoot.
D)sugars to be actively transported into the xylem.

Question 60

Although plants require nine macronutrients, plant fertilizers typically provide just nitrogen, phosphorus, and ____________________.

Question 61

The type of plant tissue indicated by the letter A in the diagram below of a plant stem is ground tissue.

Question 62

Flowers are an example of a plant organ.

Question 63

A high-quality soil provides everything needed for plant growth.

Question 64

The difference in ____________________ between the sugar-loading zone and the sugar-unloading zone drives the long-distance transport of sugars through the phloem.

Question 65

____________________ are secondary plant compounds that evolved in plants to protect them from attack by fungi, bacteria, and insects and might enhance the human immune system.

Question 66

Most carnivorous plants obtain energy through photosynthesis; they consume insects to obtain ____________________.

Question 67

Essential oils from plants like peppermint and sage are used by plants as protection from bacteria, fungi, and plant-eating animals.

Question 68

To conserve water, desert plants may have leaves that are reduced or entirely absent, in which case the plant's stems can perform photosynthesis.

Question 69

The reason that the cell walls of tracheids are so thick is to prevent them from collapsing under the tension created by transpiration.

Question 70

A flowering plant with leaves containing parallel veins is most likely a dicot.

Question 71

The roots of a plant are covered with a waxy cuticle.

Question 72

____________________ is the evaporation of water from the surface of a leaf.

Question 73

Plants use microscopic muscles to push sugars through their organs.

Question 74

A carrot is an example of a taproot system.

Question 75

Many plants and animals move water and nutrients within internal vessels. Animals use the energy of muscle contraction; however, no metabolic energy is expended when water and minerals move within a plant's xylem.

Question 76

Aristotle showed that plants get most of what they need to grow from the air.

Question 77

Fibrous root systems have one predominant root and many smaller roots near the top of the main root.

Question 78

The tension produced during transpiration ____________________ [pushes or pulls] a column of water extending all the way to the roots through the xylem.

Question 79

Flowers, rather than leaves, develop when a small number of genes are turned on.

Question 80

Carnivorous plants are often found in habitats deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus.