Deck 11: Grouping by Gender, age, common Interest, and Class

Question 1

The following stages of life are _______________ which are passed through by members of North American culture: toddler,teenager,senior citizen.

A)age grades
B)age sets
C)social classes
D)castes
E)open classes

Answer 1

age grades

Question 2

An age _______________ is a category of people based on age (individuals pass through the categories which are identified as significant by their culture),whereas an age _______________ is a group that moves through the categories together.

A)group/grade
B)set/group
C)grade/group
D)grade/set
E)grade/group.

Answer 2

grade/set

Question 3

Among non-Western peoples,_______________.

A)the elderly are so prized as repositories of traditional wisdom that they are never abandoned
B)old people never retire from the statuses to which they are assigned as younger members of society
C)age statuses are more natural,closer to biological development,than are the artificial age statuses imposed by Western cultures
D)age is the primary organizing device
E)elders are treated with respect as "living libraries"

Answer 3

elders are treated with respect as "living libraries"

Question 4

_______________ are associations not based on age,kinship,marriage,or territory but result from a conscious act of joining.

A)Clans
B)Age sets
C)Common-interest associations
D)Age grades
E)Phratries

Question 5

A society composed of several groups that differ in their access to resources and prestige is said to be _______________.

A)stratified
B)unfair
C)immoral
D)egalitarian
E)open

Question 6

In _______________ there has been a recent decline in participation of common-interest associations of all types.

A)Australia
B)Northern Europe
C)Southeast Asia
D)South America
E)North America

Question 7

In a stratified society,_______________ that are indicative of social class are called symbolic indicators.

A)totems
B)activities and possessions
C)dialects
D)dreams
E)books

Question 8

Symbolic indicators may not always be reliable in helping you assess someone's class status.Which of the following is an example of this?

A)A common form of recreation of low-class males is playing pool at the local beer joint.
B)A con man from a lower-class background wears a tuxedo when he tries to sell you shares in a nonexistent corporation.
C)According to Emily Post,one can always identify upper-crust families by the presence of a Day Maid.
D)Demille O'Hara,striving to return to the simplicity of life as lived by his tribal ancestors,lets his Day Maid go.
E)b and d

Question 9

Age groupings in North America often lead to people _______________________.

A)being treated with great respect because of their wisdom
B)being considered to be as valuable as their weight in gold
C)being treated like "living libraries" that contain much needed knowledge
D)not considered sources of information;they tend to be ignored
E)retiring when they turn 65

Question 10

The gangs known as "Bloods" and "Crips" are examples of which of the following?

A)Age grading
B)Gender related common-interest groups
C)Age sets
D)Political problems
E)Common-interest groups

Question 11

The ability to change one's class position is _______________.

A)open class
B)egalitarian
C)mobility
D)indicative of common-interest societies
E)inevitable

Question 12

Which of the following groups would be an example of a common-interest organization?

A)Amnesty International
B)Parent Teacher Association
C)Kiwanis Club
D)the Crips
E)all of the above are examples of common-interest organizations

Question 13

Among the Iroquois,males and females performed different duties,but both were considered vital to the workings of the community.The women were settled in one place and the men nomadic,but when the men were in the village they lived with the women rather than in a separate men's house.You would expect the rate of rape in this society to be _______________.

A)high
B)low
C)unpredictable
D)high only when the men were conducting warfare
E)low when the women were nominating the men for political positions

Question 14

The seven named groups into one of which a Tiriki man is initiated over a fifteen-year period,and a graduating class to which an American college student is assigned when s/he enters college (e.g. ,the Class of 2007)are examples of _______________.

A)age groups
B)age grades
C)age sets
D)kinship groups
E)groups based on sex

Question 15

A(n)_______________ is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life.

A)clan
B)phratry
C)common-interest association
D)age group
E)caste

Question 16

A social _______________ is a set of families that enjoy equal or nearly equal prestige according to a system of evaluation.

A)phratry
B)kindred
C)class
D)set
E)group

Question 17

You are a member of a Ju/'hoansi hunter-gatherer band.Which of the following statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a stratified society?

A)Your father is a poor hunter.
B)You are a poor hunter.
C)Even though you are a poor hunter,you have as much right to receive food from your fellow band members as a good hunter does.
D)Because your father is a poor hunter,your hunting ability is nipped in the bud and not allowed to develop because you are not given access to the knowledge and training required to develop this ability.
E)All of the above.

Question 18

High rates of rape appear to be associated with societies in which the roles of males and females are highly segregated,and in which there are efforts by males to be dominant over women.Since this is true,we would expect the highest rate of rape to occur among the _______________.

A)Ju/'hoansi
B)Mundurucu
C)Iroquois
D)Mbuti
E)Hopi

Question 19

Among the _______________,the tasks of men and women were rigidly segregated but both were considered equal.The women lived in the villages as horticulturalists,whereas the men were nomadic hunters,fishers,traders,warriors,and diplomats.The men held positions of leadership,but the women decided which men would apply for these positions and could veto their decisions.

A)Ju/'hoansi
B)Iroquois
C)Mundurucu
D)Hopi
E)19th-century Europeans

Question 20

Which term is used to identify the act of (or ability to)willingly join any association,not based on gender or marriage?

A)voluntary association
B)voluntary mutation
C)voluntary realignment
D)voluntary transformation
E)voluntary evolution

Question 21

Among the _______________ of East Africa,the age group consisting of those initiated into an age grade for a 15-year period amounts to an age set.

A)Mundurucu
B)Jo'/hoansi
C)Onandaga
D)Tiriki
E)Azande

Question 22

In the U.S.which of the following groups have most recently struggled with their positions in the low-ranked strata of United States' social system?

A)German Americans
B)Anglo Americans
C)Latinos
D)American Indians
E)c and d

Question 23

_______________ in modern North American society is exemplified by the educational system,which specifies ages at which children must begin formal schooling.

A)Age sets
B)Grading levels
C)Age grading
D)Age segregation
E)Integration

Question 24

The _______________ is perhaps the world's longest surviving social hierarchy;it encompasses a complex ranking of social groups on the basis of ritual purity.

A)American social system
B)Japanese caste system
C)English system of royalty
D)Hindu caste system
E)Buddhist caste system

Question 25

In the U.S. ,any project requiring a federal permit or license,or using federal funds,by law must be preceded by a/an _______________.

A)needs assessment
B)archaeological assessment
C)cultural impact assessment
D)assessment of feasibility
E)social impact statement

Question 26

Upward mobility in social class is more possible _______________.

A)in societies with extended families
B)in societies that practice matrilocal residence
C)in polygynous families
D)in nuclear families with neolocal residence
E)in extended families with avunculocal residence

Question 27

Kinds of policy research frequently done by anthropologists are _______________.

A)needs assessments
B)ethnography
C)participant observation
D)social impact assessments
E)a and d

Question 28

When a fairly fixed membership,strongly endogamous,membership is ascribed,these attributes would describe which of the following?

A)joint family system
B)social class system
C)age set
D)caste system
E)age grade

Question 29

At the top of the caste system in India is the _______________ caste.

A)Carmars
B)Bhangis
C)Brahmans
D)Nai
E)Eta

Question 30

The degree of mobility in a stratified society is related to _______________.

A)the prevailing kind of family organization
B)its ideology
C)the number of different common-interest associations it has
D)the difference between its richest and poorest class
E)genetic factors

Question 31

Among the _______________ of the Amazon men not only work apart from women,but eat and sleep separately as well.

A)Mundurucu
B)Kapauku
C)Ibos
D)Iroquois
E)Dobu

Question 32

In societies like the _______________,many tasks men and women undertake may be shared,and people may perform work normally assigned to the opposite sex without loss of face.

A)Mohawk
B)Onondaga
C)Cayuga
D)Ju/'hoansi
E)Nuer

Question 33

Which of the following could have contributed to the emergence of social stratification?

A)The desire to dominate those around them
B)Certain descent groups may have monopolized activities that turned out to play an important role in their society (such as propitiation of the gods in a horticultural society exposed to unpredictable weather).
C)An ethnic group that enters foreign territory with an economic or military advantage (such as knowledge of intensive agriculture or possession of firearms)may become the ruling class within that area.
D)All human beings want to be looked up to by their fellow members of society.
E)all of the above

Question 34

Social classes are closed in _______________ where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as castes is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates.

A)China
B)Vietnam
C)the U.S.
D)Canada
E)India

Question 35

Societies that permit a great deal of _______________ are called open class societies.

A)marriage
B)education
C)common-interest association
D)integrity
E)mobility

Question 36

Experts predict that in the U.S.the population reaching elder status (senior citizens of 65 years and older)will swell to about ________ million by 2030.

A)25
B)15
C)70
D)50
E)85

Question 37

Social classes are manifested in which of the following ways?

A)through verbal evaluation
B)through patterns of association
C)through symbolic indicators
D)through status symbols
E)all of the above

Question 38

What is an eruv?

A)a Tiriki age grade of warriors
B)a Turkish volunteer organization
C)a Jewish space imbued with symbolic meaning
D)a Canadian political organization
E)part of the African Burial Project

Question 39

Elder status in the United States is becoming problematic because senior citizens 65 years and older now constitute nearly ________ percent of the overall population.

A)12
B)25
C)7
D)50
E)33

Question 40

Anthropologist _______________ was hired to carry out a social impact assessment of a water diversion project in New Mexico.

A)Sue Ellen Jacobs
B)Harald Prins
C)Alan Kolata
D)Margaret Boone
E)Fred Plog

Question 41

When males and females are given different roles to play,one of these roles is always ranked higher than the other (i.e. ,gender roles,when segregated,are always stratified).

Question 42

Being strong and healthy can be interpreted as a symbolic indicator of social class.

Question 43

The word apartheid,the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa,means ___________ in Afrikaans/Dutch.

A)superior
B)color
C)separation
D)ranking
E)better

Question 44

To be a Tiriki "warrior" is the equivalent of being an American college sophomore,in that both are age grades that individuals pass through.

Question 45

Anthropological evidence supports the statement that women are unsocial beings who prefer to belong to kinship groups based on sexual relations and reproduction rather than to associations based on common interest.

Question 46

The artists and laborers are members of the _______________ caste in the Indian system.

A)Shudras
B)Harijan
C)Vaisyas
D)Brahmans
E)Kshatriyas

Question 47

The director of the African Burial Ground Project was biological anthropologist _________________________.

A)Jennifer Thompson.
B)Bernardo Arriaza
C)Sheila Brooks
D)Michael Blakey
E)Clyde Woods

Question 48

The Dalits women's movements in India illustrates that even long-established practices can be __________________________________.

A)challenged
B)a good thing for society
C)practical
D)legal
E)essential

Question 49

The members of this Indian caste constitute a large pool of cheap labor at the beck and call of those controlling economic and political affairs.

A)Shudras
B)Dalits
C)Kshatriyas
D)Vaisyas
E)Brahmans

Question 50

The caste system remains deeply entrenched in Hindu culture and is still widespread throughout southern Asia,especially in rural India.

Question 51

Individuals born and raised within large-scale societies face the challenge of succeeding within a complex social structure that extends well beyond kinship.

Question 52

The _____________ provides an easier situation for mobility.

A)independent nuclear family
B)extended family
C)single parent household
D)blended family
E)female-headed household

Question 53

All human societies have some division of labor by sex.

Question 54

Which of the following is not a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the Indian caste system?

A)occupation
B)food habits
C)wealth
D)dress
E)ideas of purity and pollution

Question 55

Fewer than _______________ of slaves discovered in a New York burial ground had lived past the age of 55.

A)2%
B)10%
C)20%
D)7%
E)25%

Question 56

Most African slaves found in the burial ground in NEW York died before the age of _______________.

A)20
B)30
C)40
D)35
E)none of the above

Question 57

Dider Drogba hopes to bring positive change and reconciliation through ______________________________.

A)organized union strikes
B)being ambassador to South Africa
C)paid incentives
D)football diplomacy
E)governmental level peace talks

Question 58

Stratified societies are societies which are ____________________________________.

A)value-based structured
B)hierarchically structured
C)independently structured
D)elegantly structured
E)unequally structured

Question 59

In American society,age does not play a role in social organization.

Question 60

India's national constitution of 1950 abolished caste discrimination and the practice of untouchability,effectively doing away with the centuries old caste system.

Question 61

In a number of the world's traditional societies the opportunities for female sociability are so great that little need exists for women's associations.

Question 63

The African Burial Project confirmed what we already knew about slavery and brought forth very little new information.

Question 64

The eruv is a sacred Jewish ritual space.

Question 65

With the recent diversity and vitality of common-interest associations,observers have noted a recent increase in participation in all sorts of these groups,especially in North America.

Question 66

Division of labor along gender lines is common to all human societies.

Question 67

Match the culture with its characteristic.

Question 68

In North America,and other Western countries,women have finally achieved full parity with men in terms of income,status,and power.