Deck 9: Sex, marriage, and Family

Question 1

A residence pattern in which a married couple may choose to live in the husband's father's or wife's mother's place of residence is called _______________ residence.

A)avunculocal
B)neolocal
C)ambilocal
D)patrilocal
E)matrilocal

Answer 1

ambilocal

Question 2

A household composed of married people contains _______________ kin.

A)affinal
B)consanguineal
C)endogamous
D)nuclear
E)instinctive

Answer 2

affinal

Question 3

Because Nayar women live with their dependent offspring and their brothers,they are a(n)_______________ family.

A)conjugal
B)affinal
C)consanguineal
D)nuclear
E)patrilateral

Answer 3

consanguineal

Question 4

Although all societies have some kind of incest taboo,the relationship which is considered incestuous may vary.Concepts of incest seem to be related to a group's definitions of endogamy and exogamy,thus suggesting that incest taboos may help to promote _______________.

A)stability of the family
B)inbreeding
C)brother-sister marriages
D)parallel cousin marriages
E)cross-cousin marriages

Question 5

Ten percent (10%)of households in the United States are single parent and are home to _______________ percent of all children.

A)40%
B)30%
C)80%
D)10%
E)50%

Question 6

Families can be consanguine or conjugal.The conjugal family has many forms.One type of conjugal family is the _______________,consisting of the husband,wife,and dependent children.

A)polygynous family
B)polygamous family
C)polyandrous family
D)nuclear family
E)extended family

Question 7

The formation of sexual bonds between individuals of the opposite sex is called _______________.

A)marriage
B)mating
C)sororate
D)dowry
E)divorce

Question 8

The Nayar family is consanguine because _______________.

A)economic cooperation occurs between husbands and wives
B)husbands and wives fight all the time (they have a "bloody" relationship)
C)women live with their brothers,mother,and dependent offspring
D)it is acceptable for men to go outside the home and sleep with women who are not their wives
E)all of the above

Question 9

The author uses the Nayar of southwest India to illustrate that rules about sexual access can be highly variable.Nayar women _______________.

A)are married to their brothers
B)go through three transactions that define sexual eligibility,rights of sexual access,and legitimacy of children
C)live with their husbands after marriage
D)do not get married
E)do not have children

Question 10

In the United States today,_______________.

A)monogamy is the only legally recognized form of marriage
B)couples practice marriage but not mating
C)the mating patterns that occur are primarily monogamous
D)marriage is identical to mating
E)polyandry is the only legally recognized form of marriage

Question 11

When a mother says to her daughter,"I want you to go to college and meet someone who can support you in the style to which you are accustomed," she is conveying the idea that the daughter must marry someone outside of the immediate family-a concept of _______________.

A)exogamy
B)polyandry
C)endogamy
D)polygyny
E)levirate

Question 12

Two or more people related by blood,marriage,or adaptation is called _______________.

A)family
B)conjugal bond
C)endogamous group
D)nuclear family
E)serial marriage

Question 13

Detailed census records made in Roman Egypt show that brother-sister marriages among members of the non-royal farming class were common.What light does this shed on the incest taboo?

A)It proves that there is a biological basis for avoidance of inbreeding among humans.
B)It proves that incest is committed only among royalty.
C)It demonstrates that despite the human tendency to avoid inbreeding,it occasionally occurs and may even be preferred.
D)It supports Freud's psychoanalytic theory of the universality of the Oedipus complex.
E)It shows that humans are no different from chimpanzees.

Question 14

Marriage resolves the problem of how to bring sexual activity under _______________.

A)biological control
B)male control
C)cultural control
D)female control
E)mother-in-law control

Question 15

The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss says that the incest taboo is universal because _______________.

A)humans are instinctively opposed to inbreeding
B)humans repress their sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex
C)humans have learned to establish alliances with strangers and thereby share and develop culture
D)humans prefer to marry their brothers and sisters
E)humans do not like sex

Question 16

Among the Nayar,_______________.

A)a household is composed of a man,his wife,and their children
B)a household is composed of individuals joined by a conjugal bond
C)a household is composed of consanguineal kin
D)it is impossible to predict the residents in a household because a woman is constantly taking new lovers
E)a woman's children live with her husband

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the Nayar is correct?

A)When a Nayar girl reaches the age of menstruation,she leaves her home and goes to live with her husband.
B)The men to whom a Nayar woman is joined shortly before the time of her first menstruation become the legally recognized father of her children.
C)The men with whom a Nayar woman enters into formalized sexual relationships become obligated to support her and her children economically.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 18

Family members related through marriage have a/an _______________ relationship.

A)consanguineal
B)incestuous
C)affinal
D)endogamous
E)nuclear

Question 19

Marriage within a particular group of individuals is called _______________.

A)incest
B)exogamy
C)monogamy
D)endogamy
E)polygamy

Question 20

Two or more closely related nuclear families clustered together into a large domestic group is a(n)_______________.

A)extended family
B)conjugal family
C)extensive family
D)consanguineal family
E)affinal family

Question 21

If a bride becomes a member of her husband's household,she will contribute her labor and her children to her husband's group.What customs commonly accompany this type of arrangement?

A)The bride's family pays money to the groom's people.
B)The groom's family pays money to the bride's people.
C)The groom works for a certain period of time for the bride's family.
D)The bride's family expects to marry one of their sons to a woman in the groom's family.
E)All of the above except a.

Question 22

In some societies,if a husband dies and leaves a wife and children,his widow is expected to practice the custom called the levirate.This means that she is expected _______________.

A)never to marry again
B)to leave the group and return to her original home
C)to marry one of the dead man's brothers
D)to take a co-wife
E)to marry one of her sons

Question 23

Which of the following constitutes a culturally valid reason for divorce among many human groups?

A)sterility or impotence
B)cruelty
C)being a poor provider
D)being a lazy housekeeper
E)All of the above

Question 24

When the economy is based on _______________ and when the man does most of the productive work,the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion.Dowry is also a statement of her economic status.

A)food foraging
B)pastoralism
C)intensive agriculture
D)horticulture
E)industrialism

Question 25

When a culture allows a man to marry the daughter of his mother's brother,they are allowing a ______________________.

A)patrilateral cross-cousin marriage
B)matrilateral cross-cousin marriage
C)patrililineal cross-cousin marriage.
D)patrilateral marriage
E)patrilateral cross-cousin marriage.

Question 26

Marriage to more than one husband is called _______________.

A)monogamy
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)serial marriage
E)sororate

Question 27

Polygyny _______________.

A)means marriage to more than one man
B)is the most common form of marriage
C)is possible only when a man is fairly wealthy
D)is less common than polyandry
E)is an example of group marriage

Question 28

In which of the following circumstances would you expect to find the custom of bride price?

A)A bride and groom leave the community after marriage and set up their own household in a distant city or village area.
B)A bride and groom go to live with the bride's people.
C)A bride and groom go to live with the groom's people.
D)A bride and groom go to live with the bride's mother's brother.
E)None of the above.

Question 29

An example of group marriage would be _______________.

A)a pastoral nomad's wife who shares her husband and her work with another woman
B) the Moonies having a large wedding ceremony at which 500 couples are married at the same time
C)a prosperous member of the Kapauku who is able to afford a bride price for four wives
D)a hippie commune where adult members of the commune have sexual access to each other
E)a Nayar household in which a woman takes several lovers

Question 30

In Western societies between A.D.1000 and 1800 divorce was next to impossible,but few marriages lasted more than about 10 or 20 years,owing to ________________.

A)irreconcilable differences
B)high death rates
C)patrilineal societies
D)matrilineal societies
E)meddling mother-in-laws

Question 31

Among the _______________ same-sex marriage provide acceptable positions in society for individuals who might otherwise be marginalized.

A)Nayar
B)Nandi
C)Jo/hoansi
D)Paiute
E)Onandaga

Question 32

The most preferred form of marriage around the world is _______________.

A)polygyny
B)monogamy
C)polyandry
D)polygamy
E)the levirate

Question 33

The woman/woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa _______________.

A)enables a woman without sons to inherit a share of her husband's property
B)confers legitimacy on the children of a woman who had been unable to find a husband
C)enables the woman who adopts a male identity to raise her status
D)enables the woman who is the wife of the female husband to raise her status and live a more secure life
E)all of the above

Question 34

A woman marries and goes to live with her husband in his village.When her husband dies ten years later she marries her deceased husband's brother.This custom is referred to as _______________.

A)the sororate
B)the levirate
C)polygyny
D)bigamy
E)polyandry

Question 35

In Tibet a young man lives with his older brother,who is married.The younger brother eventually begins to think about setting up his own tent,and taking his share of the yak and fields of grass.One night his brother's wife gives him her necklace.In Tibetan culture this is an invitation for him to become her second husband.If he accepts,he will remain with his brother and share the same tent.His sister-in-law is offering him _______________.

A)polyandry
B)a chance to get even with his brother for dumping him in a celibate monastery
C)a chance to keep the family herd and arable land together in a large,powerful unit
D)a chance to commit suicide (his brother is bigger than he is)
E)a and c

Question 36

The levirate and the sororate _______________.

A)are secret societies,like sororities and fraternities
B)function to maintain the relationship between the family of the bride and the family of the groom
C)do not work if the surviving spouse was an only child
D)are types of cattle in pastoralist societies
E)exist only in advanced industrial societies

Question 37

Which form of marriage in the United States is currently being re-evaluated since the introduction of NEW reproductive technologies?

A)cousin marriage
B)polygynous marriage
C)affinal marriage
D)same-sex marriage
E)nontraditional marriage

Question 38

Serial monogamy is characterized by _______________.

A)a man or woman living with more than one partner at the same time
B)a woman being married to five brothers in the same household
C)a widower marrying his dead wife's sister
D)several men and women having sexual access to one another
E)a man or a woman marrying or living with a series of partners in succession (one after the other but not at the same time)

Question 39

Bride _______________ refers to the period of time a groom is expected to work for his bride's family.

A)price
B)service
C)period
D)exchange
E)work

Question 40

When a man married his father's brother's daughter in ancient Greece or traditional China,_______________.

A)he was committing incest
B)he was practicing matrilateral cross-cousin marriage
C)he was practicing patrilateral cross-cousin marriage
D)he was keeping property within the single male line of descent
E)c and d

Question 41

One of the areas that is most changing the composition of families today is that of _______________.

A)fictive kin
B)increasing acceptance of polygynous unions
C)new reproductive technologies
D)increasing numbers of same-sex marriages
E)decreasing divorce rates

Question 42

Only a small percentage of known societies,about ________ percent,have rules requiring that sexual involvement take place only within marriage.

A)25
B)15
C)10
D)5
E)30

Question 43

_______________ families are those comprised of a married couple together raising their children from previous unions.

A)Blended
B)Mixed
C)Joint
D)Affinal
E)Consanguineal

Question 44

Among Christians in the 17th and 18th centuries in New England,adultery was considered ______________________.

A)nothing to worry about
B)an interesting turn of events for community gossip
C)a serious crime
D)a personal offense to the local bishop
E)culturally acceptable

Question 45

The _______________ form a consanguine family;consisting of women,their dependent children,and the women's brothers.

A)Trobrianders
B)Enga
C)Hadza
D)Nayar
E)Navajo

Question 46

Which of the following characteristics would be most important in an Indian family's selection of a bride for their son?

A)good looks
B)well-educated
C)independent
D)have higher social status
E)good character

Question 47

Claude Levi-Strauss founded a school of thought in anthropology known as _______________.

A)functionalism
B)evolutionism
C)classicism
D)structuralism
E)symbolic anthropology

Question 48

________% of marriages end in divorce in the United States.

A)25
B)75
C)10
D)20
E)50

Question 49

In which of the following cultural centers is homosexuality openly accepted as part of the urban lifestyle.

A)Amsterdam
B)San Francisco
C)Rio De Janeiro
D)all of the above.
E)none of the above.

Question 50

When examining the forms of marriage which occur worldwide,the _______________ is the most common.

A)consanguineal
B)conjugal
C)affinal
D)nuclear
E)extended

Question 51

True _______________ marriage,in which multiple men and women have sexual access to one another,rarely occurs in the various societies around the world.

A)Monogamous
B)Serial monogamous
C)Group
D)Communal
E)Mixed

Question 52

A culturally sanctioned union between two or more persons that establishes certain rights and obligations between the persons,between them and their children,and between them and their in-laws is a _________________________.

A)monogamy
B)conjugal bond
C)endogamy
D)exogamy
E)marriage

Question 53

In northern Nigeria,a Muslim woman who committed adultery and had a child outside of marriage was sentenced to death in ____________.

A)2002
B)1900
C)1934
D)1785
E)2000

Question 54

In which of the following countries is same-sex marriages considered socially acceptable and allowed by law?

A)Mexico
B)South Africa
C)Italy
D)the Netherlands
E)Zimbabwe

Question 55

In industrial and post-industrial societies,such as the United States,the most common form of residence after marriage is _______________.

A)ambilocal
B)matrilocal
C)patrilocal
D)neolocal
E)avunculocal

Question 56

An important source of contacts in trying to arrange an Indian marriage is/are the _______________.

A)social club
B)newspaper personals
C)internet chat rooms
D)match making businesses
E)temple

Question 57

Although details differ from one society to another,woman/woman marriages among the _______________ of western Kenya may be taken as reasonably representative of such practices in Africa.

A)Zulu
B)Ashanti
C)Tutsi
D)Nandi
E)Maasai

Question 58

A family established through marriage is a/an _______________ family.

A)conjugal
B)affinal
C)unilocal
D)nuclear
E)extended

Question 59

The smallest family unit is known as the _______________ family.

A)conjugal
B)affinal
C)unilocal
D)nuclear
E)extended

Question 60

_______________ is the leading exponent of French structuralism.

A)Bronislaw Malinowski
B)Franz Boas
C)Claude Levi-Strauss
D)Phillipe Cousteau
E)Emile Durkiem

Question 61

The most common form of marriage compensation is dowry.

Question 62

In India no crossing of sub-castes is permissible even if the class positions of the bride's and groom's families are similar.

Question 63

Divorce can be easier in matrilineal societies such as the Hopi,where the woman need only put her husband's things in the fire to burn them up.

Question 64

Humans,unlike the bonding that all animal species do,engage in marriage,which is a cultural institution.

Question 65

The Western ideal that an individual should be free to marry whomever he or she chooses is unusual by global standards.

Question 66

In India it is understood that matches (marriages)would be arranged only within the same caste and general social class.

Question 67

People tend to want the same things in marriage,whether it is in India or America.

Question 68

Today,a dowry is expected by law in India.

Question 69

A positive side effect to restricting sexual behavior is that they may also limit _________________________________________.

A)the number of children a woman can have
B)the number of divorces in that culture
C)the spread of sexually transmitted diseases
D)group marriages
E)women marrying the wrong man

Question 70

Anthropologists have found that the incest taboo is a universal phenomenon.

Question 71

The most prevalent form of marriage worldwide is polygamy.

Question 72

The preferred form of marriage is monogamy.

Question 73

An arranged marriage tends to be more stable than one in which the partners choose each other,such as those in the United States.

Question 74

Instinctive repulsion does not explain institutionalized incest.

Question 75

Haviland estimates that between 20,000 to 60,000 Americans in Rocky Mountain states live in polygynous households.

Question 76

The Trobrianders have a rigidly controlled sex life and puritan attitudes toward sexuality.

Question 77

In the recent past,cross-cousin marriage was thought to represent ___________________ in a society.

A)Developed thinking.
B)Religious prohibitions
C)Social prohibitions
D)Cultural logic for carrying on the name of the family
E)Savagery

Question 78

________________________ clearly illustrate the impact of religious and cultural prohibitions to sexual behavior.

A)Sexual behavior
B)Pregnancies among young girls
C)Arranged marriages' success
D)Statistics
E)New laws

Question 79

A marriage of a woman to a woman in sub-Saharan Africa is a ceremony that legitimizes a homosexual relationship.

Question 80

__________________________ is a universal phenomenon,spanning time and cultures.

A)Single-parent households
B)Divorce
C)Nuclear family
D)Child exchange
E)Wife exchange