Deck 13: Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning

Question 1

The first IQ scores were:

A)Chronological age divided by mental age
B)(chronological age divided by mental age)x 100
C)Mental age divided by chronological age
D)(mental age divided by chronological age)x 100

Answer 1

(chronological age divided by mental age)x 100

Question 2

A "splitter" is someone who argues:

A)The idea that each ability is independent from the others
B)One of the intellects becomes more dominant than the others
C)For a core intelligence for all abilities
D)That IQ scores cannot be changed with experience

Answer 2

The idea that each ability is independent from the others

Question 3

Critics of the IQ test often argue that:

A)Most often IQ scores do not correlate with academic performance
B)The IQ test does not measure how well individuals can succeed in their environment
C)IQ scores,even those that are culture-free,differ widely across cultures
D)Most politicians score low on IQ tests

Answer 3

The IQ test does not measure how well individuals can succeed in their environment

Question 4

Intelligence is:

A)The capacity for learning,reasoning,and understanding
B)What we think intelligence is
C)What IQ tests measure
D)All of the above

Question 5

The characteristic most closely predicted by performance on intelligence tests is:

A)Job performance
B)Socioeconomic status
C)Performance in school
D)None of the above

Question 6

IQ stands for:

A)Intelligence quotient
B)Intelligence quickness
C)Individual quotient
D)None of the above

Question 7

The general factor of intelligence is:

A)The idea that each ability can be considered a separate intelligence
B)When one of the intellects becomes more dominant than the others
C)A core intelligence for all abilities
D)The fact that IQ scores cannot be changed with experience

Question 8

The splitters ___.

A)emphasize separate abilities over any general factor
B)cannot agree on how many intelligences there are
C)may be dealing with over 70 different abilities or intelligences
D)All of the above

Question 9

Most IQ scores are:

A)Above 100
B)Below 100
C)Above 70 but below 130
D)Above 100 but below 200

Question 10

Evidence to support the "splitters" includes:

A)That a person good in math also generally has good verbal abilities
B)That localized brain damage that impairs one ability sometimes does not interfere with other abilities
C)The lack of ability of autistic adults to perform most activities even with experience
D)All of the above

Question 11

If the theory of the "splitters" is accurate:

A)There are multiple intelligences
B)Our intelligences are more or less independent of each other
C)Proficiency in one ability is not strongly related to proficiency in most other abilities
D)All of the above

Question 12

The first intelligence test was:

A)Created by Alfred Binet
B)Designed to match high school students to career paths
C)Used as part of a screening device for immigrants to the United States during the 1920s
D)Designed to identify gifted grammar school students

Question 13

The ability most closely correlated with your IQ score is ___ with correlations ranging from ___.

A)job performance,.25-.50
B)school performance,.60-.80
C)school performance,.40-.60
D)socioeconomic status,.40-.55

Question 14

IQ test scores were originally designed so that if an individual is about as intelligent as others of the same age,then the:

A)IQ score would be similar to the chronological age
B)Mental age would be similar to the chronological age
C)IQ score would be similar to the mental age
D)None of the above

Question 15

Critics of IQ tests argue that:

A)The tests are really measuring health
B)They are biased in favor of those with higher socioeconomic levels
C)Most tests are culture-free and thus cannot measure understanding
D)They all measure cultural norms and rules

Question 16

The average IQ score is:

A)0
B)1
C)100
D)1000

Question 17

A difference between Einstein's brain and the average brain is that:

A)It was larger in size
B)It was lighter in weight
C)There were more neurons
D)There was no difference

Question 18

The Raven Progressive Matrices is an IQ test that:

A)Is designed to be culture free
B)Is verbal but not mathematical
C)Measures the intelligence of animals
D)Is not an IQ test

Question 19

The original IQ tests were designed for:

A)Children
B)Adults
C)Both children and adults
D)The mentally impaired

Question 20

A "lumper" is someone who:

A)Has low intelligence
B)Believes intelligence is a single,unitary capability
C)Scores similarly on different IQ tests
D)Argues that individuals have multiple intelligences

Question 21

A difference between Einstein's brain and the average brain is that:

A)It was larger in the frontal lobes
B)It was larger in the parietal lobes
C)There was a higher glial cell to neuron ratio
D)There was no difference

Question 22

It is assumed that more intelligent people excel when quick choices are required because of:

A)Generally faster nerve conduction velocity
B)A greater number of neurons
C)Longer neurons
D)A greater number of frontal cortex neurons

Question 23

PET scans have shown that those individuals with higher IQ scores:

A)Have lower glucose metabolism rates when performing attention-demanding tasks
B)Have more consistent glucose metabolism rates than those with lower IQ scores
C)Show neural activity patterns similar to those with lower IQ scores
D)Have higher glucose metabolism rates when performing attention-demanding tasks

Question 24

If a person tended to think more in pictures than in words,it might be expected that he or she would have larger:

A)Temporal lobes
B)Occipital lobes
C)Parietal lobes
D)Corpus callosum

Question 25

If a team of researchers studied your brain because you scored abnormally high in intellectual g,what would they find?

A)A smaller brain
B)A brain with a larger parietal lobe
C)A brain that had an efficient network connecting all of your lobes
D)A brain with larger sulci

Question 26

The difference in brain sizes between men and women could mean:

A)Men are smarter than women
B)Women are smarter than men
C)Women are cognitively more efficient than men
D)None of the above

Question 27

When the differences in body size are accounted for,the average male's brain is ___ than the average female's brain.

A)heavier
B)lighter
C)the same size
D)the same ratio

Question 28

Faster nerve conduction speed is believed to translate into:

A)Greater transfer of information from working memory to long-term memory
B)Increased duration of working memory
C)Faster decay of working memory
D)None of the above

Question 29

___ brain damage will typically produce more impairment on general intelligence than on typical IQ test measurements.

A)Frontal
B)Temporal
C)Parietal
D)Cortical

Question 30

Jonah usually does better on IQ tests than Tamara.He would also probably do better:

A)On verbal tasks
B)On tasks that include many different activities
C)On tasks that require quick choices
D)When given extended time to complete the task

Question 31

Myelin is important to intelligence because it:

A)Prevents memory from decaying
B)Speeds nerve conduction
C)Aids in amount of neural branching
D)Cushions the nerve

Question 32

The brains of people with higher IQs use ___ glucose.

A)more
B)less
C)the same amount of
D)no more,no less on the average

Question 33

When comparing neurons in the brains of the average human male and female,typically:

A)Females have a higher ratio of gray to white matter
B)Males have denser packed neurons
C)Males have greater area devoted to language
D)Females have more area devoted to spatial intellect

Question 34

Reaction time was first used as a measure of intelligence by:

A)Binet
B)Galton
C)Hanson
D)Einstein

Question 35

Humans have:

A)One of the largest brain/body ratios
B)One of the heaviest brains
C)One of the largest brains
D)None of the above

Question 36

Working memory is:

A)Positively correlated with reaction time
B)Positively correlated with nerve conduction velocity
C)Positively correlated with gray and white matter volume
D)Positively correlated with all of the above

Question 37

IQ scores are positively correlated with:

A)Nerve conduction velocity
B)Nerve inhibition speed
C)Calcium transport time
D)Reaction time

Question 38

With respect to the biological foundation of intelligence,larger parietal lobes might mean:

A)Better language skills
B)Better spatial skills
C)Better vision
D)A stronger general factor

Question 39

The correlation between brain size and intelligence is ___,meaning that about ___ of the difference in intelligence between individuals is related to brain size.

A)0.50,33%
B)0.25,20%
C)0.33,11%
D)0.23,15%

Question 40

As we age,amount of myelination,speed of cognitive processing,and intelligence:

A)Continue to decline,relatively
B)Continue to increase,relatively
C)Increase from childhood until maturity then decrease
D)Follow a logarithmic relation throughout our lifespan

Question 41

Brain areas that are important for cognitive abilities are probably:

A)Exclusively devoted to that ability
B)Specialized more for a general cognitive strategy than for that ability
C)Controlled by critical periods
D)None of the above

Question 42

Three capabilities that have consistently been shown to be related to intelligence are:

A)Linguistic,logical-mathematical,and spatial
B)Cognitive,spatial,and temporal
C)Linguistic,spatial,and temporal
D)None of the above

Question 43

One of the two genes that have likely contributed to our greater brain size relative to chimpanzees is the ___ gene,responsible for ___.

A)ASPM gene,myelination of the temporal lobe
B)PACAP precursor gene,neurogenesis and neural signaling
C)AMSP gene,synaptic formation
D)PACAP precursor gene,locomotor performance

Question 44

Spatial abilities are located,to a great extent,in the:

A)Somatosensory and motor areas
B)Limbic areas
C)Somatosensory area and the parietal lobe
D)Temporal lobe and motor area

Question 45

General intelligence has ___ heritability relative to more specific abilities such as verbal and spatial abilities.

A)lower
B)higher
C)virtually zero
D)None of the above

Question 46

Fraternal twins mistakenly identified as identical twins and reared together will have IQ scores similar to:

A)Identical twins correctly labeled and reared together
B)Fraternal twins correctly labeled and reared together
C)Identical twins correctly labeled and reared apart
D)None of the above

Question 47

IQ is more similar in:

A)Siblings reared together
B)Siblings reared apart
C)Fraternal twins reared together
D)Identical twins reared separately

Question 48

Based on what you know now,what gene might you speculate could be related to an abnormally small brain at birth?

A)ASPM gene
B)PACAP gene
C)AMSAC gene
D)PACAP precursor gene

Question 49

Factor analysis can be useful to determine:

A)What causes intelligence
B)What abilities are consistently related
C)Which individuals are more intelligent
D)None of the above

Question 50

There is some evidence that non-human primates have the ability to discriminate:

A)Language
B)Number
C)Space
D)None of the above

Question 51

Mathematical abilities are located,to a large extent,in the:

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Occipital lobe
D)Both A and B

Question 52

Intelligence is:

A)The most highly genetically determined behavior known in humans
B)Jointly determined by the environment and heredity
C)Completely determined by environmental experience
D)Not measurable

Question 53

Little Zoey still uses her fingers to count 2 + 3 while her older brother Zach calculates the sum mentally.Zoey is using her ___ and Zach is using his ___.

A)prefrontal lobe,parietal lobe
B)prefrontal lobe,frontal lobe
C)parietal lobe,parietal lobe
D)parietal areas,left frontal area
E)None of the above

Question 54

Rote arithmetic facts are apparently located in the:

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Occipital lobe
D)Temporal lobe

Question 55

There are over ___ genes that are candidates to possibly influence some aspect of cognitive ability.

A)50
B)250
C)150
D)25

Question 56

Although about 50% of intelligence is due to heredity:

A)This proportion changes across the lifespan
B)There are a lot of data that this is dependent on culture
C)Separating family members early decreases the influence
D)None of the above

Question 57

Across the life span,the genetic influence on IQ:

A)Remains fairly constant
B)iI greatest when young,and progressively lessens with age
C)Is weakest at birth,and progressively strengthens with age
D)Is strongest in mid-life

Question 58

Similar to height,___ is/are increasing across generations.

A)reaction time
B)neural efficiency
C)IQ scores
D)the amount of information in working memory

Question 59

Linguistic abilities are located to a great extent in the:

A)Left frontal and temporal lobes
B)Right occipital and parietal lobes
C)Left frontal and right occipital lobes
D)Left and right parietal lobes

Question 60

While chimpanzees have been observed to make and use basic tools,some species of birds have been shown to ___.

A)Hunt cooperatively
B)Use bait to attract prey
C)Learn different nesting styles during droughts relatives to floods
D)Use twigs to fish for grubs

Question 61

Approximately ___ of the population has an IQ below 70.

A)2%
B)5%
C)8%
D)10%

Question 62

One way to reduce the cognitive declines associated with aging may be via one's diet;people 65 and over who ate fish two or more times per week had a ___ smaller decline compared to people who ate fish only once per week or less.

A)5%
B)27%
C)76%
D)13%

Question 63

In mild intellectual disability:

A)There is no obvious physical cause
B)Individuals are generally from a lower socioeconomic class
C)Individuals have IQ scores between 50 and 70
D)All of the above

Question 64

The leading genetic cause of intellectual disability is:

A)Fragile X
B)Down syndrome
C)Lesch-Nynan syndrome
D)Fragile Y

Question 65

The main difference between the original Head Start Program and the Abecedarian Project is the:

A)Age at which the program begins
B)The socioeconomic status of the students
C)The genetic similarity of the students
D)None of the above

Question 66

The leading environmental cause of intellectual disability is:

A)Maternal alcoholism
B)Rubella
C)Prenatal exposure to virus
D)Early infancy exposure to viruses

Question 67

The four categories of intellectual disability are:

A)Dumb,moderate,severe,and profound
B)Mild,moderate,severe,and profound
C)Mild,moderate,extensive,and profound
D)Mild,moderate,severe,and autistic

Question 68

According to Jensen and Rushton,intelligence has a strong racial component and ___.

A)IQ is negatively correlated with brain size
B)differences in drinking water purity correspond to IQ among the races
C)differences in brain size correspond to gaps in IQ among the races
D)a strong environmental component

Question 69

As you age,you can expect your:

A)Numerical abilities to begin to decline after about age 25
B)Perceptual speed to sharply decrease at about 60 years
C)Verbal abilities to continue to increase until middle age and then gradually decline
D)All of the above

Question 70

The Head Start Program has shown that for students in the program,there was:

A)Long-term benefit in math scores
B)A greater degree of career accomplishment
C)An initial increase in IQ scores
D)All of the above

Question 71

Estrogen replacement therapy has a beneficial effect on ___.

A)auditory and verbal memory
B)verbal and visual memory
C)visual and working memory
D)working and procedural memory

Question 72

Down syndrome is:

A)Characterized by IQ scores between 45 and 55
B)Characterized by amyloid deposits in the brain
C)Caused by an extra copy of Chromosome 21
D)All of the above

Question 73

As many as ___ gene locations have been implicated in mild intellectual disability with each accounting for a ___ amount of the variation in intelligence.

A)four,moderate
B)10,sizable
C)four,small
D)five,sizeable

Question 74

According to your book,the Abecedarian Project students have:

A)Shown that with the correct environment,autistic children can maintain increased IQ scores indefinitely
B)Shown maintenance of increased IQ scores for more than 10 years
C)Obtained higher salaries as adults
D)Larger working memories

Question 75

The best way to study the effects of the environment on intelligence is to:

A)Compare IQ scores of identical twins reared together
B)Compare IQ scores of identical twins reared apart
C)Correlate IQ scores of children raised in the same home with the biological parents
D)Correlate IQ scores of children raised in the same home with adoptive parents

Question 76

African American children from impoverished environments adopted into middle-class homes showed:

A)Little change in IQ scores
B)An increase in IQ scores
C)A decrease in IQ scores
D)A gender-specific change in IQ scores

Question 77

The traditionally accepted decrease in IQ scores with age may be less than believed,because:

A)IQ tests are not related to meaningful information for the elderly.
B)IQ scores of the elderly are compared with younger contemporaries,which is not the appropriate comparison.
C)IQ tests are timed and processing speed decreases with age,complicating interpretations.
D)All of the above

Question 78

Testosterone replacement therapy studies have shown that this may increase ___ but to produce the most improvement,the testosterone has to ___.

A)long-term memory and working memory,be combined with estrogen
B)working memory,verbal memory and spatial memory,have undergone aromatization
C)working memory,verbal memory and spatial memory;delivered in the form of dihydrotestosterone
D)All of the above

Question 79

Juan lives in an affluent,white neighborhood in Boston while his identical twin Jose lives in a lower-class,mostly Hispanic neighborhood in Miami.If Juan had a higher IQ score than Jose,this would be evidence to support:

A)The genetic basis of intelligence
B)The environmental influence on intelligence
C)Both A and B
D)Neither A nor B

Question 80

For impoverished children adopted into middle-class homes,their IQ scores were:

A)Correlated more with the educational level of their adoptive parents than biological parents
B)Not at all related to the educational level of their adoptive parents
C)Increasingly correlated over time with the educational level of their biological parents
D)Not at all related to the IQ scores of their biological parents