Question 1

What is the average adult intake of water in 24 hours?&#10;A) 2500 mL&#10;B) 500 mL&#10;C) 1000 mL&#10;D) 180 L

Accepted Answer

Although water intake can vary considerably, the average adult takes in about 2500 mL every day.

Question 2

Which organ is the primary regulator of water output?&#10;A) lungs&#10;B) skin&#10;C) kidneys&#10;D) digestive tract

Accepted Answer

The kidneys are the primary regulator of water output.

Question 3

What is meant by the term tenting?&#10;A) lack of saline in the renal artery&#10;B) excess electrolytes building up on water molecule surfaces&#10;C) body fluids building up on the kidney surface&#10;D) tent-type structure formed when the skin of a dehydrated person is pinched; takes awhile for the skin to flatten back out

Accepted Answer

The skin of a dehydrated person, however, flattens out more slowly, giving the skin the appearance of a tent-hence the term tenting.

Question 4

Aldosterone:&#10;A) determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.&#10;B) is a neurohypophyseal hormone.&#10;C) stimulates the reabsorption of K + by the distal tubule.&#10;D) is the salt-retaining hormone.

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone stimulates the distal tubule and upper collecting duct of the nephron unit to reabsorb sodium. Usually, "when sodium moves, water moves"; this means that aldosterone causes the reabsorption of both NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0 and water.

Question 5

Poor skin turgor is:&#10;A) indicative of blood volume expansion and heart failure.&#10;B) treated with antibiotics.&#10;C) indicative of dehydration.&#10;D) the earliest symptom of respiratory acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A dehydrated person usually has poor skin turgor.

Question 6

What does pH measure?&#10;A) hydration status&#10;B) H + concentration [H + ]&#10;C) hemolysis&#10;D) urine concentration

Accepted Answer

pH: A unit of measurement that indicates the number of HS1U1P1+S1S1P0 in solution.

Question 7

A buffer:&#10;A) adds only H + . &#10;B) adds only bicarbonate ion.&#10;C) prevents changes in pH.&#10;D) stimulates Kussmaul respirations.

Accepted Answer

The buffer system is the first line of defense in the regulation of pH. A buffer is a chemical substance that prevents large changes in pH.

Question 8

What is the normal range for blood pH?&#10;A) 7.00 to 7.35&#10;B) 7.35 to 7.55&#10;C) 7.35 to 7.45&#10;D) 6.85 to 7.45

Accepted Answer

The normal plasma pH ranges from 7.35 to 7.45 and is therefore slightly alkaline.

Question 9

Why is an older adult more prone to dehydration?&#10;A) The collecting duct becomes overresponsive to the effects of ADH.&#10;B) The adrenal cortex oversecretes aldosterone.&#10;C) There is a decrease in the thirst mechanism.&#10;D) The person retains excessive sodium.

Accepted Answer

Older adults have a diminished thirst mechanism and are therefore prone to dehydration.

Question 10

Why do patients in kidney failure become hyperkalemic?&#10;A) The kidneys eliminate too much water.&#10;B) The kidneys cannot eliminate calcium.&#10;C) The kidneys fail to secrete erythropoietin.&#10;D) The kidneys cannot eliminate K + .

Accepted Answer

The primary cause of hyperkalemia is kidney disease, because the kidneys play a major role in the elimination of K+

Deck 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance