Deck 1: Pathogenesis-Antibiotic-Structure

Question 1

Following are the asexual spores of fungi except :

A) Ascospores
B) Arthrospores
C) Blastospores
D) Chlamydospores

Answer 1

Ascospores

Question 2

Which of the following statement regarding bacterial spores is false:

A) Metabolically inactive
B) Don't multiply
C) Un able to vegetate again
D) Resistant to disinfection and boiling

Answer 2

Un able to vegetate again

Question 3

Volutin granules are:

A) Carbohydrates
B) Protein
C) Polyphosphate
D) None of the above

Answer 3

Carbohydrates

Question 4

Protect the organism from phagocytosis

A) Capsule
B) Spore
C) Flagella
D) Cell wall
E) Cytoplasmic membrane

Question 5

Mesosomes are:

A) Cytoplasmic membrane invaginations
B) Cell wall structure
C) Intra nuclear structure
D) Site of action of antibiotics

Question 6

Phospholiopid bilayer:

A) Cell wall
B) Cytoplasmic membrane
C) Capsule
D) Spore

Question 7

Function of bacterial capsule is:

A) Protection of bacterial cell from phagocytosis
B) Giving shape and rigidity
C) Selective permeability
D) Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes

Question 8

Plasmids control the following processes in bacteria except:

A) Multiplication
B) Bacteriocin production
C) Antibiotic resistance
D) Toxin production

Question 9

Transposons:

A) Genetic elements that contain RNA
B) Carry genes that may code for toxin production
C) Autonomously replicate
D) Mobile DNA sequence that can move from one site to another site.
E) B \& D

Question 10

The following statements are correct regarding transposons except:

A) Can carry genes that code for antibiotic $r^{\prime}$
B) Can move from plasmid to another
C) Transmissible
D) Autonomously replicate

Question 11

The rigidity and shape of bacteria is due to:

A) Cell membrane
B) Peptidoglycan layer
C) Teichoic acid
D) Capsule

Question 12

Inclusion granules:

A) Permanent bacterial structure
B) Present only in gram negative bacilli
C) Reserved nutrients
D) Protein in nature

Question 13

The only prokaryotic that have sterol in cell membrane is:

A) Mycoplasma
B) Gram positive bacteria
C) Rickettsia
D) Chlamydia
E) Gram negative bacteria

Question 14

Fimbriae contribute to pathogenicity of bacteria by helping in:

A) Locomotion
B) Adhesion
C) Release of enzymes
D) Antiphagocytic

Question 15

Sporulation of bacteria occurs in:

A) Log phase
B) Lag phase
C) Stationary phase
D) All of the above

Question 16

Bacterial growth mean:

A) Increase in cell mass
B) Increase in cell size
C) Increase in cell number

Question 17

Microaerophilic bacteria:

A) Require oxygen and oxygen is not toxic to it
B) Can grow in presence or absence of oxygen
C) Require oxygen at low level
D) Does not use oxygen but oxygen is not toxic to it
E) Does not use oxygen and oxygen is toxic to it

Question 18

Genetic information essential for the life of bacteria is a function of:

A) Ribosomes
B) Plasmid
C) Mesosomes
D) Chromosomes

Question 19

The following are essential structure in bacterial cell:

A) Nuclear body
B) Fimbriae
C) Inclusion granules
D) Plasmid

Question 20

Sex pili is responsible for:

A) Bacterial adhesion
B) Bacterial motility
C) Gene transfer
D) Bacterial renlication

Question 21

Col factor plasmid carries genetic information responsible for:

A) Antibiotic resistance
B) Sex pili
C) Bacteriocin
D) Toxin production

Question 22

Eukaryotes include:

A) Virus
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Human cell
E) Both C, D

Question 23

It is true for bacteria that:

A) Have true nucleus
B) Flagella are responsible for adhesion
C) Capsule is associated with virulence
D) Have no cell wall

Question 24

Prokaryotic cells has no:

A) Ribosomes
B) Cell wall
C) Mesosomes
D) True nucleus

Question 25

Prokaryotes Includes:

A) Fungi
B) Human cell
C) Bacteria
D) Virus

Question 26

Bacterial cell multiplies by:

A) Binary fission
B) Budding
C) Sexual multiplication
D) Mitosis

Question 27

Bacterial cell do not contain:

A) Cell wall
B) Mitochondria
C) 70 s ribosomes
D) Mesosomes

Question 28

Lipid A is a cell wall component of :

A) Gram positive bacteria
B) Gram negative bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Virus

Question 29

Sites of protein synthesis In bacteria Is:

A) Ribosomes
B) Mesosomes
C) Inclusion granules
D) Chromosome

Question 30

Which of the following is true regarding flagellum:

A) Short, rigid structure
B) L.PS in nature
C) Protein in nature
D) Helps in bacterial adherence to host cells

Question 31

Bacteria with flagella around the cell is:

A) Monotrichate
B) Lophotrichate
C) Peritrichate
D) Amnhitrichate

Question 32

Bacterium with flagellum at each end:

A) Monotrichate
B) Lophotrichate
C) Peritrichate
D) Amphitrichate

Question 33

Sex pili formation is function of :

A) Ribosome
B) Chromosome
C) F plasmid
D) Cell wall

Question 34

Plasmids are :

A) Cytoplasmic storage granules
B) RNA molecules
C) Chromosomal DNA
D) Carry genetic material essential for bacterial life
E) Dispensible

Question 35

When one flagellum is present at both ends of bacterial cell the arrangement is known as

A)Monotrichous
B)Peritrichous
C)Amphitrichous
D)Non of these

Question 36

Lophotrichous:

A) One flagellum at both ends
B) Tuft of flagella
C) Flagella all around the cell
D) Non of these

Question 37

Fimbria are absent in

A) Gram negative
B) Gram positive
C) Both
D) Non of these

Question 38

Which of the following type of ribosomes are present in bacteria

A) 805
B) 705
C) Both

Question 39

Which of the following bacterial cell possess metachromatic granules

A) Corynebacterium
B) Clostridium
C) Mycobacterium
D) All of these

Question 40

Number of chromosome in bacterium

A) One
B) Two
C) Five
D) Non of these

Question 41

All of the following are true as regard endospore except:

A) Can be stained by gram stain
B) Highly resistant
C) Formed outside host
D) Formed in adverse conditions

Question 42

Which of the following statmenets about virus induced cytopathic changes is most accurate:

A) They are pathognomonic for an infecting virus
B) They are rarely associated with cell death
C) They may include giant cell formation
D) They can only be seen by an electron microscope

Question 43

Which of the following can be used to quantitate the titer of infectious viruses:

A) Plaque assay
B) Electron microscopy
C) Hemagglutination
D) PCR
E) Enzyme immunoassay

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding virus morphology is true:

A) All RNA viruses are spherical in shape
B) Some viruses contain flagella
C) Some viruses with DNA genome contain nucleus
D) Viral surface proteins protect viral genome from nucleases
E) Helical nucleocapsid are found with single stranded DNA virus

Question 45

Prion is an atypical virus that contain which of the following:

A) Circular RNA
B) Multiple copies of plasmid
C) No detectable nucleic acid
D) Double stranded RNA
E) Host cell DNA instead of viral DNA

Question 46

Which of the following statements best describe virus:

A) Obligatory extracellular parasites
B) Can be grown on blood agar
C) Contain both DNA and RNA
D) Can be treated by antibiotics
E) Very small in size $20.300 \mathrm{~nm}$

Question 47

Viral replication:

A) Occurs by binary fission
B) Requires host cell macromolecules
C) Can be prevented by antibiotics
D) Can occur in synthetic media

Question 48

Capsid symmetry found in smallpox VIRUS IS:

A) Helical
B) Complex
C) Icosahedral
D) Non Of These

Question 49

One of the following statements is not true for viruses:

A) Contain either DNA of RNA
B) Lack mitochondria
C) Contain protein coat
D) Multiply by binary fission

Question 50

Which statement regarding fungi is correct :

A) All fungi are able to grow as yeast and mold
B) Although fungi are eukaryotes they lack mit. ' dria
C) Fungi are photosynthetic
D) Fungi have nucleus and chromosomes
E) Few ungi possess cell membranes

Question 51

Toxoid is :

A) Toxin lost its antigenicity but not toxicity
B) Toxin lost its toxicity but still antigenic
C) Toxin lost toxicity and antigenicity
D) Non of the above

Question 52

Endotoxins:

A) Mucopolysaccharides
B) Lipopolysaccharides
C) Nucleic acid
D) Proteins
E) Peptidoglvcan

Question 53

Carriers are dangerous source of infection more than cases because:

A) They have no clinical symptoms
B) Never shed the organism outside their bodies
C) The isolated organism is more virulent
D) All of the above

Question 54

Exotoxins:

A) Lipoproteins
B) LPS
C) Nucleic acid
D) Proteins
E) Peptidoglvcan

Question 55

Which one of the following best describes the mode of action of endotoxins:

A) Drgrades lecithin in cell membrane
B) Hypertension
C) Block release of acetyl choline
D) Causes the release of tumor necrosis factor

Question 56

Enzyme which can destroy neutrophils and macrophages:

A) Leukocidins
B) IgA protease
C) Coagulase
D) Collagenase

Question 57

The organism continue to grow with or without producing symptoms

A) Acute infection
B) Latent infection
C) 2 ry infection
D) Chronic infection

Question 58

The time from initial contacts with the infectious agents to the appearance of the $1^{14}$ symptoms:

A) Prodromal stage
B) Invasion stage
C) Incubation period
D) Convalescent period

Question 59

The ability of the organism to cause disease:

A) Infectious dose
B) Pathogenicity
C) Virulence
D) Infection

Question 60

Infectious dose of shigella is:

A) 10
B) 100
C) 100000
D) 1000000

Question 61

Infectious dose of salmonella is:

A) 10
B) 100
C) 100000
D) 1000000

Question 62

Degree of pathogenicity:

A) Virulence
B) Infection
C) Transmission
D) Virulence factors

Question 63

specific bacterial surface proteins help entry into cells:

A) Invasins
B) Pili
C) Flagella
D) Capsule

Question 64

One fact is false about exotoxins:

A) Usually produced by gram +ve bacteria
B) Diffusible
C) Immunogenic
D) Heat stable
E) Specific in action

Question 65

One fact is true about endotoxins

A) Produced by gram .ve bacteria
B) Strong immunogenic
C) Heat labile
D) Specific in action
E) Protein in nature

Question 66

One fact is false about endotoxins

A) Produced by gram .ve bacteria
B) Produce fever
C) Can be converted to toxoids
D) Of chromosomal origin
E) Polysaccharide in nature

Question 67

Regarding stages of infection : period of invasion:

A) Time from initial contact with the infectious agents to the appearance of first symptoms
B) The earliest symptoms of infection appear as a vague feeling of discomfort, generalized body ache
C) The specific signs and symptoms exhibited by the patients according to the site of infection
D) The period of recovery.

Question 68

The presence of microorganisms in large numbers on a host tissue without host tissue damage:

A) Infection
B) Disease
C) Colonization
D) Transmission

Question 69

Apparently healthy individuals carrying a pathogenic organism without showing clinical manifestations:

A) Infected
B) Carriers
C) True pathogens
D) Opportunistic pathogens

Question 70

Carriers are more serious that a case because:

A) They are confined to bed
B) They show manifestations
C) They communicate with public without being noticed
D) They carry the organism in the epidemic period
E) All of the above

Question 71

Rarely cause disease in immune.competent people but can cause serious infections in immune.compromised patients:

A) True pathogen
B) Commensal
C) Flora
D) Opportunistic pathogen

Question 72

Infection that has a worldwide distribution:

A) Epidemic
B) Pandemic
C) Endemic

Question 73

Infection which is present at a low level in specific population

A) Epidemic
B) Pandemic
C) Endemic

Question 74

All of the following are correct as regard exotoxin except:

A) It is protein
B) Heat stable
C) Secreted by both gram positive and gram negative
D) Can be changed into toxoid
E) Highly immunogenic

Question 75

All of following are correct as regard endotoxin except:

A) It is protein
B) It causes septic shock
C) It is part of cell wall of gram negative bacteria
D) Heat stable