Deck 11: Collecting Primary Data Using Questionnaires

Question 1

Within business and management research, the greatest use of questionnaires is made within the ________ research strategy.

A) Exploratory
B) Grounded
C) Survey
D) Realist

Answer 1

Survey

Question 2

Questionnaires always have to be administered by an interviewer.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Knowledge of questionnaire design is important as it helps to interpret secondary data.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a type of closed question?

A) Category
B) Ranking
C) Follow-up
D) Rating

Question 5

Why is it important to ensure your questionnaire collects the precise data required to answer your research questions?

A) Because you rarely get a second chance to gather data
B) To maximise response rates
C) To ensure your results can be generalised
D) Because respondents will not understand the questions otherwise

Question 6

The design of your questionnaire will affect your response rate but not the validity of your data.

Question 7

Why are questionnaires best suited to descriptive and/or explanatory research?

A) Because the researcher is not present
B) Because the questions are standardised
C) Because they allow respondents to answer honestly
D) None of these. They are better suited to exploratory research

Question 8

A questionnaire completed by the respondent without the researcher present is called a ________ questionnaire.

A) Self-administered
B) Telephone
C) Structured
D) Mediated

Question 9

Well worded questionnaires require less skill and sensitivity to administer than semi-structured interviews.

Question 10

What is an uninformed response on a questionnaire?

A) A guess by a respondent in answer to a question
B) A question answered by someone else
C) A tick in a question's "don't know" box
D) A response that is not coded

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a self-administered questionnaire?

A) Delivery and collection
B) Postal
C) Internet-mediated
D) Telephone

Question 12

A high response rate guarantees unbiased findings.

Question 13

"Hazel is researching flexible working policies. She distributes a questionnaire which asks questions about the organisation's 'diversity management' strategy but this is referred to in her host organisation as the 'equal opportunities' strategy. She finds that many of the questions on her questionnaire have been left blank by her respondents." What mistake has she made here?

A) She has used the wrong terminology
B) She has encouraged socially desirable responses
C) She should have used a filter question
D) She did not clarify her sample properly

Question 14

An advantage of open-ended questions is that ________.

A) Potential is high for interviewer bias
B) They can also be used in topic guides
C) Coding is a challenge
D) Respondents can express themselves freely

Question 15

Replies to a questionnaire may be affected if a neutral point is used in a scale.

Question 16

Respondents in a pilot survey should be similar to those who will be included in the actual survey in terms of familiarity with the topic.

Question 17

Examples of ambiguous words include ________.

A) Often
B) Regularly
C) Adequately
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which method of questionnaire delivery is most likely to ensure a particular person has completed it?

A) Internet-mediated
B) E-mail
C) Postal
D) Any of these

Question 19

A telephone interview is likely to have lower response rates than an Internet-mediated questionnaire.

Question 20

Analysis of data is automated when using an Internet-mediated questionnaire.

Question 21

A variable that changes in response to changes in another pre-defined variable is called ________.

A) An independent variable
B) An unreliable variable
C) A dependent variable
D) A categorical variable

Question 22

"Keiran is carrying out research into the Greek hotel industry. He is undertaking a case study of one large hotel to find out whether the physical appearance of front of house staff has a favourable effect on guests' perceptions of service quality." What is Keiran's independent variable?

A) Service quality
B) Occupational role
C) Physical appearance
D) Guest perceptions

Question 23

A variable that causes changes in the dependent variable and may offer an alternative explanation is called ________.

A) An independent variable
B) An opinion variable
C) An attribute variable
D) An extraneous variable

Question 24

What sort of variable records how people think or feel about a subject?

A) Independent variable
B) Opinion variable
C) Attitude variable
D) Behavioural variable

Question 25

Data about what people say they will do in the future is recorded using behavioural variables.

Question 26

How does a measurement question differ from a research question?

A) They are the questions you ask your respondents to answer
B) They are questions that include scales
C) They only measure facts not opinions
D) They are the same

Question 27

Age, gender, occupation and income are ________ variables.

A) Discrete
B) Attitude
C) Attribute
D) Extraneous

Question 28

"Ralpindi is completing a questionnaire given to him by a student of Anytown University. The researcher is asking him about his recall of advertisements for skincare products. Q12 asks him to agree or disagree with the statement 'I find advertisements intrusive in my daily life'. Ralpindi disagrees with the statement because he doesn't really notice billboard advertising very much, but his friend Sheila agrees with the statement saying she finds the pop-ups on websites very annoying." What data quality issue is this situation most likely to lead to for the researcher?

A) Non-response
B) Unreliable data
C) Externally invalid data
D) Internally invalid data

Question 29

Which of these is the best explanation of the term "content validity" in relation to questionnaires?

A) The questions are laid out in the most appropriate order
B) There are enough relevant questions included
C) The questions measure what they say they do
D) The extent to which the questions predict respondent behaviour

Question 30

"Fred is researching fast food consumption habits of working parents. He asks his sample about their attitudes towards fast food using a questionnaire." What validity error has Fred made here?

A) Construct
B) Content
C) Predictive
D) None of these

Question 31

What is a 'check' question on a questionnaire?

A) One where the respondent must tick or cross a box
B) A question whose answer is readable by optical mark software
C) A differently phrased version of a previous question
D) One that requests demographic information from a respondent

Question 32

It is never appropriate to adopt questions from another researcher's questionnaire, only adapt them.

Question 33

"Please state your occupational group: Clerical, Managerial, Professional, Manual". What kind of question is this an example of?

A) Ranking
B) Open
C) Forced choice
D) Scale

Question 34

Why is it advisable to minimise the use of open questions on a questionnaire?

A) To prevent bias
B) To ensure internal validity
C) To make coding the data simpler
D) To ascertain internal consistency

Question 35

Which of these is an important issue in designing category questions?

A) Mutually exclusive categories
B) exhaustive categories
C) Logically ordered categories
D) All of these

Question 36

A prompt card is the sheet a researcher uses to plan their question design process in questionnaire research.

Question 37

Which question type on a questionnaire should you use if need to know the relative importance of items to a respondent?

A) Ranking
B) Scale
C) List
D) Category

Question 38

"A question which asks respondents to position their opinion between two opposing adjectives or phrases." What is being described here?

A) A scale question
B) A semantic differential scale question
C) A rating question
D) A frequency rating question

Question 39

What type of rating questions are most commonly used on questionnaires?

A) Cronbach's Alpha
B) Variable
C) Likert-style
D) They should not be used

Question 40

"Please state how many times a month on average you visit and eat in your local restaurant." What is the most serious thing wrong with this question?

A) It uses jargon
B) It asks two questions
C) It has no categories
D) It has no instructions

Question 41

"In what ways do you think the charity's good work is undermined by poor publicity?" What is the most serious thing wrong with this question?

A) It is biased
B) It uses jargon
C) It implies a certain answer
D) It is not detailed enough

Question 42

"Please state how many times a week you eat out at a restaurant? 0-2 times, 2-4 times , 4 or more times." What is the most serious thing wrong with this question?

A) It assumes you eat out at a restaurant
B) The answer categories overlap
C) It asks two questions
D) All of these

Question 43

The meaning of a group of words that is natural to native speakers but not deducible from the individual words is called the ________.

A) Indexical meaning
B) Lexical meaning
C) Idiomatic meaning
D) Experiential meaning

Question 44

When translating a questionnaire into another language, which of the following techniques is most likely to lead to good wording of the target questionnaire?

A) Parallel translation
B) Direct translation
C) Grammatical translation
D) Back-translation

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a type of validity relevant to questionnaire design?

A) Descriptive
B) Content
C) Construct
D) Criterion-related

Question 46

What does 'pre-coding' your questions mean?

A) Designing categories for responses in advance
B) Pre-testing them with a pilot group of respondents
C) Allocating identifiers to each response ready for data input
D) Developing hypotheses about what you might find out

Question 47

Validity of a questionnaire depends on ________.

A) Question design
B) Questionnaire structure
C) Rigour of pilot testing
D) All of the above

Question 48

"Have you ever had an accident at work during your normal working hours? If no, please go to Q6." What is this an example of?

A) An attitude variable
B) A filter question
C) A demographic question
D) A starter question

Question 49

The visual appearance and wording of a questionnaire should be sophisticated to encourage people to fill it in.

Question 50

A reasonable length for a postal questionnaire is 6-8 pages.