Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Karyn's counselor is assessing the effects of some of her behaviors by asking the following questions: Does the behavior cause Karyn undue stress? Is her behavior inappropriate in social situations? And is her behavior consistent with her cultural beliefs? Her counselor is trying to determine if her behavior is __________.

A) psychotic
B) abnormal
C) psychological
D) sociocultural

Answer 1

abnormal

Question 2

Psychologists consider situational and cultural factors when determining abnormality in a __________ context.

A) personal distress
B) social deviance
C) sociocultural
D) situational

Answer 2

sociocultural

Question 3

Due to his behavior, Ferdinand is having difficulty maintaining a job and having meaningful relationships with others. This is an example of how __________ behavior is considered abnormal.

A) dysfunctional
B) deviant
C) sociocultural
D) situational

Answer 3

dysfunctional

Question 4

When a person exhibits a pattern of making poor decisions and jeopardizing their well-being, it is considered a __________ deviation from normal behavior.

A) dysfunctional
B) distressful
C) sociocultural
D) dangerous

Question 5

Lance is on trial for capital murder and is hoping to use a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. He tells his lawyer that he meets most of the criteria in the DSM-5 for antisocial personality disorder. Lance's lawyer would most likely tell him, __________.

A) "Meeting the criteria for mental illness means you will be identified as criminally insane"
B) "You must meet all the criteria listed to be deemed criminally insane"
C) "Meeting the criteria for mental illness does not mean you will be identified as criminally insane"
D) "The DSM-5 cannot be used to diagnose psychological disorders - it is more like an encyclopedia that provides definitions"

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

A) The psychological disorders are consistent, although some of the names have changed.
B) The criteria for the different disorders have changed, but the same psychological disorders are listed.
C) It is a dynamic document that is refined and updated within a sociocultural context.
D) It is a static document that reflects changes in the terminology used but not in the content.

Question 7

Although there are some slight differences in symptoms or experiences, __________ is a psychological disorder considered common to all cultures.

A) cultural syndrome
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) koro
D) schizophrenia

Question 8

Depression is to koro as __________ is to __________.

A) cultural; universal
B) universal; cultural
C) psychological disorder; diagnosis
D) diagnosis; psychological disorder

Question 9

Shale lives in Ethiopia and suffers from a cultural syndrome called Zar. What are the symptoms of his disorder?

A) Sudden rage and homicidal aggression brought on by stress
B) An intense fear that the penis is disappearing or retracting into the body
C) Spirit possession resulting in an inability to speak or uncontrollable body movements
D) Experiencing a stressful life event that leads to uncontrollable shouting, crying, trembling, aggression, and suicidal gestures.

Question 10

Some people have criticized the DSM for __________.

A) being too narrow and failing to incorporate viewpoints from outside of the United States
B) failing to provide standardization of diagnostic codes for insurance billing
C) inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria
D) never being revised or updated

Question 11

Leroy has decided to transition surgically from a man to a woman. Although Leroy does not believe he is mentally ill, he believes the psychological disorder label is worth __________.

A) the receipt of disability benefits from work
B) the possibility of some surgical cost coverage from insurance
C) the reduced responsibility at work, while still earning the same pay
D) the potential for aid when making a legal name change

Question 12

Although overall rates for mental disorders are similar for men and women, __________ is more common in women, and __________ is more common in men.

A) depression; alcohol dependence
B) alcohol dependence; nicotine dependence
C) social phobia; specific phobia
D) nicotine dependence; antisocial personality disorder

Question 13

The oldest psychological approach to explaining abnormality is the psychoanalytic model, based on the work of __________.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) John Watson
C) Carl Rogers
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 14

MaryAnn experienced child abuse. She lacks the coping skills to deal with her depression and has a family history of depression. Her therapist believes that all of these factors should be recognized to help understand the causes of MaryAnn's depression. This approach is consistent with the __________ model.

A) diathesis neurological
B) stress-vulnerability
C) tertiary prevention
D) prevention-postvention

Question 15

Two of the more common neurodevelopmental disorders are __________.

A) autism spectrum disorder and Tourette's disorder
B) depression and Tourette's disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder and depression
D) depression and autism spectrum disorder

Question 16

Tommy is a seven-year-old boy who has difficulty with language skills. He is only interested in playing with his Tickle-Me Elmo toy, and his symptoms first showed up when he was eight months old. Tommy most likely has __________?

A) autism hyperactivity disorder
B) Tourette's disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) autism spectrum disorder

Question 17

According to some estimates, approximately one in every __________ people worldwide have autism spectrum disorder.

A) 10
B) 89
C) 132
D) 236

Question 18

Timothy will twirl while he is walking, which is combined with shrugging and bending. These __________ are indicative of __________.

A) simple motor tics; developmental disorders not otherwise specified
B) simple motor tics; Tourette's disorder
C) complex motor tics; Tourette's disorder
D) complex motor tics; developmental disorders not otherwise specified

Question 19

Julia has been diagnosed with schizophrenia after exhibiting __________ such as hallucinations and delusions and __________ such as alogia and social withdrawal.

A) behavioral symptoms; psychotic symptoms
B) psychotic symptoms; behavioral symptoms
C) negative symptoms; positive symptoms
D) positive symptoms; negative symptoms

Question 20

What is the best way to describe the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Clearly identifiable symptoms
B) Absences or deficits in normally expected behaviors
C) Added behaviors not seen in healthy people
D) Symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

Question 21

A __________ is when a person's muscles freeze into a statuelike pose, sometimes for hours.

A) catatonic delusional state
B) catatonic stupor
C) schizophrenic pause
D) schizophrenic debilitation

Question 22

Which of the following best describes the causes of schizophrenia?

A) Nature only
B) Nurture only
C) Nature first and then nurture
D) Nurture first and then nature

Question 23

Lenin is 18 years old, and his father has schizophrenia. Lenin lives in a crowded urban area and has started using drugs. This combination of __________ places Lenin at a high risk of developing schizophrenia.

A) structural brain abnormalities and unhealthy family interactions
B) genetics and unhealthy family interactions
C) genetics and environmental stressors
D) structural brain abnormalities and drug use

Question 24

Which category of disorders represents normal responses to human experience that become severe or chronic and begin to interfere with daily functioning and relationships?

A) Neurodevelopmental disorders
B) Mood and anxiety disorders
C) Dissociative and schizophrenic disorders
D) Personality disorders

Question 25

For the last three years, Alina has been experiencing mild fluctuations in mood between depression and mania, which has led to difficulties at work, including in her relationships with coworkers. She seeks help from a psychologist and finds out that she has a psychological disorder called __________.

A) bipolar I disorder
B) dysthymia
C) seasonal affective disorder
D) cyclothymic disorder

Question 26

For a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder, a person must have experienced __________, whereas for a diagnosis of bipolar II disorder, a person must have experienced __________.

A) one manic episode, but not necessarily a bout with depression; a current or past episode of depression and a current or past episode of mood elevation
B) a current or past episode of depression and a current or past episode of mood elevation; one manic episode, but not necessarily a bout with depression
C) a mild current or past episode of depression and a mild current or past episode of mood elevation; a long-lasting current or past episode of depression and a long-lasting current or past episode of mood elevation
D) one manic episode, but not necessarily a bout with depression; one episode of depression, but not necessarily a manic episode

Question 27

Major depressive disorder includes symptoms that affect __________.

A) thoughts only
B) thoughts and feelings
C) feelings and behaviors
D) behaviors, thoughts, and feelings

Question 28

The contribution of biological factors to depression is well documented, but which of the following environmental factors does your text suggest also contributes to depression?

A) Number of children
B) Family variables
C) Financial ability to take a vacation
D) Hormonal fluctuations

Question 29

If a person around you suffers from a panic attack you should __________.

A) seek emergency medical attention immediately
B) speak to the person in a calm and reassuring manner
C) have the person lay down and avoid any physical activity
D) tell them, "There is nothing to worry about"

Question 30

Chaetophobia is an unusual phobia characterized by a fear of __________.

A) hair
B) poetry
C) laughter
D) string

Question 31

Your text suggests some steps a person can take to reduce their risk for symptoms, or to lessen and control symptoms, of anxiety disorders. One of those suggestions is to __________.

A) avoid all prescription medications, as they all increase anxiety
B) take many naps, as people with anxiety need more sleep than nonanxious people
C) avoid drinking herbal teas, as these contain chemicals that can increase anxiety
D) avoid caffeinated products such as energy drinks, sodas, and coffee

Question 32

Margaret makes repeated attempts to pull out her own hair, despite trying to stop. Margaret is suffering from __________ disorder?

A) body dysmorphic
B) excoriation
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) trichotillomania

Question 33

Marissa has body dysmorphic disorder, which means she is __________.

A) picking skin form various sites on her body, despite repeated attempts to stop
B) pulling out her hair, despite repeated attempts to stop
C) preoccupied with perceived defects and flaws in her physical appearance, which causes her distress
D) experiencing distress because of the presence of recurrent and persistent thoughts and repetitive behaviors

Question 34

Which of the following people is more likely to be showing the first symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A) Erika, who is in her mid-30s and just landed her dream job
B) Horacio, who is in his mid-30s and frustrated in a part-time job
C) Emeline, who is in her early 20s and a junior in college
D) Victor, who is in his late 50s and just retired early

Question 35

The four categories of symptoms included in an illness anxiety inventory are __________.

A) behaviors, actions, perceptions, and emotions
B) perceptions, cognitive expectations, emotions, and actions
C) cognitive expectations, actions, thoughts, and emotions
D) emotions, perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors

Question 36

Brady is always seeking attention and is overly dramatic when he interacts with others. He most likely has __________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 37

Kevin shows feelings of inadequacy, is overly sensitive to negative evaluations, is inhibited, and avoids social interaction. He most likely has __________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) dependent
D) avoidant

Question 38

Which of the following describes a person with borderline personality disorder?

A) An individual has a pervasive pattern of needing to be taken care of.
B) An individual has instability in emotional expression and relationships.
C) An individual has a grandiose view of him- or herself.
D) An individual has feelings of inadequacy and avoids social interaction.

Question 39

John Calhoun, in the early 1990s, completed research on __________, from which he concluded that future animal research might be helpful in understanding __________.

A) humans; how crowded conditions affect reproductive abnormalities in humans
B) mice: how crowded human conditions affect submissiveness
C) chimpanzees; aggression in crowded human conditions
D) rats; social and personal deviance in crowded human conditions

Question 40

Although conducting research with animals limits our ability to discuss __________ behavior in humans, it does allow us to study behaviors in situations where __________.

A) the natural; human research is impractical
B) causation of; human research would be impossible
C) feelings motivating; human research is too time consuming
D) correlations with; human research would be impractical

Question 41

Define abnormal behaviors based on the criteria of deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger. Describe how culture plays a role in determining abnormality.

Question 42

Describe why the DSM-5 is considered a dynamic document. Give an example of one disorder that was contained in the DSM but has now been changed or removed, and explain why this change occurred.

Question 43

Identify the main reason that a person with a psychiatric disorder is given a diagnostic label. Describe both the potential benefits and drawbacks of labeling a person as suffering from a mental illness or disorder.

Question 44

Describe the three risk factors associated with psychological disorders identified in the stress-vulnerability model. Identify two of those psychological disorders and explain how the risk factors are seen in each.

Question 45

Identify and describe the symptoms of two major neurodevelopmental disorders associated with childhood. Explain why each is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder.

Question 46

Identify biological and environmental causes of schizophrenia. Explain how these causes interact in determining the probability that a person will exhibit the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 47

List and describe the three major bipolar-related disorders covered in your text. Explain how they differ from one another?

Question 48

Define dissociative disorders and describe the differences between depersonalization disorder and dissociative identity disorder. Discuss the controversy surrounding the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder.

Question 49

Describe somatic symptom disorders and how they differ from a physical illness. Give two examples of a somatic symptom disorder and describe the primary symptoms of each.

Question 50

Identify the two major types of personality disorders mentioned in your text and explain why personality disorders may be among the most problematic of the major psychiatric diagnoses. Define each disorder and describe the symptoms of each.