Deck 1: Urology

Question 1

The renal pelvis is the anatomical location of the kidney:

A) Responsible for the filtration of plasma
B) Where the proximal ureters leaves the kidney
C) Responsible for the reabsorption of solutes by the kidney
D) The firm, fibrous coat that surrounds the organ

Answer 1

Where the proximal ureters leaves the kidney

Question 2

Filtration of plasma takes place in which of the following histological structures of the kidney?

A) The glomerulus
B) The loop of Henle
C) The collecting tubules
D) Gerota's fascia

Answer 2

The glomerulus

Question 3

Which of the following substances are not actively reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney?

A) Amino acids
B) Ammonia
C) Glucose
D) Small proteins

Answer 3

Ammonia

Question 4

The glomerulus gets blood supply from an _______________ . Blood leaves the glomerulus through its _____________________.

A) Renal artery; renal vein
B) Proximal convoluted tubule; distal convoluted tubule
C) Efferent arteriole; afferent arteriole
D) Juxtaglomerular cells; collecting tubule

Question 5

Water is reabsorbed into the plasma by the kidney tubules in response to the action of:

A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Erythropoietin
C) Renin
D) Angiotensin II

Question 6

One effect of antidiuretic hormone on serum electrolytes is:

A) It raises serum potassium levels
B) It lowers serum potassium levels
C) It raises serum sodium levels
D) It lowers serum sodium levels

Question 7

If renal glomeruli become excessively permeable to proteins, the result is:

A) Nephrosis
B) Hyperproteinemia
C) Renal failure
D) Hyponatremia

Question 8

Of the following chemical tests on a person's blood, which is the most commonly used measure of renal function?

A) Serum chloride levels
B) Serum creatinine levels
C) Serum potassium levels
D) Urinary sodium levels

Question 9

A healthy woman, 60 years of age, weighing 60 kg, with a creatinine of 1.0,mg/dl has approximately what percentage of the kidney function of a healthy male of the same age, same mass, and the same measured level of serum creatinine?

A) 15%
B) 50%
C) 85%
D) 100%

Question 10

As a person ages, his or her renal function generally:

A) Declines
B) Improves
C) Stays the same

Question 11

The muscular tube through which urine drains from the kidney pelvis to the urinary bladder is the:

A) Urethra
B) Ureter
C) Prostate
D) Detrusor

Question 12

After running a marathon on a hot summer day, a 25-year-old male collapses at the finish line. His blood pressure is very low, and although he is overheated (body temperature 103°F), he is not sweating. During observation in the hospital for several hours, he is found to be anuric. What is the likely cause of his anuria?

A) Benign prostatic hypertrophy
B) Urinary tract infection
C) A kidney stone
D) Dehydration

Question 13

Which of the following drug classes is most likely to impair renal function?

A) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
B) Benzodiazepines
C) Calcium channel blockers
D) Topical steroids

Question 14

Which of the following has been used to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A) Psyllium
B) Saw palmetto
C) St. John's wort
D) Valerian

Question 15

The incidence of which of the following conditions DECREASES with age?

A) Benign prostatic hypertrophy
B) Cancer of the prostate
C) Sexually transmitted diseases
D) Erectile dysfunction

Question 16

Which of the following is the best to use to administer intravesicular chemotherapy?

A) A 30-gauge, 5/8 in needle
B) A 22-gauge, needleless system
C) A 20-gauge, 2 1/2 in needle [Yes, Two and a half]
D) An 18-French urethral catheter

Question 17

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a treatment for:

A) Psychological depression
B) Nephrolithiasis
C) Mallet finger
D) Cervical spinal fracture

Question 18

An 85-year-old male comes to the hospital in cardiogenic shock. His skin is cool and clammy, his blood pressure is 75 systolic, and he has moist rales throughout his lung fields. The best reason to place an indwelling bladder catheter in this patient is:

A) To monitor urinary output
B) To decrease his risk of urinary tract infection while hospitalized
C) To increase his comfort
D) To reduce his risk of falling

Question 19

Which of the following vaccines is infused into the bladder as a treatment for transitional cell bladder cancer?

A) Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine
B) Cholera vaccine
C) Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
D) Sabin vaccine

Question 20

Urinary tract pathogens include all the following organisms, EXCEPT:

A) Staphylococcus saprophyticus
B) Proteus mirabilis
C) Enterococcus faecium
D) Bacillus anthracis

Question 21

Which of the following herbals has been used as a remedy for benign prostatic hyperplasia?

A) Peganum harmala
B) Policosanol
C) Pygeum
D) Red rice yeast extract

Question 22

The liver is one of the most metabolically active organs. Amino acids in the liver are ultimately metabolized to ______________________, which circulates in the blood to the kidneys, which excrete it.

A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Urea
D) Bile

Question 23

The primary functions of the kidneys include:

A) Maintenance of water balance by the body
B) The excretion of water-soluble toxins from the body
C) The maintenance of acid-base balance by the body
D) The excretion of fat-soluble toxins from the body

Question 24

The kidneys are located:

A) Within the peritoneum
B) Behind teh peritoneum
C) On top of the lumbar vertebrae
D) Beneath the diaphragms

Question 25

The hilum of each kidney is the anatomical structure:

A) Responsible for the filtration of plasma
B) Where the renal artery enters
C) Responsible for the reabsorption of solutes by the kidney
D) Where the renal vein exits

Question 26

Which of the following symptoms is more commonly found in pyelonephritis than in cystitis?

A) Flank pain
B) Nausea and vomiting
C) High fevers
D) Prostration

Question 27

Which of the following conditions is a cause of polyuria?

A) Urinary tract infection
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Diabetes insipidus
D) Water intoxication

Question 28

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease as a result of type 1 diabetes mellitus, whose glomerular filtration rate is minimal, may prevent death from uremia with which of the following treatments?

A) Hemodialysis
B) Peritoneal dialysis
C) Pancreatic and renal transplantation
D) Diuretics and ACE inhibitors

Question 29

Bladder outlet obstruction:

A) Is caused by gallstones and may produce jaundice and right upper quadrant pain
B) May be produced by urinary stones or prostatic hyperplasia
C) Is a common cause of urinary difficulty in elderly men
D) May be worsened by the use of antihistamines