Question 1

An example of a skill from clinical practice that translates to population and community health settings is:&#10;A) SOAP note writing&#10;B) Goal writing&#10;C) Family education&#10;D) A discharge plan

Accepted Answer

In community practice settings, the occupational therapy practitioner utilizes these same skills and applies them in the context of a community to address the greater health needs of a population. Designing and implementing a program requires a similar thought process using reasoning skills to develop goals and objectives to implement a program.

Question 2

Community and population health practice views program development from a:&#10;A) Systems thinking approach&#10;B) Reductionist approach&#10;C) Health disparities approach&#10;D) Diffusion of innovation approach

Accepted Answer

Thinking from a community and population health perspective requires a systems thinking approach.

Question 3

An ideal state or ultimate level of achievement to which an organization aspires is the program's:&#10;A) Vision statement&#10;B) Mission statement&#10;C) Needs assessment&#10;D) Implementation plan

Accepted Answer

A vision statement outlines the "ideal state or ultimate level of achievement to which an organization aspires" (Strickland, 2011, p. 103). A vision statement is always something the program or organization is trying to attain. It, as described, should be visionary. A vision statement should also be brief but capture the essence of the dreams of the organization or program. Most community organizations and corporations have vision and mission statements that can be easily accessed on their websites. Often, programs begin development with the overall vision and mission to provide direction and focus.

Question 4

The purpose of an organization's mission statement is best described as:&#10;A) Accolades for past successes&#10;B) Identifying the reasons why the program was started&#10;C) Focusing on the values and the premise of the program&#10;D) A brief snapshot that captures the essence of the program or organization

Accepted Answer

The purpose of a mission statement is to focus on the values and the premise of the program. The purpose is not to provide accolades to past successes or identify the reasons why the program was started. Identifying core professional values helps guide what is most relevant to the mission statement. One caution here is to avoid jargon that might confuse people who are unfamiliar with occupational therapy terminology.

Question 5

An important question to ask when evaluating a mission statement is:&#10;A) Does the mission statement explain occupational therapy?&#10;B) Does the mission statement inspire?&#10;C) Is the mission statement short?&#10;D) Who will this mission statement serve?

Accepted Answer

One of the best strategies to developing a good mission statement is to seek advice and feedback. This advice should come from peers and community members. Seeking feedback ensures that others understand the intent of the program, which is the ultimate goal of the mission statement. The occupational therapy practitioner can ask others the following questions to help them evaluate the mission statement:
• Does the mission statement reveal the values of the program?
• What future direction does this mission statement indicate for this program?
• Does the mission statement inspire? Why or why not?
Answers to these questions can provide feedback on the clarity and relevance of a mission statement. Mission statements are not created in isolation. The intent is to provide focus and direction for the community program. Team members and community stakeholders are invaluable in this process and will help drive the formation of the mission.

Question 6

The portion of the implementation plan described as measurable, short-term, and usually containing a time line for completion is the:&#10;A) Goals&#10;B) Objectives&#10;C) Activities&#10;D) Outcomes

Accepted Answer

An implementation plan includes the goals, objectives, activities, and desired outcomes of the program. While goals capture intended outcomes of the program, objectives are more specific, identifying how goals will be met. Objectives are measurable, short-term, and usually contain a time line for completion (Doll, 2010). Goals and objectives are different but complementary.

Question 7

Implementation plan goals should be written following this best practice:&#10;A) Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, timely&#10;B) Long-term and future-oriented&#10;C) Measurable, short-term, and contain a time line for completion&#10;D) Identify how an intervention impacts a group of individuals

Accepted Answer

The mnemonic SMART can aid in writing appropriate program objectives (Doran, 1981). SMART stands for:
S = Specific
M = Measurable
A = Attainable
R = Relevant
T = Timely
Program objectives should be specific to the program, identifying a measurable outcome. It is important that objectives are attainable and feasible, considering time lines, resources, and staffing. Goals and objectives should be developed with the targeted population to be served with a focus on the community needs identified in the assessment. Written goals and objectives should align with community needs and wants to ensure they are relevant, improving the likelihood of success. This concept follows the occupational therapy principle of client-centered practice applied to a program model (Brownson, 2014; Law, 1998; Sumsion, 2006). Goals and objectives that focus on community needs facilitate community buy-in and programmatic success, making them timely. The SMART approach is useful not only when drafting objectives, but also when evaluating the match between objectives and program activities (Weis & Gantt, 2004).

Question 8

A strategy in implementation planning that focuses on identifying methods for recruitment is:&#10;A) Needs assessment&#10;B) Marketing plan&#10;C) Staffing&#10;D) Evaluation planning

Accepted Answer

Developing a marketing plan will help to identify methods for recruitment. The marketing plan may be referred to as a community awareness campaign depending on the program and target audience. Whatever the title, the marketing of services needs to be considered in the program design. When marketing, the occupational therapy practitioner or program team should consider all necessary venues and utilize community resources such as partners, advisory boards, coalitions, community members, and participants.

Question 9

A team is best defined as:&#10;A) Multiple health care professionals working in the same hospital unit&#10;B) A shared belief held by members of a team that the environment is safe for interpersonal risk-taking&#10;C) Like-minded individuals with similar interests working on a project&#10;D) Two or more individuals with a high degree of interdependence geared toward the achievement of a goal or the completion of a task

Accepted Answer

A team consists of "two or more individuals with a high degree of interdependence geared toward the achievement of a goal or the completion of a task" (Weiss, Tilin, & Morgan, 2018; White, & West, 2008, p. 3; Weiss, Tilin, & Morgan, 2018). A team differs from a group in the fact that teams are assembled with diverse perspectives to solve a problem, whereas groups are typically like-minded individuals with similar interests collaborating on a project (Drinka & Clark, 2016; Weiss et al., 2018). Teams make decisions, solve problems, develop a focus, and accomplish outcomes. In community practice, the team will include not only the occupational therapy practitioner and other experts, but also community partners and community members. Using a team approach provides different perspectives on program design and implementation, enhances program success and sustainability, and expands expertise and resources (Ruhs, 2000).

Question 10

A critical factor in becoming a high-performing team is:&#10;A) Psychological safety&#10;B) Communication&#10;C) Conflict&#10;D) Role clarification

Accepted Answer

Psychological safety is defined as "a shared belief held by members of a team that the team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking" (Edmondson, 1999, p. 350). Psychological safety occurs when team members feel it is "safe" to bring up concerns without fear of negative repercussions. Leaders promote psychological safety through role modeling and being accepting of mistakes, along with a willingness to listen to concerns, and following up with actions to address the concerns if relevant. Other strategies for helping a team evolve through conflict include diffusing hierarchies in the team when possible and embracing conflict as an opportunity to learn. In any team, the leader sets the tone and can help the team grow. The myth that all conflict should be resolved and all team members will be happy with the results of a conflict needs to be overcome in any productive team (Eichbaum, 2018).

Question 11

Shared power in a team is called:&#10;A) Psychological safety&#10;B) Distributive leadership&#10;C) Conflict resolution&#10;D) Role clarification

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shared power in a team is called:&#10;A)...

Question 12

Community organizations partner to work toward community change. The most successful partnerships are those that have:&#10;A) Formalized agreements&#10;B) An advisory board&#10;C) Funding&#10;D) Champions committed to having an impact on the community

Accepted Answer

The answer of Community organizations partner to work toward community...

Question 13

Engaging in community partnerships is not always easy and simple. One way the OT practitioner can support community partnerships is to have an in-depth understanding of:&#10;A) Formalized agreements&#10;B) Change process and culture&#10;C) Garnering grant funding&#10;D) Training community members on the role of OT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Engaging in community partnerships is not always...

Question 14

A group of individuals who guide the organization in its mission, finances, and programming is known as:&#10;A) An advisory board&#10;B) A board of directors&#10;C) A community coalition&#10;D) A community partnership

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of individuals who guide the...

Question 15

Community coalitions are typically composed of active and engaged community members, often known as:&#10;A) Stakeholders&#10;B) Focus group members&#10;C) Board members&#10;D) Program managers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Community coalitions are typically composed of active...

Question 16

The most formal structure for monitoring a program or organization is:&#10;A) An advisory board&#10;B) A board of directors&#10;C) A community coalition&#10;D) An executive director

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most formal structure for monitoring a...

Question 17

Program sustainability requires:&#10;A) Grant funding&#10;B) Ongoing evaluation&#10;C) An advisory board&#10;D) An executive director

Accepted Answer

The answer of Program sustainability requires:&#10;A) Grant funding&#10;B) Ongoing evaluation&#10;C)...

Question 18

An action plan outlining specifically what needs to be done and who needs to do it in order to maintain the program is called a:&#10;A) Marketing plan&#10;B) Fund-raising plan&#10;C) Sustainability plan&#10;D) Program plan

Accepted Answer

The answer of An action plan outlining specifically what needs...

Question 19

An approach to planning for program sustainability is:&#10;A) Grant funding&#10;B) Ongoing evaluation&#10;C) A community coalition&#10;D) A sustainability task force

Accepted Answer

The answer of An approach to planning for program sustainability...

Deck 6: Program Design and Implementation Introduction