Deck 12: Understanding Abnormal Behaviour and Mental Disorders in Psychology

Question 1

Based on your text's discussion, most importantly, abnormal behaviour:

A) causes personal distress.
B) impairs daily functioning.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Answer 1

both of these options

Question 2

According to your text, the major perspectives on abnormality:

A) suggest different courses of treatment for psychological disorders.
B) emphasize different potential causes of psychological disorders.
C) tend to apply most directly to different types of disorders.
D) All of these

Answer 2

All of these

Question 3

Which perspective on abnormal behaviour places the greatest emphasis on early childhood and internal emotions and drives?

A) psychoanalytic perspective
B) biomedical perspective
C) humanistic perspective
D) cognitive perspective

Answer 3

psychoanalytic perspective

Question 4

Psychoanalytic treatment involves:

A) administering drugs.
B) examining early childhood experiences.
C) modifying current thought patterns.
D) shaping different behaviours.

Question 5

The behavioural perspective asserts that abnormality reflects:

A) genetic anomalies.
B) faulty learning.
C) maladaptive thinking.
D) childhood conflicts.

Question 6

Which therapist is correctly labelled with the perspective he or she seems to take?

A) Dr. Coates primarily prescribes psychotropic drugs -biomedical
B) Dr. Pugliese tries to shape new, more adaptive behaviours in his clients -cognitive
C) Dr. Donnelly encourages the development of more realistic thought processes in his clients - psychodynamic
D) All these therapists are correctly labelled.

Question 7

Today, the standard reference work for the classification of psychological abnormality is:

A) the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual by the American Psychiatric Association.
B) the Diagnosis and Symptoms Manual by the American Psychiatric Association.
C) the Big Book of Madness, illustrated edition.
D) Insanity for Dummies, revised edition.

Question 8

Which perspective on abnormality does the DSM most clearly or directly reflect?

A) psychoanalytic
B) medical
C) cognitive
D) behavioural

Question 9

Thomas is experiencing insomnia, tension headaches, and heart palpitations. He is most likely suffering from:

A) a phobic reaction.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) a panic attack.
D) a compulsion.

Question 10

The potential biological bases of anxiety disorders include:

A) irregularities in the production of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
B) an overactive autonomic nervous system.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 11

Which of the following potential explanations of anxiety disorders is/are CORRECTLY matched with the perspective it reflects?

A) Anxiety disorders reflect the unrealistic perception of threats in the environment -psychodynamic perspective
B) Anxiety disorders reflect a learned response to stress -cognitive perspective
C) Both are correctly matched.
D) Neither is correctly matched.

Question 12

Approximately ______ of college students have received a diagnosis of depression.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 13

Women are _______ likely to experience major depression as are men.

A) equally
B) actually less
C) three times as
D) twice as

Question 14

Which of these is probably the BEST answer to the question, "Why has the rate of depression increased dramatically around the world in the past few generations?"

A) "I'm not sure."
B) "I'm not sure exactly why, but the fact that it has increased seems to support genetic explanations for mood disorders."
C) "I'm not sure exactly why, but the fact that it has increased seems to support environmental or . sociocultural explanations for mood disorders."
D) "The increase probably isn't real."

Question 15

A plausible explanation of mood disorders can attribute them to:

A) biological factors.
B) cognitive factors.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 16

Which of the following explanations have been offered for the fact that women are more likely to experience depression than are men?

A) Women's lives are more stressful than are men's.
B) Women cope differently with stress than do men.
C) Female hormones predispose women to depression.
D) All of these

Question 17

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) blunted emotions
D) All of these are negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 18

The defining characteristic of schizophrenia is:

A) a severe disturbance in emotional experience.
B) a severe distortion of reality.
C) a persistent feeling of dread or apprehension.
D) a separation of the different facets of an individual's identity.

Question 19

_________ schizophrenia is dominated by negative symptoms; _________ schizophrenia is characterized mostly by positive symptoms.

A) Reactive; process
B) Process; reactive
C) Type I; Type II
D) Type II; Type I

Question 20

Your text suggests that social class and dysfunctional family relationships might contribute to the development of antisocial personality disorder. Your text appears to adopt a ________ perspective on the disorder.

A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) sociocultural

Question 21

Lionel is 2 years old. His communication is severely impaired. He appears withdrawn and unresponsive to affection. He is most likely to be diagnosed with:

A) ADHD.
B) Down syndrome.
C) major depression.
D) autism.

Question 22

What is the relationship between binge eating disorder and bulimia?

A) Nothing-the terms are interchangeable.
B) Binge eating disorder is a newer term for bulimia
C) Bulimia is more severe than binge eating disorder.
D) Binge eating disorder does not involve purging or other attempts to prevent weight gain.

Question 23

Because of their purely biological origin, organic mental disorders are best approached from a(n)_______ perspective.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioural
C) biomedical
D) cognitive

Question 24

About what percentage of interviewed subjects between the ages 15 and 54 reported experiencing a psychological disorder at some point during their lives?

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 48%

Question 25

The two most common psychological disorders in contemporary America are, in order,

A) depression and alcohol dependence.
B) alcohol dependence and depression.
C) depression and panic disorder.
D) alcohol dependence and panic disorder.

Question 26

Global challenges with respect to mental health include which of these problems?

A) the fact that in developing countries, 90% of people receive no care at all for their disorders
B) the economic disparities in treatment, with affluent people receiving excellent care for mild disorders . and poor people receiving little or no care for severe difficulties
C) the wide variation in the prevalence of different disorders in different parts of the world
D) All of these

Question 27

The content of the DSM:

A) changes little from edition to edition.
B) is relatively unaffected by broad social trends.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 28

Which of the following was completely taken out of the DSM-IV-TR after considerable debate?

A) self-defeating personality disorder
B) binge eating disorder
C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 29

Why was self-defeating personality disorder removed from the DSM?

A) There was too little empirical support for its existence.
B) The label appeared to blame victimized women for their abuse.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 30

With respect to premenstrual dysphoric disorder, which of these statements is TRUE?

A) It was newly added to the latest edition of the DSM.
B) It was demoted to the DSM's appendix in the most recent edition.
C) It has never appeared in the DSM, and still doesn't.
D) It was completely removed from the latest edition of the DSM.

Question 31

Which of the values of psychology are embodied in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) objectivity: self-defeating personality disorder, for example, was removed from the manual owing to a lack of empirical evidence for its existence.
B) social responsibility: self-defeating personality disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder were eliminated or demoted in the current edition of the manual, because they reflect-and potentially perpetuate-the marginalization of women.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 32

Of all the disorders in the DSM, how many are found in all the cultures of the world?

A) All except one or two very rare disorders
B) about one dozen
C) only four
D) about half

Question 33

Koro is:

A) a term used in regions of South Africa to refer to people who hear the voices of the dead.
B) a psychological disorder found in parts of Asia but not in the West.
C) a psychological disorder found in parts of Africa but not in the West.
D) a term used by Plains Indians to refer to people who hear the voices of the dead.

Question 34

Why do so many psychologists today use an eclectic approach?

A) There is substantial overlap among the various approaches to psychological treatment.
B) Psychological disorders are not usually caused by both psychological and biological processes.
C) Strict biomedical and psychotherapeutic approaches are often ineffective.
D) neither of these options

Question 35

Psychodynamic therapy involves:

A) the explicit consideration of past experiences.
B) the use of drugs and medical procedures.
C) behaviour modification techniques.
D) an attempt to challenge the patient's current thinking patterns.

Question 36

Which of these statements best expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy?

A) Psychoanalysis is a synonym for psychodynamic therapy.
B) Psychodynamic therapy is one type of psychoanalysis.
C) Psychoanalysis is one type of psychodynamic therapy.
D) None of these accurately expresses the relationship between psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapy.

Question 37

Psychoanalysts attempt to access the unconscious through:

A) dream analysis.
B) free association.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 38

Which of the following statements accurately identifies a disadvantage of psychodynamic therapy?

A) It assumes that patients are highly articulate and verbal.
B) It may cause a high degree of insight into one's life.
C) It is less time consuming than other forms of psychotherapy.
D) Both A and B

Question 39

Which of these statements accurately represent(s) potential criticism(s) of aversive conditioning?

A) It may not be effective in the long term.
B) It is not effective in treating substance-abuse problems
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 40

How do exposure treatments differ from systematic desensitization?

A) Exposure treatments do not use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does.
B) Exposure treatments use a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking stimuli; systematic desensitization does not.
C) Exposure treatments do not use relaxation training; systematic desensitization does.
D) none of these options

Question 41

Which of these operant conditioning techniques is CORRECTLY paired with its description?

A) token system-an individual is rewarded for desired behaviour with such items as chips or play money,which he or she can exchange for desired items.
B) contingency contracting- an individual models desired behaviour for the client.
C) observational learning- the therapist and client create a written agreement specifying the consequences for desirable and undesirable behaviours.
D) contingency contracting-an individual is rewarded for desired behaviour with such items as chips or play money, which he or she can exchange for desired items.

Question 42

Contingency contracts specify:

A) the negative consequences for undesirable behaviour.
B) the positive consequences for desirable behaviour.
C) the behavioural goals for the client.
D) All of these

Question 43

According to humanistic therapists, psychological disorders reflect:

A) feelings of emptiness and alienation.
B) unconscious conflicts and early experiences.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) faulty learning.

Question 44

One criticism of humanistic approaches to therapy is that:

A) they do not place enough emphasis on concepts such as freedom.
B) they tend to ignore the importance of personal growth potential.
C) they lack sufficient specificity to satisfy the critics.
D) they tend to be ineffective with highly verbal clients.

Question 45

Which of the following therapeutic approaches is typical of group therapy?

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) psychoanalytic
D) Any of these

Question 46

Which of the following might account for the fact that the effectiveness of psychotherapy is about the same, no matter the type of therapy?

A) Different therapies are effective for different problems, so the overall effectiveness of the different types of therapy averages out.
B) All the different types of therapy share several common elements.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 47

Using a(n) _________ approach, therapists blend a variety of techniques to treat an individual's disorder.

A) evidence-based
B) eclectic
C) meta-analytic
D) All of these

Question 48

The modern drug therapy era began in the ____, with the introduction of antipsychotic drugs.

A) 1940s
B) 1950s
C) 1960s
D) 1970s

Question 49

The newest antipsychotics are called _________ antipsychotics; they influence the neurotransmitters___________.

A) atypical; norepinephrine and dopamine
B) atypical; dopamine and serotonin
C) tricyclic; norepinephrine and dopamine
D) tricyclic; dopamine and serotonin

Question 50

Which of the following ACCURATELY reflects a difference between antidepressant drugs and antipsychotic drugs?

A) Antidepressants have few if any side effects.
B) Antidepressants do not produce the long-term changes in behaviour that antipsychotics do.
C) Antidepressants produce longer-term changes than do antipsychotic drugs.
D) none of these options

Question 51

Ida has bipolar disorder. Most likely, she would be prescribed:

A) lithium, for both the manic and depressive phases.
B) an antidepressant.
C) an antianxiety drug.
D) lithium for the manic phase, as well as an antidepressant for the depressive phase.

Question 52

Which of the following statements reflects a potential limitation or hazard of the use of antianxiety drugs?

A) The use of antianxiety drugs may lead to dependency.
B) Some antianxiety drugs can be very dangerous if they are taken in combination with alcohol.
C) The use of these drugs may simply mask an individual's underlying problems.
D) All of these

Question 53

The use of ECT has ________ in the last decade.

A) remained unchanged
B) increased
C) largely ceased
D) declined somewhat

Question 54

Which of these statements is/are TRUE with respect to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A) It is more targeted than ECT.
B) It is still experimental.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 55

The "heyday" of the prefrontal lobotomy was in the:

A) 1920s and '30s.
B) 1930s and '40s.
C) 1940s and '50s.
D) 1950s and '60s.

Question 56

Which of these is NOT one of the negative consequences of the use of psychosurgery?

A) aggression
B) docility
C) memory loss
D) death

Question 57

From 1989 to 2001, the proportion of college students taking medication for psychological disorders has:

A) remained constant.
B) increased from 10% to 25%.
C) increased from 25% to 35%.
D) declined.

Question 58

According to your text, the newest form of biomedical treatment is:

A) a new type of psychosurgery.
B) more targeted ECT.
C) gene therapy.
D) brain customization.

Question 59

Potential disadvantages of biomedical therapy include which of these problems?

A) Biomedical therapies sometimes produce severe side effects.
B) Biomedical therapies may treat only symptoms, rather than underlying causes.
C) The availability of biomedical therapy may lead therapists to overlook other, potentially helpful therapies.
D) All of these

Question 60

Your text describes recent research comparing the effects of psychotherapy and drug therapy on the activity of specific brain areas among patients with major depression. The results indicated that:

A) psychotherapy and drug therapy both normalized the function of specific brain areas among patients
With major depression.
B) neither psychotherapy nor drug therapy had much effect on the function of specific brain areas among patients with major depression.
C) psychotherapy normalized the function of specific brain areas among patients with major depression, but drug therapy did not.
D) drug therapy normalized the function of specific brain areas among patients with major depression, but psychotherapy did not.

Question 61

Community psychology came of age in the _____; its aim was to __________ the incidence ofpsychological disorders.

A) 1960s; prevent
B) 1960s; minimize
C) 1970s; prevent
D) Both A and B

Question 62

Reasons for the deinstitutionalization of a large number of mental patients beginning in the 1960s included:

A) the advent of community mental health centers.
B) the growth of drug therapies.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 63

Positive outcomes of the community psychology movement include:

A) the establishment of many telephone crisis lines.
B) the development of high school and college crisis centers.
C) both of these options
D) neither of these options

Question 64

Which of the following is one of the criteria used for defining what is abnormal?

A) deviant
B) maladaptive
C) personally distressful
D) all of these options

Question 65

What did Laura Summerfeldt and colleagues find was true for individuals with anxiety disorders?

A) they tend to have lower interpersonal skills
B) they tend to have lower intrapersonal skills
C) they tend to have higher organizational
D) all of these options

Question 66

Approximately 1 in ___ Canadians experiences major depression at least once in their lifetime.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

Question 67

Psychologist Norman Endler's research included depression, anxiety, coping and stress. Which psychological disorder did he battle?

A) schizophrenia
B) major depression
C) bipolar disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 68

Out of all of the negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia, which did George Foussias and colleagues find was the strongest predictor of poor functioning in individuals with schizophrenia?

A) social withdrawal
B) lack of motivation
C) blunted emotions
D) none of these options

Question 69

Colonel Russell Williams is an example of someone who has which personality disorder?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) none of these options-he doesn't have a personality disorder!

Question 70

Sudden memory loss after experiencing extreme psychological stress is an example of which dissociative disorder?

A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociate identity disorder
D) none of these options

Question 71

Sudden amnesia with flight-leaving the area associating with a stressor and assuming a new identity-is an example of which dissociative disorder?

A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) none of these options

Question 72

An individual who has two or more distinct personalities with separate traits, behaviours, mannerisms, and memories would be diagnosed with which of the following dissociative disorders?

A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) none of these options

Question 73

Which of the following symptoms are signs that a person may need the help of a mental health professional?

A) prolonged depression or feelings of hopelessness
B) withdrawal from other people
C) thoughts of inflicting harm on oneself or suicide
D) all of these are signs that a person may need professional help

Question 74

Which of the following symptoms are signs that a person may need the help of a mental health professional?

A) a fear or phobia that prevents the person from engaging in everyday activities
B) inability to interact effectively with others, preventing the development of friendships and loving
Relationships
C) long-term feelings of distress that interfere with a person's sense of well-being, competence, and ability to function in daily activities
D) all of these are signs that a person may need professional help

Question 75

Although the ________ perspective on abnormality has been criticized for its fuzzy, almost philosophicalconcepts, it has been quite influential in clinical practice.

Question 76

Sheila, a schizophrenic, is not only emotionally flat but also socially withdrawn; she may have Type ____schizophrenia

Question 77

Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and _________.

Question 78

Of all the major disorders described in the DSM, only a few-______ to be exact-appear in everyculture in the world.

Question 79

Maureen tends to stay in relationships with abusive men. By a previous edition of the DSM, she may well have been diagnosed with _________ personality disorder.

Question 80

Currently, the proportion of college students taking psychotropic medication is ___.