Deck 4: Audition and Vestibular Function

Question 1

Which physical property of a tone is most closely related to the perception of pitch?

A) Amplitude
B) Frequency
C) Duration
D) Timbre

Answer 1

B

Question 2

As the frequency of a tone varies from low to high frequency we would expect to perceive a change in the tones

A) Amplitude
B) Frequency
C) Duration
D) Pitch

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which physical property of a sound is most closely related to loudness

A) Amplitude
B) Frequency
C) Duration
D) Timbre

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Increasing the difference between the maximum and minimum sound pressures of a sound wave would result in

A) An increase in frequency of the tone
B) An increase in the duration of the tone
C) An increase in the loudness of the tone
D) An increase in the timbre of the tone

Question 5

_____ is the physical unit of measurement that is logarithmically related to sound pressure.

A) Hertz
B) Loudness
C) Decibel
D) Newtons

Question 6

The decibel scale is

A) Expresses the logrithim of algebraic difference between the loudest and weakest audible sounds
B) Expresses the logarithm of the ratio of the sound of interest to a reference sound
C) Expresses the logarithm of algebraic sum between a sound of interest and reference sound
D) None of the above

Question 7

The ratio of the weakest tone we can hear and the loudest tone we can hear without damaging our hearing is approximately
A) About a hundred to one

A) About a million to one
B) About a thousand to one
C) About a trillion to one

Question 8

The French Mathematician proved that any_____ waveform can be decomposed a _____ waveform into a collection of ______.

A) Sine waves; complex
B) Square; complex
C) Complex; sine waves.
D) Intense; weaker sounds

Question 9

A tuning fork unlike a human voice produces

A) A simple sound consisting of a single wave form
B) A complex sound consisting of many sine waves
C) A simple sound consisting of many sine waves
D) A square wave

Question 10

The pinna is part of the

A) Inner ear
B) Outer ear
C) Middle ear
D) cochlea

Question 11

This structure is filled with fluid.

A) Inner ear
B) Outer ear
C) Middle ear
D) cochlea

Question 12

Movements of the tympanic membrane are conveyed to the oval window of the inner ear by the __________.

A) Ear canal
B) Pinna
C) Ossicles
D) cochlea

Question 13

Movements of the tympanic membrane are conveyed to the oval window of the inner ear by the __________.

A) Ear canal
B) Pinna
C) Ossicles
D) cochlea

Question 14

The aural reflex

A) offers some protection from loud extended sounds
B) refers to a tightening of the muscles attached to the middle ear bones
C) reflects a tightening of the Tensor Tympani and Stapedius
D) all of the above

Question 15

The ____________sense inclination of the head with respect to gravity.

A) Ossicles
B) Otlith organs
C) Cochlea.
D) Saccules

Question 16

The ____________sense motion cause by rotation.

A) Semicircular canals
B) Otlith organs
C) Cochlea.
D) Saccules

Question 17

The ____________reflex allows us to make corrective eye movements when in motion

A) tracking
B) vergence
C) vestibulo-ocular
D) saccadic

Question 18

The theory that attributes motion sickness to an congruence between vestibular motion cues and visual cues is called

A) Postural Instability Theory
B) Convergence Theory
C) Postural conflict theory
D) Sensory Conflict theory

Question 19

The theory that attributes motion sickness delays or errors in postural corrections is called

A) Postural Instability Theory
B) Convergence Theory
C) Postural conflict theory
D) Sensory Conflict theory

Question 20

______ refers to the idea that the coordinated firing of multiple auditory fibers can provide a temporal code for frequency.

A) Two-tone suppression
B) The volley principle
C) Place code
D) Rate saturation

Question 21

______ refers to the idea that a sounds frequency is encoded by the particular segment of the basilar membrane that is maximally stimulated.

A) Two-tone suppression
B) The volley principle
C) Rate saturation
D) Place code

Question 22

The volley principle is believed to account for the coding of

A) Low frequency tones
B) Timbre
C) Loud sounds
D) High frequency tones

Question 23

The place code principle is believed to account for the coding of

A) Two-tone suppression
B) Low frequency tones
C) High frequency tones
D) Sound intensity

Question 24

The place and volley principles

A) are mutually exclusive
B) are complementary
C) account for the encoding of a sounds intensity
D) none of the above

Question 25

The firing rate of an auditory fiber encodes

A) a tones loudness or amplitude
B) a tones frequency
C) a tones pitch
D) a tones on-set

Question 26

Human listeners are maximally sensitive to sounds in the frequency range of

A) 20 to 500 Hz
B) 200 to 4000 Hz
C) 2000 to 5000 Hz
D) 6000 to 10000 Hz

Question 27

The unit of measure for pitch is

A) a decible
B) a Sone
C) a Phon
D) a Mel

Question 28

The relationship between a tones frequency and its perceived pitch is ________; so a doubling of a tones frequency ________ result in a doubling in the sounds perceived pitch.

A) Linear, will
B) Linear, will-not
C) Non-linear, will-not
D) Non-linear, will

Question 29

Factors known to affect the perceived pitch of a sound include

A) Frequency
B) Duration
C) Intensity
D) All of the above

Question 30

Sounds such as those produced by instruments are called complex, and consist of __________ frequencies that are integer multiples of the ________frequency.

A) harmonics, critical
B) harmonics, essential
C) harmonics, fundamental
D) fundamental, harmonic

Question 31

The analysis of a complex sound shows that it is composed of a frequency of 600 Hz, 1200 Hz, 1800 Hz, and 2400 Hz. The 600 Hz frequency is called a _______ frequency in this example.

A) base
B) fundamental
C) harmonic
D) critical

Question 32

The sound quality that allows a listener to tell the difference between a trumpet and piano playing the same note is referred to as _______.

A) Timbre
B) Harmonics
C) Pitchiness
D) Decay

Question 33

Auditory ______ is when a second sound makes the detection of another sound more difficult.

A) Obstruction
B) Masking
C) Auditory suppression
D) Interference

Question 34

Auditory masking studies have shown that as a low frequency masking tone increases in amplitude that its masking effects extend more broadly

A) Affecting lower and higher frequency sounds equally well
B) Preferentially affecting only lower frequency sounds
C) Preferentially affecting higher frequency sounds
D) None of the above

Question 35

The relationship between sound amplitude and perceived intensity is such that

A) at low amplitudes, a doubling of a sounds amplitude produces large change in a sounds intensity, whereas at higher amplitudes, large increases in sound amplitude produce little changes in sounds intensity
B) at low amplitudes, a doubling of a sounds amplitude produces doubling of a sounds intensity and the same is observed at higher sound amplitudes
C) There is little change in the perception of sound intensity with changes in a sounds amplitude.
D) at low amplitudes, a doubling of a sounds amplitude produces little change in a sounds intensity; whereas at amplitudes intensities, smaller increases in sound amplitude produce large changes in sounds intensity

Question 36

Two points lying on the same equal loudness contour (i.e., Fletcher-Munson curve) represent

A) Two tones that are just detectable
B) two tones that are noticeably intensity
C) two tones that differ in pitch
D) two tones that are perceived to be equally loud

Question 37

One important characteristic of equal loudness curves is that they get flatter indicating that

A) As amplitude increases different frequency tones (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) contribute less perceived loudness
B) As amplitude increases different frequency tones (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) contribute more unequally to perceived loudness
C) As amplitude increases different frequency tones (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) are perceived to be more alike in perceived loudness
D) As amplitude increases different frequency tones (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) are perceived to differ more in perceived loudness

Question 38

The loudness button found on some stereo systems is designed to compensate for

A) The non-linear relationship between sound frequency and pitch
B) Reduced contribution of low frequency sounds to perceived loudness at low amplitudes
C) Differences in detection threshold as a function of sound frequency.
D) None of the above

Question 39

A 500 Hz and 2000 Hz tones having the same perceived intensity

A) would also have the same Phon value
B) would also have different Sone values
C) would also have the same decibel values
D) would also have different Phon values

Question 40

The unit of measure used to express the relative intensity of a sound is

A) Sones
B) Phons
C) Hertz
D) Decibels

Question 41

A sound perceived to be twice as intense as a 40 dB, 1000 Hz tone sound have a Sone value of

A) 10
B) 2
C) ½
D) 3

Question 42

The interaural intensity differences are most effective for

A) Sound frequencies between 2000 and 3000 Hz
B) Sound frequencies below 1000 Hz
C) Sound frequencies greater than 3000 Hz
D) Sound frequencies above 10,000 Hz

Question 43

Interaual time differences (ITI) convey information that a sound is coming from

A) Directly behind us
B) Directly in front of us
C) The side
D) Directly below us

Question 44

The principle of interaural time differences (ITI) is that

A) Sounds that are farther away take longer to reach the person
B) The head casts an acoustic shadow that affects perception of tones form the far ear
C) Different frequency sounds have different rates of vibration.
D) Sounds originating from to the side of a listener reach one ear earlier than the other ear

Question 45

You are more likely to confuse the location of a sound directly in front of you with a sound located

A) To your left
B) To your right
C) Directly behind you
D) None of the above

Question 46

The folds and crevices of the Pinna provide cues to a sounds

A) Azimuth
B) Elevation
C) Intensity
D) Movement

Question 47

The finding that the localization of sounds is based on sounds arriving first to each ear is called

A) The precedence effect
B) The phase shift effect
C) Interaural intensity difference effect
D) The lagging sound effect

Question 48

An advantage of auditory signals is that

A) They do not require the operator to be positioned directly in front of the signal
B) Operators can't close their to an auditory signal
C) The signal is omidirectional
D) All of the above are an advantage of auditory signal

Question 49

It is recommended that

A) Alarms be as loud as possible to draw an operators attention
B) Alarms are 15-25 dB above masked thresholds ensuring they are unlikely to be missed.
C) Alarms be loud enough to startle an operator but not loud enough to cause hearing damage
D) Alarms are 5-10 dB above detection threshold

Question 50

A synthetic tone specifically designed to symbolize a state or action is called

A) A auditory icon
B) A sonificiation
C) A sound
D) An earcon

Question 51

The mapping of numerical relations on to an acoustic domain is call

A) A auditory icon
B) A sound
C) A sonificiation
D) An earcon

Question 52

Hearing loss associated with normal aging is called

A) Sociocusis
B) Presbycusis
C) Prosopagnosia
D) Protonopia

Question 53

Exposure to loud sounds that do not cause hearing loss may produce

A) A permanent threshold shift
B) A temporary threshold shift
C) Aural ataxia
D) presbyopa

Question 54

Temporary threshold shifts

A) Can last from minutes to hours
B) Are cause by loud sounds
C) Can raise thresholds by 50 dB's
D) All of the above

Question 55

Techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of electronic communications systems is call

A) Sociocusis
B) Intelligence
C) Speech intelligibility
D) SPIN

Question 56

Speech intelligibility performance is

A) Better for sentences than for individual words
B) Best for individual words than sentence
C) the same for sentence and words
D) is best for acronyms

Question 57

Which of the following would not be expected to improve speech intelligiblity

A) Allowing the listener to see the speakers face
B) Eliminating sounds in the range of 400-4000 Hz
C) Using a smaller vocabulary set
D) Knowing beforehand what subject of the communication might be about

Question 58

Noise induced hearing loss, unlike normal age-related hear loss is characterized by

A) A gradual loss in sensitivity across all sound frequencies
B) A loss in sensitivity that is generally greater for women than men
C) A notch reflecting a loss of sensitivity centered at 4000 Hz
D) Loses in sensitivity for low frequency sounds

Question 59

Which of the following statements is incorrect

A) Men show greater changes in hearing loss
B) Hearing loss is more common in men
C) Women small losses in hearing sensitivity to all sound frequencies
D) Women show reduced sensitivity to higher frequencies but the decline is more gradual than that seen in men

Question 60

The difficulty older adults have understanding speech has been attributed to

A) Difficulties with attention
B) Presbyopia
C) Difficulties with localizing sounds
D) Loss in sensitivity to high frequency sounds