Deck 5: Social Psychology

Question 1

The participants in the Milgram study were:

A)40 male students
B)40 female students
C)40 men and women aged between 20 and 50
D)40 men aged between 20 and 50
E)40 women aged between 20 and 50

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The IV in Milgram's study was:

A)The prods from the experimenter
B)The voltage level on the shock machine
C)There was no true IV
D)The percentage of participants administering the maximum shock level
E)Whether the 'learner' gave a correct or incorrect answer

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Milgram, which of the following scenarios might make levels of obedience increase?

A)If the participant is English
B)If the participant can see the learner
C)If the experiment is held in a scruffy office
D)If the participant thinks the results of the experiment do not matter
E)If the authority figure is dressed very smartly

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What was the maximum shock level in Milgram's study?

A)200 volts
B)350 volts
C)300 volts
D)240 volts
E)450 volts

Question 5

In Milgram's study what percentage of participants was fully obedient to the experiment and administered the maximum shock level?

A)0.26
B)0.65
C)0.7
D)0.45
E)0.4

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is false?

A)Milgram had expected very low levels of obedience before this study
B)Some participants in this study experienced extreme stress
C)According to Milgram, the situation is more powerful than personality
D)Milgram did get some ethical approval prior to the study
E)Originally, Milgram intended to show that Germans were more obedient than Americans

Question 7

Which of the following ethical guidelines did Milgram not break?

A)Informed consent
B)Debriefing
C)Right to withdraw
D)Deception
E)Distress

Question 8

Reicher and Haslam's prison study uses:

A)A matched design
B)A cross-sectional design
C)longitudinal design
D)An independent measures design
E)A repeated measures design

Question 9

and Haslam screened their potential participants by using:

A)Medical references
B)Character references
C)Psychometric tests of authoritarianism
D)All of these
E)Psychometric tests of self-esteem

Question 10

Why was Reicher and Haslam's prison simulation stopped?

A)The BBC were losing viewing figures
B)Too many participants wanted to leave
C)None of these reasons
D)A group of guards formulated a plan for a harsh prison regim
E)The study ran out of time

Question 11

Why was Prisoner 10 introduced on day 5 of Reicher and Haslam's prison simulation?

A)To show there was permeability between groups
B)To increase 'cognitive alternatives' to prisoners
C)To unionise the prisoners
D)To increase the legitimacy of power in the prison
E)Because he was unable to join at the beginning

Question 12

Which of the following is not a difference between Reicher and Haslam's study and the original Stanford Prison experiment (Zimbardo)?

A)In Zimbardo's study, participants could not change between their designated role of prisoner or guard, whereas this was possible in Reicher and Haslam's study
B)Zimbardo claimed that his study showed that participants have a natural tendency to take on power and become tyrannical whereas Reicher and Haslam explained tyranny more in terms of lack of group identification and the failure of groups
C)Reicher and Haslam went to some lengths to inform participants of likely ethical issues and distress they might encounter in the study before it commenced, whereas Zimbardo did not
D)In Zimbardo's study, the prison guards were briefed to create fear and give the prisoners a sense of powerlessness, whereas this did not happen in Zimbardo's study
E)Reicher and Haslam deliberately lied to participants about how participants were selected for the role of guard (they said it was based on personality traits), whereas Zimbardo did not

Question 13

Which of the following describes the relationship between authoritarianism measures and prisoners and guards over the course of Reicher and Haslam's study? Authoritarianism:

A)Decreased in both guards and prisoners
B)Remained the same for both prisoners and guards
C)Remained the same for prisoners, but increased in guards
D)Decreased in guards, but increased in prisoners
E)Increased in guards but decreased in prisoners

Question 14

What kind of sample took part in Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study?

A)Quota
B)Random
C)Opportunity
D)Stratified
E)Volunteer

Question 15

In Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study the victim collapses after how many seconds into the journey?

A)10 seconds
B)50 seconds
C)90 seconds
D)70 seconds
E)30 seconds

Question 16

Which of the following was not a victim condition in Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study?

A)Black, ill
B)White, blind
C)White, drunk
D)White, ill
E)Black, drunk

Question 17

Which of the following were DVs in Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study?

A)Comments made by passengers
B)All of the answers
C)Whether victims were helped or not
D)Latency of helping
E)None of the answers

Question 18

According to Piliavin's 'model of response to an emergency situation', which of the following is not a way of reducing the arousal (stress) caused by seeing an emergency situation?

A)Deciding the victim is not worthy of help
B)Continuing to watch
C)Leaving the situation
D)Getting someone else to help
E)Helping

Question 19

Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study did not find any effect for diffusion of responsibility, even though previous research had found this effect. What is the explanation for this?

A)The drunk victims were helped spontaneously less often
B)More people left the carriage the longer the emergency continued
C)Males were more likely to help than females
D)The participants were in an enclosed area and could see whether or not the victim was receiving help
E)The participants felt empathy for the victim

Question 20

Using your knowledge of Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's findings, in which of the following scenarios is the victim most likely to get helped quickly?

A)A male victim collapses in a large shop
B)A male victim collapses in a dark side street
C)A female victim collapses in a small shop
D)A female victim collapses in a park
E)A female victim collapses in a dark side street

Question 21

All psychology could be said to be social psychology because:

A)Most research is done in this area
B)The most famous psychologists are social psychologists
C)We are all surrounded by other people as we develop
D)All textbooks have a chapter on social psychology
E)People find it the most interesting topic

Question 22

When the guards' group and the commune group failed, the participants found it very important to:

A)End the experiment
B)All get along well together
C)All live independently
D)Re-establish a structured social order
E)Ask the experimenters what to do next

Question 23

Shared social identity led to:

A)Depression, anxiety and burnout
B)Support, trust and positive mental states
C)Positive outcomes for the guards only
D)Group permeability
E)Tension within the groups

Question 24

The bystander effect is:

A)When bystanders help
B)When bystanders refuse to help
C)When bystanders call for help but do not do anything themselves
D)When people film events on their mobile phones
E)When people are less likely to help in the presence of others

Question 25

The experimenter teams in Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study consisted of:

A)A victim, a model and an observer
B)A victim, a model and two observers
C)Two victims, a model and an observer
D)A black victim, a white victim and an observer
E)A black victim, a white victim and a model

Question 26

On average, there were how many people in a train compartment?

A)109
B)56
C)43
D)212
E)8.5

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of the drunk victims?

A)They received spontaneous help 95% of the time
B)They carried a bottle in a brown paper bag
C)There was a 'same race helping' effect
D)More comments were made about them than the disabled victim
E)17% of them were helped before the model stepped in

Question 28

Why did Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin suggest that they did not find diffusion of responsibility, as they had expected?

A)There is no such thing as diffusion of responsibility
B)People had empathy with the victims
C)Train passengers are especially helpful
D)Because the emergency was in a confined space
E)New Yorkers traditionally help people who fall down

Question 29

A fit, healthy male of 30 finds an elderly lady who needs help lifting her shopping onto the kerb. According to the cost-reward model, is he most likely to:

A)Get help
B)Shout at her
C)Help
D)Leave the scene
E)Decide she is undeserving of help

Question 30

The final 15 participants in the BBC Prison Study were chosen:

A)At random from the pool of 332
B)At random from the screened group of 27
C)To ensure that a diverse group resulted
D)To be the most argumentative group
E)To be the group most likely to get on well

Question 31

The three independent variables in the BBC Prison Study took the form of 'planned interventions'. These were:

A)Permeability, legitimacy, cognitive alternatives
B)Permeability, legitimacy, alternative group leaders
C)Permeability, legitimate authority, cognitive alternatives
D)Permanence, legitimacy, cognitive alternatives
E)Permeability, legitimacy, cognitive questioning

Question 32

Milgram's stated aim was to investigate obedience and what other factor?

A)Conformity
B)Power of legitimate authority
C)Influence of army officers
D)Power of German authority figures
E)Power of informal leadership

Question 33

Milgram obtained his sample by:

A)Advertising in a shop window
B)Picking names from a hat
C)Asking his students
D)Approaching people in the street
E)Advertising in a newspaper

Question 34

In Milgram's study, the learning task was to learn:

A)A poem
B)Pairs of words
C)A list of words
D)Pairs of digits
E)Groups of six words

Question 35

Learners did not protest about the shocks until what voltage?

A)300V
B)105V
C)390V
D)225V
E)180V

Question 36

The quantitative data obtained by Milgram consisted of:

A)Number of people who agreed to give shocks
B)Number of people who refused to take part
C)Number of times the participant protested
D)The highest level of shock given
E)Number of positive comments made

Question 37

In a follow-up questionnaire, the majority of participants:

A)Said they wished they had not participated
B)Said they were glad to have joined in and had learned something
C)Felt traumatised by the study
D)Hadn't believed in the task
E)Wished they had given higher shocks

Question 38

The Stanford Prison Experiment was ended early because:

A)The experimenters had all the data they needed
B)The experimenters got bored
C)The participants showed signs of distress
D)Zimbardo ran out of money
E)The participants rebelled

Question 39

The environment in the BBC Prison Study was intended:

A)To replicate the Stanford Prison Experiment
B)To replicate a prison
C)To create an equal society
D)To create an unequal society
E)To cause the participants maximum stress

Question 40

Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin's study was a field experiment because:

A)It was carried out in a field
B)It has an independent variable but no dependent variable
C)It has a dependent variable but no independent variable
D)It has multiple independent variables
E)It was carried out in the real world