Deck 13: Global Political Ecology

Question 1

According to the chapter ____________ is likely the most "global" of the issues the world community confronts today.

A) trade
B) climate change
C) terrorism
D) food security

Answer 1

climate change

Question 2

The famous Kyoto summit on climate change was held in ______________.

A) 1997
B) 2000
C) 2009
D) 2001

Answer 2

1997

Question 3

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has __________________________________.

A) many members who still have their doubts on the science of climate change
B) been unsure about the science of climate change
C) successfuly made a high degree of consensus on the science of climate change
D) not have enough time to investigate the science of climate change

Answer 3

successfuly made a high degree of consensus on the science of climate change

Question 4

The Trump administration has withdrawn U.S. support for the _____________ Paris climate agreement.

A) 2016
B) 2017
C) 2015
D) 2018

Question 5

Which of these states is a part of the We Are Still In movement?

A) Rhode Island
B) Michigan
C) Arizona
D) Connecticut

Question 6

Which of these countries has used a modernist approach to major land reclamation?

A) Costa Rica
B) Tanzania
C) Singapore
D) India

Question 7

There are more than ______________as many people living on our planet as there were just a little over 200 years ago.

A) five times
B) six times
C) eight times
D) ten times

Question 8

About how many people live in the Global South?

A) more than 6 billion
B) less than 4 billion
C) about 5 billion
D) more than 3 billion

Question 9

Accordingly, the modernist school of thought looks to _____________ to solve most biosphere problems

A) the nation-state
B) technological innovation
C) environmental sustainability
D) international cooperation

Question 10

A ____________ would argue that state behavior on climate change is expected because of a lack of legally binding international standards regulating state behavior that encourages countries to send their problems to others downstream.

A) Marxist
B) realist
C) constructivist
D) feminist

Question 11

Collective action problems are a result of _________________.

A) a lack of knowledge
B) conflicting interests
C) the do no harm logic
D) mutual interests

Question 12

The ________________ perspective is also deeply rooted in systems thinking

A) realist
B) modernists
C) neotraditionalist
D) materials

Question 13

According to the chapter, environmental agencies pay so much attention to wetland protection because of ___________.

A) cultural services
B) habitat services
C) filtration services
D) provision services

Question 14

Sustainable development was first defined in ________________.

A) 1998
B) 1990
C) 1987
D) 1973

Question 15

The maximum capacity of an ecosystem to sustain organisms could be described as __________________.

A) scarcity
B) carry capacity
C) sustainability
D) ecological footprint

Question 16

_______________ are the human benefits generated by the ecosystems that host and surround human communities.

A) ecosystem services
B) positive unintended benefits
C) natural resource benefits
D) ecosystem equity

Question 17

The concept that preventative remedial action is warranted in situations where consequences are high relates to ___________________________.

A) the precautionary principle
B) the equity principle
C) the participation principle
D) the polluter pays principle

Question 18

Which of these was not a major achievement of the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development?

A) Agenda 21
B) the Convention on Biological Diversity
C) the Convention on the Law of the Sea
D) the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

Question 19

According to the chapter, which of the following has chastised the ecology movement for alarmism by promoting green guilt?

A) Newt Gingrich
B) Bjorn Lomborg
C) Donald Trump
D) James Inhofe

Question 20

It would be physically difficult and economically unviable if Singapore reclaims land in water that is _________ meters deep.

A) 35
B) 25
C) 20
D) 45

Question 21

___________________and ___________ are key elements of development.

A) Democracy; capitalism
B) Industrialization; science
C) Resources; population
D) Innovations; social welfare

Question 22

In April 2017, the world population passed the _______________ mark.

A) 6.6 billion
B) 7.5 billion
C) 6 billion
D) 7 billion

Question 23

India has a population of _______________ people.

A) 1 billion
B) 1.3 billion
C) 1.5 billion
D) 900 million

Question 24

The Essay on the Principle of Population was written by _____________.

A) Elinor Ostrom
B) Garrett Hardin
C) Thomas Robert Malthus
D) Virginia Abernethy

Question 25

The most comprehensive effort(s) that has(ve) focused on the pursuit of sustainable development would be ______________.

A) Millennium Development Goals
B) The Climate March
C) The Earth Summits
D) Earth Day

Question 26

We can identify international environmental agreements as far back as the _______________.

A) 1500s
B) 1200s
C) 1300s
D) 1600s

Question 27

In between 2005 and 2015, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa grew annually by ______________.

A) 2 percent
B) 3 percent
C) 2.43 percent
D) 1.9 percent

Question 28

In 1994 the Prime Minister of ________________ challenged the concept of morality in support of abortion.

A) Canada
B) UK
C) Australia
D) Norway

Question 29

The United States uses about __________ more petroleum per capita than does India.

A) 20 times
B) 15 times
C) 10 times
D) 12 times

Question 30

There are now about ___________ cars in India.

A) 100 million
B) 85 million
C) 120 million
D) 65 million

Question 31

The second World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was held in _____________.

A) Rio de Janeiro, Brail
B) Ottawa, Canada
C) Johannesburg, South Africa
D) Seoul, South Korea

Question 32

Which one of the following was not a major theme for Rio+20?

A) Jobs
B) Energy
C) Human Rights
D) Disasters

Question 33

Humans in their modern form date back about ______________ years.

A) 200,000
B) 300,000
C) 400,000
D) 500,000

Question 34

In 1950, ____________ of every 1,000 people worldwide died each year.

A) 20
B) 50
C) 30
D) 40

Question 35

The United Nations Population Fund began operations in __________.

A) 1948
B) 1957
C) 1977
D) 1969

Question 36

Abortion is widely available in about _______________ of countries.

A) 55 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 37

UN convened the first World Conference on Women in _______________.

A) 1975
B) 1977
C) 1970
D) 1981

Question 38

What does the term Anthropocene mean?

A) the age of environmental sustainability
B) the age of technology
C) the age of progress
D) the age of the human

Question 39

China is currently building islands in the ________________ to expand territorial claims in that strategically important waterway.

A) Bohai Sea
B) Huanghai Sea
C) East China Sea
D) South China Sea

Question 40

The collection of biological organisms that exist within the global ecosystem is referred to as ___________.

A) natural organisms
B) ecological system
C) biome
D) ecosystem

Question 41

Which one of these global environmental agreements has been the most successful in terms of concrete outcomes in the last century?

A) The Convention on the Law of the Sea
B) The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
C) The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
D) The Convention on Biological Diversity

Question 42

By 2020 the United States population will be ____________ urban.

A) 65%
B) 85%
C) 75%
D) 60%

Question 43

How much of the earth's surface is covered with water?

A) 71 percent
B) 67 percent
C) 83 percent
D) 78 percent

Question 44

Which one of the following countries has recently been embroiled in a tense controversy UNESCO over logging in an ancient forest designated a UNESCO World Heritage site?

A) Democratic Republic of the Congo
B) Poland
C) Brazil
D) Venezuela

Question 45

The United States and Mexico recently reached an agreement to re-establish a higher level of flow to the _____________.

A) the New River
B) Colorado River
C) the Mississippi River
D) the Rio Grande

Question 46

the largest "dead zone" ever identified was found in ___________________.

A) the Pacific Ocean
B) the Gulf of Mexico
C) The Yellow Sea
D) The Persian Gulf

Question 47

The landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling in 2007 on Massachusetts vs. the EPA, the Supreme Court confirmed that _______________.

A) climate change is caused by humans
B) the Endangered Species Act was violated by the state of Massachusetts
C) greenhouse gases must be regulated under the 1970 U.S. Clean Air Act
D) water pollution must be regulated under the Clean Water Act

Question 48

Which of the following water bodies has been the least afflicted with eutrophication?

A) The Caribbean Sea
B) The Baltic Sea
C) The Black Sea
D) The Mediterranean Sea

Question 49

The estimates of phasing out CFCs worldwide range up to __________________.

A) $25 billion
B) $40 billion
C) $50 billion
D) $55 billion

Question 50

What does eutrophication do to water bodies?

A) It acts as a carbon sink.
B) It protects plant life in the water.
C) It induces excessive growth of algae.
D) It increases the water temperature.

Question 51

In the U.S. 99 percent of all commercial fishing takes place within _____________ miles of continental coasts.

A) 500
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

Question 52

Pollution from runoff from agricultural fertilization is sometimes referred to as _________________.

A) chemical pollution
B) nonpoint pollution
C) synthetic pollution
D) nonorganic pollution

Question 53

In the early 1960s, the contraceptive prevalence rate in the Global South was ______________.

A) 20 percent
B) 9 percent
C) percent
D) 13 percent

Question 54

The treaty to reduce acid rain was established in ________________________.

A) 1979
B) 1999
C) 1989
D) 1969

Question 55

What percent of the earth's water supply is readily available for drinking?

A) one percent
B) ten percent
C) eight percent
D) five percent

Question 56

About __________ of the beaches in the United Kingdom contained plastic pellets that had washed ashore.

A) 67 percent
B) 56 percent
C) 73 percent
D) 49 percent

Question 57

Between 1940 and 1975 freshwater use ____________.

A) remained the same
B) tripled
C) doubled
D) quadrupled

Question 58

The Deepwater Horizon disaster dumped over ____________ barrels of petroleum into the Gulf of Mexico.

A) 6 million
B) 3 million
C) 5 million
D) 7 million

Question 59

Based on work published in the Living Planet Report (2016), the abundance of species populations globally has declined by _____________ from 1970-2012.

A) 44%
B) 58%
C) 39%
D) 65%

Question 60

Which one of the following is not a primary goal of the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity?

A) The reduction of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
B) The conservation of biological diversity.
C) The sustainable use of biologically diverse components.
D) The fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

Question 61

According to the UN Environment Programme, the world has phased out ___________ of ozone-depleting chemicals worldwide.

A) 98%
B) 78%
C) 65%
D) 83%

Question 62

The documentary An Inconvenient Truth was done by _____________.

A) Melissa Etheridge
B) Bill McKibben
C) Wangari Maathai
D) former Vice President Al Gore Jr.

Question 63

According to the chapter, it takes about _____________ trees to absorb the CO2 emitted annually by each SUV.

A) 223
B) 403
C) 333
D) 189

Question 64

in April 2015, the atmospheric CO₂ breached __________ with no reversal of this trend in sight.

A) 390ppm
B) 400 ppm
C) 360 ppm
D) 420ppm

Question 65

By 2020 ____________ of the Chinese population will be living in urban areas.

A) 45 percent
B) 55 percent
C) 35 percent
D) 65 percent

Question 66

Nuclear plants generate _______________ of France's electricity.

A) 65 percent
B) 55 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 67

In 2007, _____________ introduced global climate change for the first time as a topic in the UN Security Council.

A) Canada
B) Bolivia
C) the United Kingdom
D) Germany

Question 68

President Trump's administration decided to withdraw from the __________________.

A) the Bail Action Plan
B) Copenhagen Accord
C) Paris Accord
D) Kyoto Protocol

Question 69

According to a study published in Science Advances, millions of people in _____________ will experience temperatures close to the limits of survivability by 2100, without emissions reductions.

A) South Asia
B) West Africa
C) South America
D) Central America

Question 70

The 2018 UNFCCC Conference of the Parties was held in __________

A) Paris, France
B) Katowice, Poland
C) Cancun, Mexico
D) Durban, South Africa

Question 71

Which of the following would mostly lkely assume that states will work unilaterally to mitigate and adapt to climate change?

A) a realist
B) a liberal
C) a constructivist
D) a feminist

Question 72

Currently,, the contraceptive prevalence rate in the Global South is about_____________.

A) 60 percent
B) 55 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 73

In 1960, the urban population of China was about _____________.

A) 21 percent
B) 34 percent
C) 16 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 74

When greenhouse gases create a blanket effect, trapping heat, and preventing the nightly cooling of the Earth, this process is known as ________________.

A) a natural occurrence
B) global warming
C) the greenhouse effect
D) greenhouse warming

Question 75

In 100 words, explain carrying capacity.

Question 76

Explain what the Anthropocene age is.

Question 77

Give a brief description of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

Question 78

In 100 words, explain some of the different approaches to reduce the Birthrate.

Question 79

Describe and explain ozone depletion.

Question 80

Explain the Modernists approach to environmental problems.