Deck 9: Sampling Methods and Sample Size

Question 1

The large group of interest to the researcher is called the population or the universe.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A census means that only a selected portion of the entire population is surveyed.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A sample is the term that refers to the group surveyed any time the survey is not administered to all members of the population.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Significant advantages of sampling include cost savings, time economy, more in-depth information, lower total error, greater practicality, and greater security.

Question 5

Sampling error occurs when the sample does not perfectly represent the population under study.

Question 6

Sample bias is introduced into the sample when the sample varies in some systematic way from the larger population.

Question 7

Sample bias can be reduced by increasing the sample size.

Question 8

Random error cannot be avoided, but can be calculated and can be reduced by decreasing the size of the sample.

Question 9

Non-sampling error is introduced into the research results from any source other than sampling.

Question 10

The target population is the universe about which the researcher wishes to gather data.

Question 11

The sampling frame is the list of the members of the sample.

Question 12

The sampling frame can be the process used to select the sample.

Question 13

The goal of developing an appropriate sample frame is to get a list of elements of the target population that is inclusive but with minimal duplication.

Question 14

The size of the sample will be a function of the accuracy of the sample.

Question 15

Two criteria are used in measuring the accuracy of a sample: the margin of error and the sample size.

Question 16

Whether a sample is a probability sample or a nonprobability sample, the important aspect is to obtain as much representative information as possible and eliminate as much sampling and nonsampling error as possible.

Question 17

Probability samples are those samples where each element has an equal chance to be included in the sample.

Question 18

Nonprobability sampling allows for the calculation of the sample error.

Question 19

Nonprobability samples are always less representative than probability samples.

Question 20

From a statistical point of view, probability sampling is preferred because it allows a calculation of the sampling error.

Question 21

Probability sampling procedures tend to be more objective and allow the use of statistical techniques.

Question 22

Nonprobability sampling introduces certain biases, from an operational perspective, but offers the advantages of being less expensive and quicker to implement.

Question 23

Probability sampling techniques include simple random sample, stratified sample, quota sample, and judgment sample.

Question 24

A simple random sample allows each element of the population an equal and known chance of being selected.

Question 25

A stratified sample is characterized by the fact that the total population is divided into mutually exclusive subgroups and that a simple random sample is then chosen from each subgroup.

Question 26

In a stratified sample the population is divided into mutually exclusive subgroups and the random sample of subgroups are selected for the sample.

Question 27

Cluster sampling is often associated with area sampling.

Question 28

A systematic sample is initiated by randomly selecting a digit, n, then selecting a sample element at every nth interval.

Question 29

Nonprobability sampling techniques include the convenience sample, judgment sample, and quota sample.

Question 30

Nonprobability sampling techniques involve the selection of sample elements by chance.

Question 31

The least expensive and least time-consuming sampling technique is generally considered to be the convenience sample.

Question 32

The conveniences sampling techniques is frequently used in exploratory research.

Question 33

A problem with quota sampling is that the sampling error cannot be calculated.

Question 34

Quota sampling is a probability sampling technique, while stratified sampling is a nonprobability technique.

Question 35

Probability sampling techniques tend to be the methods of choice for descriptive research while nonprobability sampling tends to be used for exploratory research.

Question 36

The standard error of the mean measures sampling errors that arise from estimating a population from a sample instead of including all of the essential information in the population.

Question 37

Precision and confidence are interrelated and with a given sample size, increasing one will increase the other.

Question 38

The more confident a researcher wants to be, the larger the sample should be.

Question 39

The statistical methods of establishing sample size apply only to probability samples.

Question 40

The choice of sample size for a nonprobability sample is made on a statistical basis.

Question 41

Nonstatistical methods of determining sample size include using a previous sample size, using a typical sample size, and using a magic number.

Question 42

Companies that do repeated studies over time to gather information to compare data and determine trends tend to use the "previous sample size" nonstatistical method of determining the size of the sample.

Question 43

In using the "typical sample size" method of determining the size of a sample, for every major subgroup in the study you should have 100 or more respondents.

Question 44

In using the "typical sample size" method of determining the size of a sample, for every less important subgroup in the study you should have 100 or more respondents.

Question 45

Using resource simulations to determine sample size is often appealing to managers and is one the most common methods used.

Question 46

"Ask an expert" is a statistical approach for establishing appropriate sample size.

Question 47

Generally speaking, the sample size should be increased whenever the population exhibits high variability or whenever high levels of precision and confidence are required.

Question 48

The large group of interest to the researcher is called the sample.

Question 49

A census means that all of the members of the selected universe are surveyed.

Question 50

A census is the term that refers to the group surveyed any time the survey is not administered to all members of the population

Question 51

Sampling error occurs when the sample perfectly represents the population under study.

Question 52

Sample bias is introduced into the sample when the sample varies in some unsystematic way from the larger population.

Question 53

Sample bias cannot be reduced by increasing the sample size.

Question 54

Random error cannot be avoided, but can be calculated and can be reduced by increasing the size of the sample.

Question 55

Non-sampling error is introduced into the research results from any source including the sampling.

Question 56

The target population is the list of the members of the sample.

Question 57

The sampling frame is the list of the members of the target population.

Question 58

The sampling frame cannot be the process used to select the sample.

Question 59

The goal of developing an appropriate sample frame is to get a list of elements of the target population that is exclusive but with minimal duplication.

Question 60

The size of the sample will be a function of the timeliness of the sample.

Question 61

Two criteria are used in measuring the accuracy of a sample: the margin of error and the level of confidence.

Question 62

Probability samples are those samples where each element has a known chance to be included in the sample.

Question 63

Nonprobability sampling does not allow for the calculation of the sample error.

Question 64

Nonprobability samples do not mean that the sample is always less representative than probability samples.

Question 65

From a statistical point of view, probability sampling is not preferred because it does not allow for a calculation of the sampling error.

Question 66

Nonprobability sampling procedures tend to be more objective and allow the use of statistical techniques.

Question 67

Probability sampling introduces certain biases, from an operational perspective, but offers the advantages of being less expensive and quicker to implement.

Question 68

Probability sampling techniques include simple random sample, stratified sample, cluster sample, and systemic sample.

Question 69

A quota sample allows each element of the population an equal and known chance of being selected.

Question 70

A simple random sample is characterized by the fact that the total population is divided into mutually exclusive subgroups and that a simple random sample is then chosen from each subgroup.

Question 71

In a stratified sample the total population is divided into mutually exclusive subgroups and a simple random sample is then chosen from each subgroups.

Question 72

Cluster sampling is not associated with area sampling.

Question 73

A cluster sampling is initiated by randomly selecting a digit, n, then selecting a sample element at every nth interval.

Question 74

Probability sampling techniques include the convenience sample, judgment sample, and quota sample.

Question 75

Nonprobability sampling techniques do not involve the selection of sample elements by chance.

Question 76

The conveniences sampling techniques is frequently used in explanatory research.

Question 77

In the area of polling "expert opinion," judgment samples can be very ineffective.

Question 78

Quota sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique, while stratified sampling is a probability technique.

Question 79

Nonprobability sampling techniques tend to be the methods of choice for descriptive research while probability sampling tends to be used for exploratory research.

Question 80

Precision and confidence are interrelated and within a given sample size, increasing one may be done at the expense of the other.