Question 1

What is a theory?&#10;A) A statement of the concepts relevant to the research&#10;B) An explanation of why something happens&#10;C) A statement of the relevant knowledge of a phenomenon&#10;D) A tool used by positivist researchers only to develop hypotheses

Accepted Answer

A theory is an explanation of why something happens. It is a systematic explanation of the relationship between concepts that is supported by evidence and has been repeatedly tested and confirmed.

Question 2

Which of the following is a theory?&#10;A) Social Identity Theory&#10;B) Attachment to Sport theory&#10;C) Social Psychology theory&#10;D) Sport Theory

Accepted Answer

Social Identity Theory is a well-established theory in social psychology that explains how an individual's self-concept and identity are influenced by the groups they belong to. Choices B, C, and D are not specific theories and are too broad to be considered accurate answers.

Question 3

Which of the following would not be a concept?&#10;A) Sport&#10;B) Regular&#10;C) Performance&#10;D) All of the above are concepts

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (Sport, Regular, Performance) represent abstract ideas or categories, making them concepts.

Question 4

What is meant by operationalising a concept?&#10;A) Defining the concept&#10;B) Determining how the concept is to be measured&#10;C) Identifying how the concept links to other concepts&#10;D) Evaluating the importance of the concept

Accepted Answer

Operationalising a concept means determining how a concept is going to be measured. It involves turning a broad, abstract concept into something that can be quantified and observed in a research study.

Question 5

Gender is measured using what type of data?&#10;A) Nominal&#10;B) Ordinal&#10;C) Interval&#10;D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Gender is a categorical variable that cannot be ranked or quantified in any way, making it nominal data. Nominal data is characterized by values that represent categories or names, such as gender, race, or religion.

Question 6

Number of points scored by a basketball team would be measured using which type of data?&#10;A) Nominal&#10;B) Ordinal&#10;C) Interval&#10;D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

The number of points scored is a continuous and measurable quantity, which can be represented by a ratio scale. Therefore, it is an example of ratio data.

Question 7

What type of variable is assumed to have the effect on other variables?&#10;A) Independent&#10;B) Dependent&#10;C) Moderating&#10;D) Confounding

Accepted Answer

An independent variable is assumed to have an effect on other variables, whereas a dependent variable is the variable that is influenced by the independent variable. Moderating variables affect the strength and direction of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, and confounding variables are variables that can interfere with the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Question 8

In a study exploring the effect of self-confidence on performance, what type of variable is performance?&#10;A) Independent&#10;B) Dependent&#10;C) Moderating&#10;D) Confounding

Accepted Answer

Performance is the variable being measured or observed, and is therefore the dependent variable in this study. The independent variable is self-confidence, which is being manipulated or controlled to see how it affects performance. Moderating and confounding variables are not directly related to the study's research question.

Question 9

The extent to which a measure remains consistent when measured multiple times is its:&#10;A) Suitability&#10;B) Validity&#10;C) Repeatability&#10;D) Reliability

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure when it is repeated over time, so option D is the correct choice. Suitability and validity are not related to the consistency of a measure over time. Repeatability is similar to reliability, but is a less commonly used term.

Deck 6: Theories, Concepts and Variables