Question 1

Poliovirus targets what type of cells in the body?&#10;A) Nerve cells that control muscles&#10;B) Brain cells that control nerve function&#10;C) Autoimmune cells that control infection&#10;D) Brain cells that control movement

Accepted Answer

Poliovirus targets nerve cells that control muscles, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis. It does not target brain cells or autoimmune cells.

Question 2

What part of the body is most often affected by poliomyelitis?&#10;A) Hands&#10;B) Facial features&#10;C) Legs&#10;D) Kidney function

Accepted Answer

Poliomyelitis, commonly known as polio, is a viral disease that attacks the nervous system. It primarily affects the legs, causing paralysis or weakness. In severe cases, it can also affect the muscles involved in breathing and swallowing. While the hands and facial features may be affected in some cases, the legs are the most commonly affected. Kidney function is not related to polio.

Question 3

When the poliovirus affects the brain stem what effects does this have on the body?&#10;A) Muscles that control movement are affected.&#10;B) Muscles that control sexual function are affected.&#10;C) Muscles that control urinary and bowel continence are affected.&#10;D) Muscles that control breathing and swallowing are affected.

Accepted Answer

When the poliovirus affects the brain stem, it can lead to the paralysis of the muscles that control breathing and swallowing, which can be life-threatening. This is known as bulbar polio. The other options listed (A, B, and C) may also be affected in other forms of polio, but when the brain stem is affected specifically, the most significant and potentially dangerous effects occur in the muscles controlling breathing and swallowing.

Question 4

A common manifestation of post-polio syndrome is ___________________.&#10;A) muscle atrophy&#10;B) difficulty hearing&#10;C) rapidly progressive muscle weakness&#10;D) increase in muscle size

Accepted Answer

Muscle atrophy is a common manifestation of post-polio syndrome, which refers to a condition that affects polio survivors years after their recovery from the initial illness. The post-polio syndrome is characterized by weakness, fatigue, and muscle atrophy, particularly in the muscles that were originally affected by polio. Difficulty hearing and an increase in muscle size are not common manifestations of post-polio syndrome. Rapidly progressive muscle weakness may be a symptom of other neuromuscular disorders but is not necessarily associated with post-polio syndrome.

Question 5

Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome is an inflammatory condition of the ______________.&#10;A) peripheral muscles&#10;B) peripheral nerves&#10;C) joints&#10;D) heart muscle

Accepted Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome affects the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. This can cause muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations. It is thought to be caused by the immune system attacking the nerves.

Question 6

What medical condition refers to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid?&#10;A) Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome&#10;B) Bulbar polio&#10;C) Meningitis&#10;D) Encephalitis

Accepted Answer

Meningitis is the medical condition that refers to an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid. Guillain-Barré syndrome refers to a disorder where the immune system attacks the nervous system. Bulbar polio is a form of polio that affects the brainstem. Encephalitis refers to an inflammation of the brain.

Question 7

In the United States, what is the most common cause of epidemic encephalitis?&#10;A) Herpes simplex virus type 1&#10;B) Contaminated food borne transmission&#10;C) West Nile virus&#10;D) Fecal transmission

Accepted Answer

West Nile virus is the most common cause of epidemic encephalitis in the United States. Herpes simplex virus type 1 can cause encephalitis but is less common than West Nile virus. Contaminated food or fecal transmission can lead to outbreaks of other illnesses but not epidemic encephalitis.

Question 8

Sudden partial or complete paralysis of one side of the face is characteristic of ____________.&#10;A) Bell's palsy&#10;B) Lyme disease&#10;C) Encephalitis&#10;D) Sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

Sudden partial or complete paralysis of one side of the face is a classic symptom of Bell's palsy. Lyme disease and encephalitis may cause neurological symptoms, but facial paralysis is not the defining feature. Sleep apnea is a respiratory disorder and does not typically cause facial paralysis.

Question 9

An individual has an uncontrollable tendency to fall asleep inappropriately during the day, despite sufficient sleep the prior night. What medical condition manifests in this way?&#10;A) Sleep apnea&#10;B) Narcolepsy&#10;C) Hypertension&#10;D) Syncope

Accepted Answer

This symptom is characteristic of narcolepsy, which is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. People with narcolepsy experience excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep attacks, and sudden loss of muscle control (cataplexy). Sleep apnea is a condition in which a person's breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue. Hypertension is high blood pressure, and syncope is a temporary loss of consciousness due to a drop in blood pressure or insufficient blood flow to the brain. Neither of these conditions typically presents with daytime sleepiness as a primary symptom.

Question 10

Chronic Lyme disease is characterized by which of the following?&#10;A) Inflammation of the brain&#10;B) Partial or complete paralysis of one side of the face&#10;C) Muscle weakness&#10;D) Persistent pain and cognitive difficulties

Accepted Answer

Chronic Lyme disease is characterized by persistent symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, and cognitive difficulties, even after treatment with antibiotics. Inflammation of the brain and facial paralysis are more common in the early stages of Lyme disease.

Question 11

What are some of the manifestations of post-polio syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the manifestations of...

Question 12

Describe the differences between sleep apnea and narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the differences between sleep apnea and...

Question 13

Discuss the causes and also the manifestations of Bell's palsy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the causes and also the manifestations...

Question 14

Describe some of the residual effects of Lyme disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe some of the residual effects of...

Question 15

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain itself, due to direct invasion of an organism. What are some of the manifestations of encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain...

Question 16

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. It can be caused by bacteria (bacterial meningitis) or viruses (viral meningitis). Describe the various types of meningitis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges....

Question 17

Explain the reasons for the need to hospitalize patients with Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the reasons for the need to...

Question 18

How does Poliomyelitis enter the body and what does it target?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Poliomyelitis enter the body and...

Question 19

Describe the manifestations of acute poliomyelitis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the manifestations of acute poliomyelitis....

Question 20

Discuss the management of post-polio syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the management of post-polio syndrome....

Deck 10: Post-Polio Syndrome and Other Conditions of the Nervous System