Deck 1: Foundations

Question 1

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-What work conditions characterize the bourgeoisie?

Answer 1

In "The Manifesto of the Communist Party," Karl Marx and Frederick Engels do not focus extensively on the work conditions of the bourgeoisie because the bourgeoisie are the class that owns the means of production, rather than the class that is subjected to particular work conditions. The bourgeoisie are the capitalists—the owners of factories, businesses, and the capital necessary to produce goods and services. Their primary concern is the accumulation of wealth and the maintenance of their economic and social status.

However, we can infer certain characteristics about the bourgeoisie's role in the workplace based on the text:

1. Control over production: The bourgeoisie have the power to organize and direct the means of production. They decide what will be produced, how it will be produced, and under what conditions the workers (proletariat) will labor.

2. Profit orientation: The bourgeoisie are primarily concerned with generating profit. They strive to maximize productivity and minimize costs, often at the expense of the working conditions of the proletariat.

3. Capital investment: The bourgeoisie invest capital in businesses and technologies that can increase production efficiency and profitability. Their work involves managing these investments to ensure continued growth and accumulation of wealth.

4. Economic power: The bourgeoisie hold significant economic power, which they use to influence political and social structures to their advantage. They are not subjected to the same economic insecurities as the proletariat because they own the means of production.

5. Social status: The bourgeoisie maintain a higher social status due to their wealth and economic influence. They often engage in social, political, and economic activities that are aimed at preserving their position in society.

6. Exploitation of labor: While not a condition of their own work, the bourgeoisie's economic activities are characterized by the exploitation of the proletariat. They benefit from the surplus value produced by the workers, who are paid less than the value of what they produce.

In summary, the work conditions of the bourgeoisie are characterized by their role as the owners and controllers of the means of production, their focus on profit and capital accumulation, their economic and social power, and their ability to exploit the labor of the proletariat to maintain and enhance their position in society.

Question 2

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-What work conditions characterize the proletariat?

Answer 2

In "The Manifesto of the Communist Party," Karl Marx and Frederick Engels describe the proletariat as the class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live. The work conditions that characterize the proletariat, as outlined by Marx and Engels, include:

1. Exploitation: The proletariat is exploited by the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production. Workers receive wages that represent only a fraction of the value of the goods they produce, with the surplus value (profit) being appropriated by the bourgeoisie.

2. Alienation: Workers are alienated from the products of their labor, which are owned and disposed of by the capitalists. They are also alienated from the labor process itself, as work becomes repetitive and monotonous, designed to maximize efficiency rather than fulfill the worker's own creative or intellectual needs.

3. Precarious Employment: The proletariat often faces unstable employment conditions. As industries evolve and technology advances, workers can be easily replaced or made redundant, leading to job insecurity.

4. Poor Working Conditions: The proletariat frequently labors in conditions that are hazardous to their health and safety. Long hours, insufficient breaks, and lack of proper protective measures are common issues faced by workers.

5. Low Wages: The wages paid to the proletariat are often barely enough to sustain their existence. The need to maintain a subsistence level of living forces workers to accept low wages and poor working conditions.

6. Lack of Autonomy: Workers have little control over their work lives. Decisions about production, work pace, hours, and organization are made by the bourgeoisie or their representatives, leaving the proletariat with little say in their own labor.

7. Competition Among Workers: The capitalist system fosters competition among workers, rather than solidarity, as they vie for jobs and better wages. This competition can lead to divisions within the working class.

8. Class Solidarity: Despite the competition, Marx and Engels argue that the shared conditions of exploitation and oppression lead to a growing sense of solidarity among the proletariat. This class consciousness becomes the basis for collective action and the struggle for a communist society.

Marx and Engels believed that these conditions would ultimately lead to the development of class consciousness among the proletariat, whereby they would recognize their shared interests and the necessity of collective political action to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a communist society in which the means of production are owned collectively.

Question 3

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-How do the authors define the "means of production"?

Answer 3

In "The Manifesto of the Communist Party," Karl Marx and Frederick Engels define the "means of production" as the facilities and resources for producing goods. This includes not only physical tools and machinery but also the methods, technologies, and social relations that are necessary for the production of goods and services. The means of production are a central concept in Marxist theory, as they are the objects through which labor is applied to create value.

According to Marx and Engels, the means of production are owned by the bourgeoisie, the class of capitalists who own the factories, land, and capital necessary for production. The bourgeoisie, therefore, have the power to organize and control the labor process and to extract surplus value from the proletariat, the working class. The proletariat, on the other hand, do not own the means of production and must sell their labor power to the bourgeoisie in order to survive. This relationship is inherently exploitative, as the workers are paid less than the value of the goods and services they produce, with the surplus value being appropriated by the bourgeoisie as profit.

The division of society into bourgeoisie and proletariat, and the ownership and control of the means of production by the bourgeoisie, are fundamental to the Marxist analysis of capitalism. Marx and Engels argue that this economic structure leads to class struggle, which will ultimately result in the overthrow of the bourgeoisie by the proletariat and the establishment of a socialist society, where the means of production are collectively owned and controlled by the workers themselves.

Question 4

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-What do the authors mean when they say that under capitalism the worker "becomes an appendage of the machine"?

Question 5

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-The "lumpen proletariat" are a bridge between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie.

Question 6

From "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
This piece represents the classic exposition of the growing division between two groups--the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. These groups have antagonistic interests owing to their different positions in the economic means of production that characterizes capitalism. The authors maintain both groups become increasingly polarized from each other as the bourgeoisie progressively own and receive a greater share of economic resources. The proletariat, in contrast, view the bourgeoisie more and more as the enemy who must be opposed as the proletariat progressively experience more exploitation.
-What causes the proletariat to rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie?

A) The realization that they can run society
B) The realization that they should be exploiting workers
C) Their progressively shrinking share of economic rewards
D) Religious-based beliefs about how all should be treated equally.

Question 7

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-How does Weber define class as an element of stratification?

Question 8

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-How does Weber define status as an element of stratification?

Question 9

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-How does Weber define party as an element of stratification?

Question 10

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-Weber's notion of stratification is broader than that of Marx.

Question 11

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-Which of the following would be an example of a "status group" for Weber?

A) Those who wield the same amount of power
B) Those in the same political party
C) Those who belong to the same prestigious country club
D) Those who work alongside each other.

Question 12

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-Which of the following does not define class for Weber?

A) Groups of people who have in common a specific "life-chance opportunity"
B) A common economic interest
C) A common labor market commodity
D) Those who share similar power in the Democratic party.

Question 13

From "Class, Status, Party" by Max Weber
Weber's notion of stratification is complex and multidimensional. Analytically distinct are three dimensions: 1) class, 2) status, and 3) party. Class is broader than, for example, the Marxian formulation and related to the general economic prospects ("life-chance opportunities") of collectivities; status refers to honorific and status considerations that can be tied to economic rewards; and party refers to similar levels of power exercised particularly in the political arena.
-How is Weber's notion of stratification broader than just class?

Question 14

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-According to DuBois, emancipation has served to lessen the "Negro problem."

Question 15

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-According to DuBois, what kinds of hopes for equality were not realized for blacks after emancipation?

Question 16

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-What does DuBois mean when he says that blacks experience a "double self"?

Question 17

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-What, according to DuBois, constitutes "the soul" of black folk?

Question 18

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-What would DuBois most like to see happen to blacks?

A) Achieve equal opportunity
B) Achieve equal success
C) Establish permanent institutions
D) All of the above.

Question 19

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-How does DuBois characterize whites in terms of race relations in the post-emancipation period?

Question 20

From The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois' classic essay charts the impact of slavery as well as post-slavery treatment on the "souls" or psyche of blacks. He views both as equally pernicious and responsible for ongoing marginality and psychological turbulence.
-According to DuBois, what has been the root of all prejudice and discrimination?

A) Segregation
B) Slavery
C) Bad schools
D) Political power.

Question 21

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-DuBois believes that contributions to civilization among racial groups are a product of:

A) Biological factors
B) Non-biological factors
C) Partially both A and B
D) Historic factors.

Question 22

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-Dubois believes that important contributions to civilization have been made by:

A) Whites
B) Blacks
C) Asians
D) All of the above.

Question 23

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-Discuss Dubois' view concerning the relationship between racial and national identity.

Question 24

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-Why does DuBois believe blacks should advance themselves by becoming self-reliant and develop separate, race-based institutions and organizations?

Question 25

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-Summarize, according to DuBois, the ideals blacks should strive to attain in order to be successful in America.

Question 26

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-Dubois maintains that whites should take the lead in helping blacks to overcome the "vices" of daily life.

Question 27

From "The Conservation of Races" by W.E.B. DuBois
DuBois is concerned with: 1) the meaning of race in American society, and, 2) identifying how blacks can better succeed in American society. He advocates an approach that emphasizes self-reliance and the formation of separate race-based forms of social organization and institutions.
-What does DuBois mean by saying "the full, complete Negro message of the whole Negro race has not as yet been given to the world"?

Question 28

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-According to Cooper, women contribute meaningfully to the betterment of American society.

Question 29

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-Does Cooper believe that women are as discriminated against as blacks and Indians? Why or why not?

Question 30

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-According to Cooper, what are women's contributions to American society?

Question 31

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-Which of the following groups has a plight that women should identify with?

A) Mexican Americans
B) Blacks
C) Jews
D) None of the above.

Question 32

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-According to Cooper, women's plight as an oppressed group is similar to the plight of:

A) Blacks
B) Indians
C) All oppressed groups
D) No other oppressed groups.

Question 33

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-How does Cooper characterize the plight of Southern women?

Question 34

From "Woman Versus The Indian" by Anna Julia Cooper
Cooper discusses the plight of women, maintaining they are proud, significant contributors to American society and they should identify with Indians and blacks who share a similar history of oppression.
-According to Cooper, how have women responded to the oppression they have experienced?

Question 35

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-Describe how "external conditions" contribute to any system of stratification.

Question 36

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-How do individuals get into various positions?

Question 37

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-Which of the following is not a determinant of the rewards a position yields?

A) Scarcity of appropriate personnel
B) Training
C) Area of the country
D) Functional importance of the position to society.

Question 38

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-Explain the role of the government in generating stratification.

Question 39

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-How are positions more than individuals emphasized in Davis and Moore's formulation?

Question 40

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-According to the functional theory, stratification is inevitable.

Question 41

From "Some Principles of Stratification" by Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
Davis and Moore offer a classical "functional" account of stratification. In particular, stratification is viewed as functional for the overall good of society. This perspective emphasizes the functional importance of positions, not the individuals who fill them; filling them ensures that all of the jobs necessary for the sustainability of society will be performed. These roles, however, contribute to the functioning of society to different degrees and the rewards attached to them are a product of how important particular roles are. Individuals who perform these roles are seen as motivated to perform them because there is a natural tendency for the abilities and talents of the individual to find the appropriate role in a social structure.
-Which of the following is a characteristic of positions that determines who will fit them? :

A) Age of positions
B) Training requirements for a position
C) Age of individuals who fill positions
D) Race/ethnicity of individuals who fill positions.

Question 42

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-Why are those who are "exploited" rather than "oppressed" more likely to resort to violent confrontations with those in power?

Question 43

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-Why is authority an important dimension of social class?

Question 44

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-Why are skills/expertise an important dimension of social class?

Question 45

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-How does Wright define the "underclass"?

A) Exploited but not economically oppressed
B) Economically oppressed but not exploited
C) Oppressed and exploited
D) None of the above.

Question 46

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-Students have no place in Wright's class typology.

Question 47

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-How is Wright's formulation of class both Marxian and Weberian?

Question 48

From Class Counts by Erik Olin Wright
Wright lays out a typology of class that is informed by both Marx and Weber. He is particularly interested in finding a "location" for categories of individuals who are not incorporated in classic Marxian formulations, namely, employees with varying amounts of job authority and skills/expertise as well as categories of individuals not in the labor force.
-Wright's concept of "exploitation" involves which of the following?

A) Interventions
B) Interactions
C) Wealth transfers
D) None of the above.