Deck 14: The Psychological Society 1940-2016

Question 1

Until WWII, clinical psychology meant:

A) application of psychology in hospitals
B) doing psychotherapy
C) administering mental tests
D) teaching mental hygiene

Answer 1

C

Question 2

During the 1920s and 1930s, traditional academic psychologists had a hard time accepting applied psychologists because applied psychologists:

A) worked outside colleges and universities
B) wanted to lobby for passing licensure laws
C) did not do research
D) all of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Although they had different interests, in the 1930s applied psychologists were inextricably linked to academic psychology. One reason for this link was:

A) applied psychologists received training from academic psychologists
B) they needed to claim psychology as a science
C) both of these
D) none of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Although they had different interests, in the 1930s applied psychologists were inextricably linked to academic psychology. One reason for this link was:

A) applied psychologists had to be supervised for clinical training by
Academic psychologists.
B) the law in most states demanded they two fields be linked
C) both of these
D) none of these

Question 5

Establishment of psychology as a recognized profession was most clearly signaled by what development during WWII?

A) establishment of the OPP
B) redesign of clinical psychology
C) application of IQ tests
D) Project PSYOP

Question 6

During WWII industry in the U.S. faced problems that psychologists could help solve. One of these problems was:

A) negotiations with unions
B) finding ways to increase happiness among workers and decrease depression.
C) retaining workers and improving training and productivity of new workers especially women.
D) training women to stay at home and become good mothers while their husbands went to work in factories.

Question 7

After 1944 the new APA had a young and growing segment of almost entirely new
Psychologists this segment was which of the following:

A) Developmental psychologists
B) Gestalt psychologists
C) Neuro - psychologists
D) none of these

Question 8

After 1944 the new APA had a young and growing segment of almost entirely new psychologists this segment was which of the following:

A) Developmental psychologists as researchers
B) Clinical psychologists as psychotherapists
C) Neuro - psychologists as surgeons
D) none of these

Question 9

The Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) was originally developed by the psychologist Henry Chauncey for Harvard President Conant to do which of the following?

A) test leadership and social skills so the meritocracy would become an aristocracy
B) screen out the feebleminded and make colleges safe for democracy
C) find the most intelligent youths to bring to Harvard to replace the elite ruling aristocracy with a meritocracy.
D) to once and for all find scientific proof for a genetic component in intelligence

Question 10

Psychologists began to perform psychotherapy during WWII because:

A) of intense pressure applied by APA to the Army
B) psychologists were more effective therapists than psychiatrists
C) the number of psychologically disturbed veterans swamped the Army psychiatrists
D) Army psychiatrists went on strike, leaving psychologists to care for disturbed veterans

Question 11

According to the text and lectures, an important hidden reason for adoption of the Boulder model of clinical training was to:

A) satisfy the concerns of psychiatrists
B) give clinical psychologists separate and higher status than physicians
C) recognize the non-medical nature of psychotherapy
D) ensure high enrollment in Ph.D. psychology programs

Question 12

According to the Boulder model, clinical psychologists should be trained:

A) in medical schools
B) in schools of clinical psychology
C) by psychiatrists
D) as scientists first

Question 13

When the National Science Foundation (NSF) was created, social science was:

A) specifically excluded
B) specifically included
C) included with a ceiling on grant size
D) given its own foundation, the NSSF

Question 14

In the post-WWII years, support for research in the behavioral sciences came mostly from:

A) the Ford Foundation
B) the military
C) the NSF
D) telethons

Question 15

Although psychology sometimes seemed to be a value-free science like other sciences, psychologists in fact taught that ________ was an important value.

A) self-adjustment
B) independence
C) progressivism
D) self-knowledge

Question 16

In the 19^th century good character demanded self-discipline and self-sacrifice, however, in the 20^th century self-sacrifice began to be replaced by which of the following?

A) self-realization
B) self-loathing
C) progressivism
D) absolute morality.

Question 17

Client-centered psychotherapy was important for developing clinical psychology in the 1940s because it:

A) provided a form of therapy not rooted in psychiatry
B) worked better than psychoanalysis
C) was solidly based on psychological research
D) was scientifically quantitative

Question 18

"Third Force" psychology refers to:

A) psychoanalysis
B) radical behaviorism
C) S-R behaviorism
D) humanistic psychology

Question 19

First force psychology was considered to be ________, while Second Force Psychology was ______. Finally, Third Force psychology was ________.

A) Humanistic psychology, Behaviorism, Neuro-science.
B) Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, Humanistic
C) Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanistic
D) Structuralism, Gestalt, Counseling.

Question 20

Carl Rogers established three modes of knowing. The first is objective (scientific) and the second is personal subjective knowledge of conscious experience. The third mode is ______.

A) logical
B) sensorimotor
C) quantitative
D) empathy

Question 21

In terms of the three modes of knowing, Carl Rogers believed it was important for the clinician to master the mode of _______ , because only then could they hope to help the client.

A) sensorimotor
B) abstract
C) empathy
D) logic

Question 22

Rogers argued that behaviorism was a crippled, partial view of human nature because it limited itself to the ____ mode of knowing.

A) logical
B) sensorimotor
C) empathy
D) objective

Question 23

The need to provide vocational guidance to GIs in college created the field of ________ psychology.

A) counseling
B) clinical
C) educational
D) school

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of Carl Rogers' three modes of knowing?

A) objective knowledge of another person through observing their behavior
B) objective knowledge of oneself through observing one's own behavior
C) subjective knowledge of one's own self consciousness
D) subjective knowledge of another person's consciousness through empathy

Question 25

According to Abraham Maslow creative geniuses are:

A) special people with unique, innate abilities
B) what we all could be if we realized our potential
C) the result of unusual conditions of reinforcement
D) frequently neurotic

Question 26

For Rogers and Maslow, the key goal of humanistic psychology was to:

A) help people build moral character.
B) help them realize their full potential
C) cure neurotic tendencies.
D) improve behaviors, not subjective feelings

Question 27

Compared to most Americans, psychologists are politically _____.

A) more liberal
B) more conservative
C) more in the center
D) more polarized

Question 28

According to Thomas Szasz's "The myth of mental illness":

A) psychotherapy did a poor job curing the mentally ill
B) far fewer people were mentally ill than psychologists said
C) mental illness was caused by disordered genes
D) "mental illness" is just a label for people we find disturbing

Question 29

According to Thomas Szasz's "The myth of mental illness," mental illness is, is what?

A) is not living up to one's fullest potential, similar to humanistic psychology.
B) something inside a person's mind that is broken or flawed in some way.
C) is not something a person has, but is something he/she does.
D) none of these

Question 30

Thomas Szasz's argued that brains may be diseased, but most of what society calls mental illness is _______.

A) problems in living
B) genetic abnormalities.
C) genuine bodily diseases.
D) a lack of living up to one's full potential.

Question 31

The key value taught by humanistic psychologists was:

A) humility
B) ambition
C) good manners
D) authenticity

Question 32

According to the text, Humanistic Psychology is the product of modern age. Yet Rogers and Maslow recipe for happiness is most like which previous era?

A) Hellenistic
B) Medieval
C) Greek
D) Victorian

Question 33

According to the text, which of the following was a reason for Timothy Leary and many of the Hippies of the 1960s using LSD and other mind altering drugs?

A) they believed drugs would open the doors to the heart, and they could love other people.
B) it was simple conformity everyone else was doing it.
C) they believed drugs would open the doors of perception to the spiritual world of the mind.
D) they believed drugs would cure their mental problems and neuroses.

Question 34

In general, what did APA president George Miller mean in his 1969 address when he argued that "Psychology should be given away"?

A) Scientific results should be given to the public in a practical and usable form.
B) Academic psychology should disappear, only professional psychology should exist in public.
C) Everyone should be able to practice psychology, it was a call to end licensing of clinicians.
D) all of these.

Question 35

Ten years after APA president George Miller's 1969 address, in which he argued that "Psychology should be given away" a symposium was held to evaluate progress on giving psychology away. The conclusion was?

A) It had been a complete success; the public understood and embraced psychology.
B) It had been somewhat successful, pop psychotherapy and self-help books were being controlled.
C) It had been a failure and it was time to take it back.
D) It was too early to tell, so most psychologists argued to continue giving it away to the public.

Question 36

"Project Camelot" was a government scheme to fund social scientists to:

A) devote themselves to pure research, not social problems
B) enhance the image of the Kennedy administration
C) help the CIA and Pentagon cope with guerilla wars
D) provide solutions to poverty and urban crime

Question 37

The Congressional investigation into the CIA's Project Camelot (1965) tarnished social scientists participating in it because:

A) they falsified data and lied to Congress.
B) Humanistic Psychologists were supposed to have empathy.
C) they appeared to be tools of the government rather than disinterested researchers.
D) none of these.

Question 38

The Boulder Model of clinical training was adopted in part because:

A) psychiatrists insisted on it
B) psychoanalytic institutes were unwilling to train PhD psychologists
C) it helped heal the academic-practitioner rift of the late 1930s
D) would-be clinicians couldn't get into medical school

Question 39

According to the Vail (Psy.D.) model of training, professional psychologists should be trained primarily as:

A) scientists
B) social workers
C) psychotherapists
D) psychiatrist's assistants

Question 40

According to the text, the biggest dispute between clinical psychology and psychiatry involved:

A) Which organization has the rights to the name APA for its organization.
B) Who gets to use title "Doctor", should it be a MD or a PhD
C) Whether psychoanalysis is effective, or at least more effective that behavioral therapy
D) insurance money

Question 41

The APS broke away from APA in:

A) 1980
B) 1988
C) 1992
D) 1959

Question 42

The APS was created because:

A) practicing clinicians wanted their own professional society
B) academic psychologists felt that APA was being run too much in clinicians' interests
C) the old leaders of the AAAP decided to pull out again
D) psychologists hoped having two psychological groups would double Federal funding

Question 43

What was clinical psychology before World War II? How was it transformed by the war?

Question 44

Most professional training programs of a craft are separate from the scientific discipline from which they are related (e.g. Medical Physicians - Biology). Explain why clinical psychology did not begin this way. What is the Boulder model of clinical training?

Question 45

Contrast the Boulder and Vail models of training. What arguments were used on behalf of the latter?

Question 46

The concept of the individual underwent important changes form the 19^th to the 20^th century. How did the concept of Character change into the concept of adjustment? What value did psychologists uphold and why was it hard for them to recognize it as a value?

Question 47

What are Rogers' three modes of knowledge? Compare and Contrast how Rogers views humans to that of the behaviorists? What is client-centered psychotherapy?

Question 48

Make a case for the idea that Humanistic Psychology shares some of the values of the Hellenistic Age.

Question 49

Summarize Thomas Szasz's assault on the mental health establishment as discussed in "The Myth of Mental Illness".

Question 50

What reasons were given for "giving psychology away" and why did some psychologists want to "take it back"?

Question 51

Why did it take so long for the social sciences to receive federal funding? When and how did social sciences begin to receive federal support?

Question 52

Describe the reasons why clinical psychology and psychiatry have had a contentious and competitative relationship in the past?

Question 53

Why was the APS created and what factors led to the break up with the APA?

Question 54

Describe the development of psychoanalysis in the 20^th century.

Question 55

In your view, how complicit is the APA in the use of torture at Guantanamo Bay?