Deck 2: Types of Data

Question 1

Qualitative data can be in the form of numbers

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Data based on rankings are qualitative

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Nominal scales are qualitative measurements that use ranks to represent categories.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Nominal scales are inherently quantitative

Question 5

Ordinal scales are not a type of qualitative data. Rather, they are quantitative data.

Question 6

Placement in a race is on an ordinal scale

Question 7

Unlike interval scales, ratio scales have a true and meaningful zero point

Question 8

Just because you have numbers in a dataset to calculate a mean or median, it doesn't mean that the result is meaningful.

Question 9

A frequency distribution is a table that shows the frequency of possible measurements that could have been observed

Question 10

When counting cumulative frequency, the total frequency will only increase as you move up in an ordered dataset.

Question 11

In a grouped frequency distribution, the groups are formed based on the total number of observations.

Question 12

Grouped frequency distributions can be presented in different ways, such as to show relative frequencies and cumulative relative frequencies.

Question 13

When creating a grouped frequency distribution, it is best to start with 2 groups and then work your way up until a desired amount is reached.

Question 14

Relative frequencies are generally displayed as percentages or proportions, instead of actual counts.

Question 15

Cumulative relative frequencies are also known as percentile rank

Question 16

If a certain datum or observation is associated with a cumulative relative frequency of 59%, that means that 59% of the observations were ranked below that datum or observation.

Question 17

Asking participants of a survey to pick their favorite color would be on an ordinal scale

Question 18

Interval scales and ratio scales are not that different. Interval scales contain a true 0 point but ratio scales don't.

Question 19

In an ungrouped frequency distribution, you are able to extract the entire dataset precisely to have each observation available.

Question 20

Reaction time measured in milliseconds is on an interval scale because there are equal intervals between each millisecond

Question 21

Which of the following scenarios is a reason to use grouped frequency distributions over ungrouped frequency distributions?

A) small datasets with low variability
B) datasets on a nominal scale
C) datasets that contain categorical variables such as gender or color
D) large datasets with high variability

Question 22

Which of the following accurately describes how 0's are represented in different scales?

A) They can be arbitrary for nominal scales, and do not reflect an absence of what is being measured on a ratio scale.
B) The represent an absence of what is being measured on all measurement scales regardless of what kind of scale the data are on.
C) The represent the absence of that which is being measured for interval scales only
D) They represent the absence of that which is being measured for ratio scales only.

Question 23

Which of the following does not describe ordinal scale?

A) Class rank in school
B) Letter grades on a test
C) Percentage of points earned on a test
D) All of the above are ordinal scales.

Question 24

According to S.S. Stevens, what are the two basic characteristics of an object or event that is measurable?

A) Quality and interest
B) Quality and quantity
C) Who and how many
D) When and where

Question 25

$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \text { Degrees } \mathrm { F } & \text { orf } \\\hline 90 - 99 & 100 \\80 - 89 & 89 \\70 - 79 & 81 \\60 - 69 & 40 \\50 - 59 & 21 \\40 - 49 & 7 \\30 - 39 & 3 \\\hline\end{array}$$ What percentage of days were hotter than 79 degrees Fahrenheit?

A) 81%
B) 89%
C) 19%
D) 100%

Question 26

$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \text { Degrees } \mathrm { F } & \text { orf } \\\hline 90 - 99 & 100 \\80 - 89 & 89 \\70 - 79 & 81 \\60 - 69 & 40 \\50 - 59 & 21 \\40 - 49 & 7 \\30 - 39 & 3 \\\hline\end{array}$$ How many days were 59 degrees or less?

A) 21
B) 7
C) 3
D) Insufficient information from the data

Question 27

$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \text { Degrees } \mathrm { F } & \text { orf } \\\hline 90 - 99 & 100 \\80 - 89 & 89 \\70 - 79 & 81 \\60 - 69 & 40 \\50 - 59 & 21 \\40 - 49 & 7 \\30 - 39 & 3 \\\hline\end{array}$$ The most common range of temperature for the recorded days in this dataset was which range?

A) 70 - 79
B) 60 - 69
C) 90 - 99
D) 80 - 89

Question 28

$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \text { Degrees } \mathrm { F } & \text { orf } \\\hline 90 - 99 & 100 \\80 - 89 & 89 \\70 - 79 & 81 \\60 - 69 & 40 \\50 - 59 & 21 \\40 - 49 & 7 \\30 - 39 & 3 \\\hline\end{array}$$ What percentage of days had temperatures between 40 and 69 degrees Fahrenheit?

A) 61%
B) 28%
C) 37%
D) Insufficient information from the data

Question 29

What unique feature about interval scales separates it from ordinal scales?

A) equal distance between any two adjacent points on the scale
B) a true 0 that represents absence
C) rank ordered data
D) All of the above.

Question 30

The following data set presents the number of laptops individuals own. Questions 10 through 13 will use the data below:
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\\text { laptops }\end{array} & \boldsymbol { f } \\\hline 0 & 7 \\1 & 141 \\2 & 81 \\3 & 5 \\4 & 3 \\5 & 7 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-How many individuals had either 1 or 3 laptops?

A) 146
B) 141
C) 227
D) 86

Question 31

The following data set presents the number of laptops individuals own. Questions 10 through 13 will use the data below:
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\\text { laptops }\end{array} & \boldsymbol { f } \\\hline 0 & 7 \\1 & 141 \\2 & 81 \\3 & 5 \\4 & 3 \\5 & 7 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-In this sample, the fewest people had how many laptops?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 32

The following data set presents the number of laptops individuals own. Questions 10 through 13 will use the data below:
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\\text { laptops }\end{array} & \boldsymbol { f } \\\hline 0 & 7 \\1 & 141 \\2 & 81 \\3 & 5 \\4 & 3 \\5 & 7 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-This distribution is ___________, and is showing the ___________.

A) grouped; relative frequency
B) ungrouped; frequency
C) ungrouped; relatively frequency;
D) ungrouped; percentile rank.

Question 33

The following data set presents the number of laptops individuals own. Questions 10 through 13 will use the data below:
$$\begin{array} { c c } \hline \begin{array} { l } \text { Number of } \\\text { laptops }\end{array} & \boldsymbol { f } \\\hline 0 & 7 \\1 & 141 \\2 & 81 \\3 & 5 \\4 & 3 \\5 & 7 \\\hline\end{array}$$

-What is the cumulative relative frequency for owning 3 laptops?

A) 95.9%
B) 2%
C) 93.9%
D) insufficient information.

Question 34

Interval and ratio scales are best described as which of the following?

A) descriptive
B) quantitative
C) qualitative
D) categorical

Question 35

If your score on a test had a cumulative relative frequency of 55%, what does that mean?

A) you are in the 45^th percentile
B) 55% of individuals in the sample scored higher than you
C) 55% of individuals in the sample scored lower than you
D) You scored 55% of the total points correct.

Question 36

Qualitative data is generally concerned with _____________________ whereas quantitative data is concerned with _____________________.

A) frequency; categorization.
B) categorizing; counting
C) How and when; who and where
D) observing; counting

Question 37

Interval scales are inherently...

A) qualitative.
B) quantitative.
C) categories.
D) None of the above.

Question 38

In a grouped frequency distribution, which one of the following is true?

A) you no longer know what the exact data points in the dataset were
B) you are only interested in percentile rank and not frequency, because the individual data points are not used
C) it makes small datasets more easily read
D) It is only a good idea when the difference between the largest and smallest observation is greater than 100.

Question 39

As a general rule of thumb, how many groups should you start with when creating a grouped frequency distribution?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) The range divided by 5

Question 40

What is the midpoint for each group in a grouped frequency distribution?

A) |UL - LL|/2 + LL
B) UL - LL/2 + LL
C) |UL - LL|/2 + UL
D) UL - LL/2

Question 41

Which of the following accurately describes interval and ratio scales?

A) They have all the qualities that ordinal scales have
B) They do not have qualities that ordinal scales have
C) They are the same, except that interval scales have a true 0 point
D) a and c only

Question 42

A researcher is studying the life expectancy of grizzly bears. During her research, she finds that the grizzly bears that inhabit the area primarily find their food from four locations. She reorients her research and begins to examine what types of food is available is at each location and how common each food type is. The data is on what kind of scale?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Ratio
D) Interval

Question 43

A student researcher is asking participants to report the number of hours they studied for a recent exam and the letter grade they received. These are variables on a ___________ and ___________ respectively.

A) ratio; ordinal
B) ratio; interval
C) interval; nominal
D) interval; ordinal

Question 44

A dataset that is comprised of the value of homes in a neighborhood is on a ________ scale

A) interval
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Question 45

Grouped tables for datasets offer which advantage over an ungrouped frequency table?

A) it can be better organize large datasets with lots of variability
B) It can be used for all measurement scales whereas ungrouped frequency tables cannot
C) It shows all values of the dataset whereas ungrouped frequency tables do not.
D) All of the above

Question 46

There are two types of data: qualitative and quantitative. Explain what they are and give an example of each

Question 47

identify the 4 types of measurement scales, and provide an example of each

Question 48

Identify and briefly describe the four ways that data can be organized in frequency tables

Question 49

Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions.
The winner of the contest ate how many hot dogs?

Question 50

Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions.
Create a new column of the table and calculate the cumulative frequencies

Question 51

Below are data from an eating contest. Contestants tried to eat as many hot dogs as they can. Use the data to answer the following questions.
What kind of measurement scale is this data on?

Question 52

Weddings are becoming increasingly expensive for couples. Below are data showing how much newly weds spent on their weddings. Use it to answer the following questions.
The most frequently observed cost in this dataset is how much for a wedding?

Question 53

Weddings are becoming increasingly expensive for couples. Below are data showing how much newly weds spent on their weddings. Use it to answer the following questions.
Create a new column of data and calculate the relative frequency