Deck 7: Fascism

Question 1

In any society or large organization, a small group will always end up with the real power, according to

A) Sigmund Freud's law of ego formation.
B) Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau's principle of miscegenation.
C) Roberto Michels's iron law of oligarchy.
D) Vladimir I. Lenin's principle of democratic centralism.
E) Mohandas Gandhi's principle of satyagraha.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the Nazi conception of freedom, the agent in the triadic model is the

A) state.
B) Aryan race.
C) true natural aristocracy.
D) Semites.
E) Lebensraum.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which word completes the Fascists' slogan, "_____ is to the male what childbirth is to the female"?

A) obedience
B) war
C) freedom
D) eating
E) playing video games

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Ludwig Woltmann used Malthus's law of population growth to support his claim that

A) the Aryans must prepare for a racial war over increasingly scarce resources.
B) the principle of corporativism is the best form of economic organization.
C) national identity is more important than class identity.
D) miscegenation is responsible for the fall of empires.
E) if you can't say something good about somebody, you shouldn't say anything at all.

Question 5

According to Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau's analysis of history,

A) the Aryans must prepare for a racial war over increasingly scarce resources.
B) the principle of corporativism is the best form of economic organization.
C) national identity is more important than class identity.
D) miscegenation is responsible for the fall of empires.
E) forever isn't long enough to give all my love to you.

Question 6

Which of the following is an essential element of the Nazi (and neo-Nazi) ideology?

A) the claim that racial differences are the fundamental fact of human life
B) the desire to champion and help "the common man"
C) the belief that there are no fundamental differences between the sexes
D) an atomistic conception of society
E) the belief that progress is the result of individuals acting strictly on their own

Question 7

Which of the following slogans best captures the fascist ideology as it developed in Italy?

A) "From each according to his ability; to each according to his need."
B) "Nothing outside the State; nothing against the State; everything for the State."
C) "Act on that maxim which you could will to be a universal law of nature."
D) "Over himself, over his own mind and body, the individual is sovereign."
E) "Question authority."

Question 8

Georges Sorel, a thinker who apparently influenced the Italian Fascists, claimed that

A) people were moved to action by "myths," not by reason and logic.
B) the white race is superior in most ways to all other races.
C) every large political movement must be led by a "vanguard party."
D) religion is the most powerful force in binding people together into a nation.
E) success is counted sweetest by those who never succeed.

Question 9

An example of recent neo-Nazi writing is a work of fiction called

A) Mein Kampf.
B) Bridget Jones's Diary.
C) Pride and Prejudice.
D) The Sound and the Fury.
E) The Turner Diaries.

Question 10

The leader of the Fascist Party in Italy in the 1920s and 1930s was

A) Giuseppe Mazzini.
B) Gaetano Mosca.
C) Alfredo Rocco.
D) Benito Mussolini.
E) Jesse "Il Corpore" Ventura.

Question 11

In general, the Counter-Enlightenment thinkers believed that

A) human beings are defined by their differences, not by their common or universal features.
B) people are fundamentally rational and willing to cooperate with others.
C) women are every bit as rational and ambitious as men.
D) people are basically alike despite their superficial differences of race, language, and nationality.
E) most people are selfish and self-interested because society encourages those traits.

Question 12

Simply put, fascism plus ____ equals Nazism.

A) racism
B) humanism
C) militarism
D) totalitarianism
E) elitism

Question 13

Which of the following did the Italian Fascists openly reject?

A) nationalism
B) elitism
C) militarism
D) irrationalism
E) individualism

Question 14

In the fascist conception of freedom, the agent to be freed from obstacles is typically the

A) Aryan race.
B) individual.
C) nation-state.
D) global fascist community.
E) rural proletariat.

Question 15

Fascism developed after World War I as a reaction against

A) liberalism and socialism.
B) capitalism and liberalism.
C) conservatism and religion.
D) nationalism and anarchism.
E) socialism and nationalism.

Question 16

According to the Nazis, the ideas of the Enlightenment were "Jewish ideas" that promote

A) nationalism and socialism.
B) equality and universal brotherhood.
C) nationalism and racism.
D) equality and indoctrination.
E) the tendency to "think with your blood."

Question 17

The Italian Fascists and the Nazis were allies in

A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Korean War.
D) the Franco-Prussian War.
E) the War of the Roses.

Question 18

Who among the following English and American authors influenced Hitler?

A) Houston Stewart Chamberlain
B) Henry Ford
C) Madison Grant
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Question 19

The number of Jews and other supposedly "inferior" peoples murdered by Hitler's Nazi regime was about

A) one million.
B) two million.
C) four million.
D) six million.
E) eight million.

Question 20

Malthus's law holds that

A) population increases exponentially.
B) population increases arithmetically.
C) resources increase arithmetically.
D) A and C are both correct
E) B and C are both correct

Question 21

Which of the following was NOT a feature of Italian Fascism?

A) opposition to democracy
B) corporativism
C) militarism
D) indoctrination
E) internationalism

Question 22

Which of the following features does fascism share with reactionaries and traditional conservatism?

A) Neither fascists nor conservatives have much faith in human reason.
B) Neither fascists nor conservatives like change, especially radical change.
C) Fascists and conservatives are both highly respectful of religion.
D) Fascists and conservatives both favor separation of powers and mixed government.
E) Fascists and conservatives both favor concentration of power in the central government.

Question 23

By Volk (people), Hitler meant

A) all Germans.
B) Jews.
C) Gentiles.
D) Aryans.
E) all of the above.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the ideology of Nazism?

A) anti-Semitism
B) racial Darwinism
C) racial egalitarianism
D) anti-communism
E) The correct answer is not listed.

Question 25

The growth of "white power" is the aim of

A) the Ku Klux Klan.
B) American neo-Nazis.
C) Anarcho-communists.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C

Question 26

According to Hitler, it was necessary to exterminate non-Aryans because

A) the danger of interracial breeding is great.
B) interracial struggle is a battle to the death.
C) the population is increasing and resources are diminishing.
D) all of the above are correct.
E) none of the above is correct.

Question 27

"Political formulae," as Gaetano Mosca used that phrase, included

A) flags.
B) political slogans.
C) national anthems.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

Question 28

Fascists of all stripes repudiated

A) nationalism.
B) communism.
C) liberalism.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C

Question 29

Which American automobile magnate was viewed by Hitler as a hero to Germany and the Aryan Volk?

A) William Chrysler
B) James Studebaker
C) Harold Chevrolet
D) Henry Ford
E) Arthur Dodge

Question 30

Hitler and the above-mentioned American were

A) anti-Dentites.
B) anti-Semites.
C) philo-Semites.
D) anti-Aryan.
E) none of the above.

Question 31

Both based their sociopolitical views on which of the following documents?

A) The Old Testament
B) The New Testament
C) Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
D) The Chronicles of Narnia
E) none of the above

Question 32

The above-mentioned document was in fact

A) a forgery.
B) authentic.
C) divinely inspired.
D) written by a committee.
E) none of the above.

Question 33

Who first used the slogan "America First"?

A) Donald J. Trump
B) American Nazis in the 1930s
C) President John
D) astronaut Buzz Aldrin
E) none of the above
F) Kennedy

Question 34

Nazism is a form or variant of socialism.

Question 35

Nazism is a racist version of fascism.

Question 36

Italian Fascism was not originally a racist ideology.

Question 37

After World War II, Benito Mussolini was tried and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole.

Question 38

Adolf Hitler committed suicide when he had no hope of victory.

Question 39

Fascists attempt to win popular support by appealing to the rational interests of citizens.

Question 40

Benito Mussolini and the Italian Fascists coined the term "totalitarian."

Question 41

Fascists consider their ideology to be democratic.

Question 42

As a young man, Mussolini was a journalist and a proponent of Marxian socialism.

Question 43

Fascists advocate an atomistic or individualistic view of society.

Question 44

During Mussolini's tenure as Il Duce, the Italian government took control of all private property.

Question 45

Mussolini believed the Italian people should openly express their dissatisfaction with his government so that he could improve matters.

Question 46

In Nazi Germany, abortion was illegal for racially pure Aryans but legal for Jews.

Question 47

Toward the end of World War II, railroad cars and other rolling stock were diverted from military use to transport Jews and others to death camps.

Question 48

Italian and German variants of fascism died with Mussolini and Hitler, respectively.

Question 49

In Greece and other European nations, the recent "Great Recession" has produced an anti-immigrant backlash and an upsurge in neo-fascist parties and movements.

Question 50

Historically, fascism has occurred only in Europe.

Question 51

Fascism has never taken hold in any country besides Italy and Germany.

Question 52

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Hitler's strategy of expanding German territory through conquest of neighboring land:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 53

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Fascism + what = Nazism?

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 54

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Economic policy of Mussolini and the Italian Fascists:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 55

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Hitler named his autobiography:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 56

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Mussolini's fascist followers called him:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 57

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Policy of racial separation and discrimination in South Africa until recently:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 58

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-Belief that a small group of talented people will and should rule every society:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 59

Matching
Fill in the blanks with the letter corresponding to the names or terms listed below. Some names or terms may be used more than once and others not at all.
-The "resurrection" group that has campaigned for pan-Arabism:

A)lebensraum
B) apartheid
C) racism
D)Il Duce
E) neoconservative
F) reactionary
G) elitism
H) Mein Kampf
I) Malthus's law
J) Ba'ath Party
K) Der Führer
L) corporativism

Question 60

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-nationalism

Question 61

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-irrationalism

Question 62

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Aryan

Question 63

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-"War is to the male, as childbirth is to the female."

Question 64

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-corporativism

Question 65

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-the iron law of oligarchy

Question 66

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Malthus's law

Question 67

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-the Counter-Enlightenment

Question 68

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-lebensraum

Question 69

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Volksgemeinschaft

Question 70

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau

Question 71

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-apartheid

Question 72

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-The Turner Diaries

Question 73

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Julius Evola

Question 74

Identify and explain the significance of the following names or terms.
-Alt-Right

Question 75

In what ways did Nazism resemble Mussolini's fascism? How did Nazism differ from fascism?

Question 76

Do fascists and Nazis have the same conception of freedom? Use the triadic model to illustrate how you think fascists and Nazis agree or disagree about freedom.

Question 77

Mussolini and the Italian Fascists apparently coined the word "totalitarian." What did they mean by this term, and why did they think that it was good to be totalitarian?

Question 78

What reasons do Nazis give to explain their hatred of Jews, people of African descent, and other races and/or ethnic groups?

Question 79

What does the German word lebensraum mean? Why did the Nazis think this was an important term, and what were its practical political and military implications?

Question 80

Who was Ludwig Woltmann, and what was his contribution, or contributions, to Nazi ideology?