Deck 18: Health Care Organizational Structure, Leadership, Marketing, and Finance

Question 1

Which of the following is the most commonly used organizational structure?

A) Matrix or team-based
B) Service line management
C) Functional
D) Divisional
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Standards of behavior are defined as the:

A) goals of the organization.
B) expectations for conduct for all employees.
C) organizational performance targets.
D) organizational mission.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Dashboards are:

A) a way to measure organizational performance.
B) the side panels in an automobile.
C) usually seen in winter.
D) an Olympic event.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following leadership theories is paired with the correct leadership focus?

A) Situational Approach: Needs of the subordinates
B) Contingency and Path-Goal: Raising consciousness and empowering followers
C) Leader-Member Exchange: Task completing and developing relationships
D) Global Leadership: Team performance and development

Question 5

Which of the following is a focus area for health care leadership ethics?

A) Biomedical ethics
B) Managerial ethics
C) Social ethics
D) Both biomedical and managerial ethics

Question 6

Which of the following is a component of leadership development rather than leader development?

A) A team-based process
B) Leaders as individuals
C) The leader in collaboration with the superior
D) Linked to leader's performance rather than to organizational goals

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a key barrier, rather than a challenge, for health care leadership?

A) Physicians
B) Culture of safety
C) Women in top leadership positions
D) Value-based purchasing

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes how organizational behavior applies to health care organizations?

A) Health care is so unique that many principles of organizational behavior do not apply to health care.
B) The nature of health care work makes certain organizational behavior issues more prominent.
C) The only organizational behavior topics that apply to health care are leadership, motivation, professions, and teamwork.
D) The only organizational behavior topics that apply to health care are quality improvement, finance, and strategy.
E) None of the these statements describes how organizational behavior applies to health care.

Question 9

Which of the following implications of human thinking processes is false?

A) By using careful thinking, we are able to process more information.
B) Individuals with more education are less prone to thinking biases.
C) Most human thinking occurs outside a person's awareness.
D) Emotions seldom affect our cognitive processes.
E) Most human behavior is determined by the demands of the situation.

Question 10

The automatic (System 1) thinking mode is ______, while the deliberate (System 2) thinking mode is ______.

A) unconscious; analytical
B) effortful; intuitive
C) emotional; reactive
D) data-driven; heuristic
E) rational; unemotional

Question 11

When marketing-savvy medical practices divide the total market into groups that have relatively similar health care needs, they are implementing:

A) market segmentation.
B) profitable strategies.
C) the 4Ps.
D) competitive advantage.

Question 12

The definition of quality provided by the Institute of Medicine is the most widely accepted definition of health care quality. Which of the following is not part of the definition?

A) Health care organizations should provide value consistent with the cost structure of the organization.
B) Health care organizations should achieve desired health outcomes for individuals, matching their preferences for variety.
C) Health care organizations should achieve desired health outcomes for populations, matching the societal preferences of policy makers and third-party payers for efficiency.
D) Health care organizations should adhere to professional standards and scientific evidence, consistent with the clinical focus and preferences of health care providers for effectiveness.
E) All of these are aspects of the IOM definition of health care quality

Question 13

To Err is Human examined the high rate of medical errors in the U.S. hospitals; such errors are due to which of the following?

A) Abuse
B) Underuse
C) Overuse
D) Misuse
E) None of these is correct.

Question 14

Which of the following is not included in the definition of Continuous Process Improvement (CQI)?

A) Process focus
B) Organization-wide impact
C) Employee empowerment
D) Structure focus
E) Data-based decision making

Question 15

Toussaint and Berry describe six principles of Lean in health care. They include all of the following, except:

A) an attitude of continuous improvement.
B) a unity of purpose.
C) identifying and eliminating constraints.
D) flexible regimentation.
E) visualization.

Question 16

The delivery of health care lends itself to automation because it:

A) includes workers very comfortable with the use of technology.
B) is expensive.
C) is heavily regulated.
D) includes many repetitive workflows.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Which level of the EMRAM represents an organization's ability to electronically exchange data with other organizations?

A) 5
B) 2
C) 6
D) 3
E) 7

Question 18

What trend in technology had the most influence on new and creative ways to enhance patient care in 2010 and the years immediately subsequent?

A) Increased use of EMR in US hospitals
B) Increased use of EMR in physician practices
C) Incentives for EMR adoption
D) Rapid cycle software development
E) Mobility and telecommunications

Question 19

Concerns about health information systems in general, and EHRs in particular, include which of the following?

A) Interoperability of systems
B) Cybersecurity
C) Integrity of the data itself
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

Alderfer's ERG theory focuses on existence, relatedness, and genetics.

Question 21

Recent workforce studies of employee engagement found that large numbers of employees are not engaged at work, costing billions in lost productivity.

Question 22

Future health care managers will need to manage different generations, but will not have to deal with other changes, such as the shift to a value-based payment system.

Question 23

All marketing activities should center on a short-term transaction with the customer.

Question 24

Television advertisements recruiting patients for liver transplants is an example of a niche marketing tactic.

Question 25

An example of a mass market strategy is when a company markets to a unique subset of potential female purchasers in a defined geographic region.

Question 26

Cause-related marketing links a for-profit company and its offerings to a societal issue.

Question 27

The marketing plan should be written after the development of the organization's strategic plan.

Question 28

The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology has defined electronic medical records as a digital version of the paper records.

Question 29

The acronym HIMSS stands for the Health Information Marketing Systems Society.

Question 30

Providing information from a patient's medical record to pharmaceutical companies is not considered a violation of HIPAA.

Question 31

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services projected that health spending would be 19.7% of GDP in 2026.

Question 32

A deductible is the required level of payment that an insured individual/family must meet prior to the insurer making payments in a fee-for-service plan.

Question 33

Health insurance policies have not used lifetime limits to control total exposure for the costs of care.

Question 34

Expenditures for the Medicare Program have increased as a result of increases in hospital expenditures, prescription drug costs, methods of reimbursement, and the cost of medical malpractice.

Question 35

A family member who does not work in the healthcare industry you the following:
"You're not a nurse or a doctor. What exactly does a health care manager do?"
What do you say to this family member?

Question 36

Describe the differences and/or similarities between motivation and engagement.

Question 37

Compare and contrast Baby Boomers and Generation Xers on motivational preferences.

Question 38

Provide some examples of biases that might occur in the following scenarios:

A) An African American mother brings her child to the emergency room for an asthma attack.
B) A middle-aged Native American is diagnosed with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
C) A White father brings his teenage daughter to the emergency room, stating she has fallen down the stairs.
D) An Asian family brings an elder to a physician's appointment and insists on being in the exam room at all times.

Question 39

How can the focus on patient-centric care affect an organization's care delivery?

Question 40

Discuss the importance of tactical plans in strategy implementation.

Question 41

What is a SWOT analysis, and why is the model considered to provide a thorough picture of an organization's operating environment?

Question 42

How can big data positively influence health care delivery?

Question 43

Explain potential ethical concerns surrounding marketing baby formula.

Question 44

Define near miss and give an example.

Question 45

Define sensitivity to operations and give an example.

Question 46

Define the three types of cost sharing in health insurance and give an example of each.

Question 47

Explain, in your own words, what moral hazard is and why it is a concern for health care.

Question 48

Which of the following competencies reflects expertise or ability to perform a specific work task?

A) Conceptual
B) Interpersonal
C) Technical
D) Both conceptual and interpersonal
E) Both interpersonal and technical

Question 49

Artificial intelligence (AI) will bring health care a vast variety of new methods to provide care. Which of the following is incorrect about the prospect of utilizing AI?

A) Big data sets will allow generalization from examples.
B) Effective health care leaders must be well informed to navigate challenges.
C) Leaders need "hard" skills to be effective when utilizing AI.
D) AI can be used for predictive and prescripted analytics.

Question 50

Which of the following is not one of the four main features of the thinking process?

A) Thinking speed and heuristics create decision biases.
B) Human thinking is inherently rational and logical.
C) Common distortions in our thinking habits affect how we perceive and judge others.
D) Noticing and perceiving information cues and integrating new information
E) Mental frameworks with stored knowledge guide our thinking.

Question 51

Who introduced the concepts underlying Statistical Process Control?

A) Malcolm Baldrige
B) Joseph Juran
C) W. Edwards Deming
D) Walter Shewhart
E) None of these is correct.

Question 52

What is a contractual allowance?

A) It ensures the hospital or provider will get paid 100% of billed charges for services rendered.
B) The minimum amount an insurance carrier will pay a hospital or provider for services rendered.
C) The contract set up between the patient and provider for allowable patient charges
D) The maximum amount an insurance company will pay a hospital or provider for services rendered.

Question 53

The term contribution margin refers to:

A) the amount of effort each employee contributes to an organization.
B) the number of patients that contributed payment towards their bill.
C) the amount of revenue contributed to an organization after fixed costs are subtracted.
D) the amount of revenue contributed to an organization after variable costs are subtracted.

Question 54

Board certification is:

A) mandatory.
B) part of a criminal background check.
C) involuntary.
D) a form of credentialing that a physician has competency in a specific area.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 55

IMGs represent what percentage of physicians in the United States?

A) 35%
B) 24%
C) 40%
D) 10%
E) None of these is correct.

Question 56

Which of the following statements about LPNs/LVNs is true?

A) Work in hospitals, nursing care facilities, and physician offices
B) Are trained in 2 months
C) Only work in nursing homes
D) Are not allowed to give medications in any states
E) None of these is correct.

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of a workforce planning and recruitment function?

A) Offering training and development
B) Assessing employee performance
C) Managing compensation and benefits
D) Advertising for employees

Question 58

Third-party websites can assist the Human Resources staff with which of the following?

A) Recruitment
B) Retention
C) Employee performance appraisals
D) Recruitment and retention
E) None of these is correct.

Question 59

When does negotiation of an employment offer by a candidate occur?

A) Before a written offer is received
B) After a written offer is received
C) During the interview with the hiring manager
D) Negotiation of an employment offer is not possible.

Question 60

What does the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1985 (EMTALA) require?

A) All hospitals should take care of patients for free.
B) Doctors must accept all patients who seek their care.
C) Emergency rooms that receive federal money must provide screening and care for a patient with an emergency condition.
D) Patients in active labor can get care at any facility they choose.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 61

Interpretive justice is important to understanding which of the following?

A) Legislative acts
B) Principles of the common law
C) Constitutional issues
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 62

Which of the following statements is true about medical malpractice?

A) It is practiced by every physician in health care.
B) It is easy to prove in a court of law.
C) It is difficult to prove and often expensive for the victim.
D) It has virtually disappeared in the United States.

Question 63

The Patient Self-Determination Act:

A) is mandated by the Constitution.
B) was enacted by legislation.
C) was born of a local code.
D) is a criminal sanction.

Question 64

HEAT is an acronym that stands for:

A) Health Care Electronics Action Team.
B) Health Emergency and Torts.
C) Health Care Fraud Prevention and Enforcement Action Team.
D) Health Expenditures and Human Services Trust.
E) Human Services Evaluation and Tracking.

Question 65

Which of the following statements about the Stark Law is correct?

A) It was enacted to deal with referrals made by anyone in exchange for something of value.
B) It applies to any physician who refers a patient to an entity in which they have a financial interest.
C) It prohibits billing by a laboratory for services provided pursuant to illegal referrals.
D) It was enacted to deal with referrals made by anyone in exchange for something of value and it prohibits billing by a laboratory for services provided pursuant to illegal referrals.
E) It applies to any physician who refers a patient to an entity in which they have a financial interest and it prohibits billing by a laboratory for services provided pursuant to illegal referrals.

Question 66

The basic principle underlying laws regulating health care organizations is:

A) the social reputation of health care organizations.
B) the major market share that health care organizations hold in our economy.
C) the trust the public puts in health care providers in exchange for a duty to put patient interests first.
D) the trust managers in health care organizations put in their staff in exchange for compliance with professional standards of practice.
E) the distrust the government has for health care organizations to voluntarily choose best practices.

Question 67

The frustration-regression principle is a key characteristic of McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory.

Question 68

Engagement is a straightforward concept and thus is easily measured.

Question 69

The Electronic Medical Record Analytical Model (EMRAM) is used to assess the progression of adoption and optimization of health information systems in hospitals.

Question 70

Not-for-profit health care organizations generally pay taxes on profits.

Question 71

AR stands for Accounts Receivable

Question 72

A for-profit health care organization must file an IRS 990 annual corporate tax return.

Question 73

Many related terms embrace the concept of cultural proficiency.

Question 74

Access to health insurance is an important social determinant, and availability of it may lead to better outcomes among minority populations.

Question 75

Most hospitals in the U.S. are actively collecting information on patients' language, race, and ethnicity.

Question 76

If an act is legal, it has to be ethical.

Question 77

Administrative agencies dictate many of the ways in which health care workers and organizations must function.

Question 78

When consent is given, the individual is held to this consent even if he or she did not fully understand what was being consented to.

Question 79

The Office of Inspector General of the DHHS (OIG-DHHS) reported that billions of dollars are lost to fraud and abuse each year.

Question 80

The first requirement for a patient who enters the emergency room is to show his or her insurance card at the registration desk.