Question 1

If a 2-month-old infant presents with congenital hip dysplasia, what type of treatment would be appropriate for this child?&#10;A) Skin traction&#10;B) Spica cast&#10;C) Pavlik harness&#10;D) Surgical intervention

Accepted Answer

At 2 months of age, the most appropriate treatment for congenital hip dysplasia is the Pavlik harness. This device is designed to hold the baby's hips in the correct position while allowing some movement and is typically used until the hip is stable, usually for several weeks to months.

Question 2

As a pediatric nurse, you notice a child using his or her arm muscles with great difficulty for assistance when rising from a supine position. It is suspected that this child is suffering from muscular dystrophy. Which of the following procedures can be used to confirm the decreased production of the protein dystrophin and subsequent infiltration of fatty material into the muscle areas?

A) Muscle biopsy
B) MRI of lower extremities
C) Serum protein evaluation
D) Urine protein evaluation

A

Accepted Answer

A muscle biopsy is the definitive procedure to confirm the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy by showing decreased production of dystrophin and the infiltration of fatty material into the muscle areas.

Question 3

For children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, pharmacotherapy support includes corticosteroid administration to slow the progression of muscle weakness, as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta blockers to slow the progression of which coincident medical condition?

A) Cardiomyopathy
B) Tubular sclerosis
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Accepted Answer

Cardiomyopathy is a common coincident medical condition in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. ACE inhibitors and beta blockers are used to slow the progression of cardiomyopathy, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Question 4

A 2-year-old child presents with a spiral fracture to the lower extremity. As a pediatric nurse, what must always be ruled out in these situations?&#10;A) Malnutrition&#10;B) Osteomalacia&#10;C) Osteosarcoma&#10;D) Intentional injury

Accepted Answer

Spiral fractures in young children, especially those who are not yet walking or are in the early stages of walking, can be indicative of non-accidental trauma or intentional injury. It's important to consider the possibility of abuse and ensure the child's safety.

Question 5

A 5-year-old Caucasian male patient presents with a limp, aching pain, and stiffness that progresses later in the day and with activity. As a pediatric nurse, which medical condition should be suspected?

A) Dystonia
B) Osteomalacia
C) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
D) Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Accepted Answer

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease is characterized by a limp and pain that can worsen with activity, commonly seen in children around the age of 5. It involves avascular necrosis of the femoral head, leading to these symptoms.

Question 6

A child with a healing fracture immobilized by a cast presents with acute onset of pain and distally radiating changes in sensation at the site of the injury. What medical condition should this child be assessed for immediately?

A) Compartment syndrome
B) Deep vein thrombosis
C) Necrotizing fasciitis
D) Toxic shock syndrome

Accepted Answer

Compartment syndrome is a condition that can occur after a fracture, where increased pressure within one of the body's compartments (groups of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels) reduces blood flow to the area. This can lead to severe pain, sensory changes, and even tissue damage if not treated promptly, matching the symptoms described.

Question 7

While performing a physical examination, you notice a child has uneven scapula consistent with scoliosis. What would be an appropriate treatment to correct a mild case of scoliosis?&#10;A) Skeletal traction&#10;B) Chiropractic spinal manipulation&#10;C) Wearing a Milwaukee brace for 23 hours a day&#10;D) Surgical correction with placement of rods and wires

Accepted Answer

For a mild case of scoliosis, wearing a brace, such as the Milwaukee brace, for most of the day (up to 23 hours) is a common non-surgical treatment to prevent further curvature of the spine as the child grows.

Question 8

A child presents with muscle weakness, bowed legs, thickened ankles and wrists, and projection of the breastbone. Based on your clinical judgment, with which medical condition is this child presenting?

A) Rickets
B) Dystonia
C) Spina bifida
D) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Accepted Answer

The child's symptoms of muscle weakness, bowed legs, thickened ankles and wrists, and projection of the breastbone are classic signs of Rickets, a condition caused by vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate deficiency, leading to softening and weakening of the bones.

Question 9

If a newborn child presents with a club foot, which of the following is an appropriate treatment option for this child?&#10;A) Series of casts that are changed weekly&#10;B) Placement of corrective splints&#10;C) Wearing corrective shoes&#10;D) Foot bone realignment surgery

Accepted Answer

The initial treatment for clubfoot in newborns is typically the Ponseti method, which involves a series of casts that are changed weekly to gradually correct the foot's position.

Question 10

When educating the parents of a child who is recovering from bone fractures or trauma, what vitamin/mineral would you suggest dietary supplementation of to revitalize and renew bone tissue?&#10;A) Zinc&#10;B) Calcium&#10;C) Magnesium&#10;D) Vitamin K

Accepted Answer

The answer of When educating the parents of a child...

Deck 23: Mobility