Deck 21: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Question 1

In animals,individual cells are grouped into ________.

A) organs
B) tissues
C) organisms
D) organ systems

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The fact that every organism continuously exchanges chemicals and energy with its surroundings indicates that organisms ________.

A) are open systems
B) are closed systems
C) have tightly controlled thermoregulation
D) osmoregulate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A physiologist is a biologist who studies the ________.

A) structure of living things
B) structure of body parts
C) evolution of animals
D) function of body parts

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that ________.

A) it is made up of cells
B) the cells are sparsely scattered through an extracellular matrix
C) it is not made up of cells
D) it is found only in humans

Question 5

The vertebrate kidney helps to keep the acidity of the body fluids constant by varying the amount of hydrogen ions (H⁺)it secretes into the urine.You can confidently predict that this aspect of kidney function,like other mechanisms of homeostasis,will be controlled by ________.

A) a negative feedback mechanism
B) nerve impulses from the brain
C) a hormone produced in the brain
D) a hormone produced in the kidney itself

Question 6

Which of the following is the most common type of connective tissue in the typical human body?

A) fibrous connective tissue
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) bone

Question 7

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides.If this animal practices homeostasis with respect to the salt concentration of its body fluids,its salt concentration will show ________.

A) no fluctuations
B) slight, continuous fluctuations
C) a more concentrated state than the surrounding water at all times D a more diluted state than the surrounding water at all times

Question 8

Involuntary muscle includes ________.

A) skeletal muscle only
B) smooth muscle only
C) smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
D) smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and some skeletal muscle

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about organs?

A) An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissues composing it.
B) An organ consists of several tissues.
C) An organ can carry out only the functions of its component tissues.
D) An organ consists of many cells.

Question 10

A main function of most types of epithelial tissue is ________.

A) sensation
B) support
C) covering surfaces
D) absorption

Question 11

Which of the following generally makes skeletal muscle different from both smooth and cardiac muscle?

A) Skeletal muscles are made of cells called "fibers."
B) Skeletal muscle cannot be contracted voluntarily.
C) Skeletal muscle can be contracted voluntarily.
D) Skeletal muscle cells have nuclei.

Question 12

What kind of connective tissue has a matrix that is strong and flexible?

A) bone
B) adipose tissue
C) loose connective tissue
D) cartilage

Question 13

The basic unit of nervous tissue is the ________.

A) dendrite
B) axon
C) neuron
D) brain

Question 14

Which type of tissue forms an electrical communication system within the body?

A) nervous
B) blood
C) connective
D) muscle

Question 15

Which is the most abundant kind of tissue in most animals?

A) connective
B) epithelial
C) blood
D) muscle

Question 16

If a person is suffering from heat stroke,which organ system is failing?

A) skeletal system
B) digestive system
C) nervous system
D) circulatory system

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of a typical skeletal muscle?

A) It is found in the walls of organs such as the digestive tract.
B) Its fibers do not have a striped appearance under the microscope.
C) It can be enlarged by exercise.
D) It is only found in heart tissue.

Question 18

Which one of the following types of tissue stores fat in the body?

A) cartilage
B) bone
C) adipose tissue
D) fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

Homeostasis ________.

A) is the maintenance of an unchanging internal state
B) is a pathological condition
C) is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
D) is the way the internal environment influences the external environment

Question 20

Bone is a type of ________.

A) connective tissue
B) epithelial tissue
C) extracellular matrix
D) adipose tissue

Question 21

Most homeostatic mechanisms depend on ________.

A) positive and negative feedback
B) negative feedback
C) predictable environmental conditions
D) predictable internal conditions

Question 22

Which of the following animals is generating (producing)body heat to warm itself?

A) a beetle that absorbs solar radiation
B) a moth that shivers its wings before flight
C) a lizard that lies on a warm rock
D) a turtle that moves to a warm, shallow part of a pond

Question 23

Excretion is the movement of substances from the ________ to the ________.

A) filtrate... blood
B) kidney... urinary bladder
C) blood... filtrate
D) kidneys... outside

Question 24

Secretion is the movement of substances from the ________ to the ________.

A) nephron... blood
B) filtrate... blood
C) kidney... urinary bladder
D) blood... filtrate

Question 25

A diuretic is a substance that ________.

A) promotes sweating
B) regulates the contraction of cardiac muscle
C) inhibits urinary water loss
D) promotes urinary water loss

Question 26

One function of this organ system is ________.

A) excretion of urea
B) production of gametes
C) protection of the body
D) thermoregulation

Question 27

Which of the following is a source of water loss in humans? I)urination
II)defecation
III)breathing

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) I, II, and III

Question 28

When body temperature is too low,which of the following occurs?

A) Blood vessels in the skin constrict.
B) Muscles relax.
C) Sweat glands are activated.
D) Blood vessels at the body surface dilate and fill with blood.

Question 29

Compare how temperature is regulated in a room with a thermostat with how thermoregulation works in the human body.What is most analogous to "Heating starts" (i.e.,heat is produced)for the human body?

A) Blood vessels constrict near the surface.
B) The person puts on more clothes.
C) Metabolic rate increases.
D) Sweat is produced.

Question 30

Which of the following is most likely to be responsible if,when your blood sugar level rose,the level went back down?

A) the use of the sugar for energy by your cells
B) a homeostatic mechanism based on negative feedback
C) type 2 diabetes
D) a homeostatic mechanism based on positive feedback

Question 31

In humans,goosebumps are a vestige of a mammalian adaptation related to ________.

A) thermoregulation
B) water conservation
C) osmoregulation
D) positive feedback

Question 32

One function of this organ system is ________.

A) thermoregulation
B) excretion
C) exchange of gases between the blood and air
D) transport of substances throughout the body

Question 33

Which of the following is a function of the kidneys? I)elimination of urea
II)reabsorption of valuable solutes
III)reabsorbing water

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) all of the above

Question 34

Which of the following statements apply to freshwater fish?

A) They lose water by osmosis.
B) The concentration of solutes in their internal fluids is lower than in the surrounding water.
C) They pump out ions via the gills.
D) They produce dilute urine.

Question 35

The figure below shows that ________.

A) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to sense their external environments
B) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to use their internal conditions to affect their external environments
C) cats experience no variations in their internal conditions
D) homeostatic mechanisms allow cats to maintain relatively constant internal conditions even when the external environment changes

Question 36

Examine the figure above that shows negative feedback in a thermostat.If the room becomes too warm,the next thing that will occur is ________.

A) heating stops
B) the set point decreases
C) the room cools
D) the heater is turned off

Question 37

Which of the following animals is an ectotherm?

A) human
B) parrot
C) spiny lobster
D) field mouse

Question 38

Which process describes the forcing of water and other small molecules from the blood into a kidney tubule?

A) absorption
B) filtration
C) secretion
D) excretion

Question 39

Which of the following is a physiological response that takes place in many animals when they get too hot?

A) slowing of the heart rate
B) constriction of blood vessels in the skin
C) contraction of muscles
D) increased blood flow to the skin

Question 40

Reabsorption is the movement of substances from the ________ to the ________.

A) blood... nephron
B) filtrate... blood
C) kidney... urinary bladder
D) blood... filtrate

Question 41

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

What best describes the regulatory mechanism described in the scenario?

A) negative feedback
B) positive feedback
C) thermoregulation
D) natural selection

Question 42

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present. When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its burrow and capture the prey insects.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C. When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to keep their internal temperatures below 49°C, even when surface temperatures are above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
When foraging spiders are too hot,they retreat into their burrows.What type of feedback system does this indicate?

A) hormonal feedback
B) positive feedback
C) negative feedback
D) positive and negative feedback

Question 43

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

To communicate the results of the experiment best,how should the scientist graph the data?

A) Use a bar graph with oxygen consumption on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
B) Use a line graph with day on the x-axis and temperature on the y-axis.
C) Use a line graph with temperature on the x-axis and oxygen consumption on the y-axis.
D) Use a bar graph with temperature on the x-axis and oxygen consumption on the y-axis.

Question 44

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

The thermoregulatory strategy of the animal studied by the scientist is most likely to be ________.

A) an ectotherm
B) an endotherm
C) one that cannot thermoregulate
D) one that primarily uses behavior to regulate temperature

Question 45

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

At high temperatures this animal loses water rapidly.To prevent dehydration,this animal's nephrons should ________.

A) increase reabsorption
B) decrease reabsorption
C) increase secretion
D) decrease secretion

Question 46

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present. When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its burrow and capture the prey insects.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C. When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to keep their internal temperatures below 49°C, even when surface temperatures are above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
Based on the information in the paragraphs,spiders are ________.

A) ectotherms
B) endotherms
C) sometimes ectotherms and sometimes endotherms
D) neither ectotherms nor endotherms

Question 47

Use the following information to answer the following questions.
The dune-burrowing spider Seothyra species lives in the Namib Desert on the southwestern coast of Africa. These spiders build silk-lined burrows with a sticky silk mat at the entrance to trap insect prey. While foraging during the day, the spider remains concealed in its burrow and shielded from direct sunlight when prey are not present. When insect prey become entangled in the sticky silk mat, the spider will run out of its burrow and capture the prey insects.
During the day, environmental temperatures vary from 17 to 73°C (63-164°F). If a spider is forced to remain outside of its burrow, it shows signs of thermal stress at 49°C. When spiders are unrestrained, they spend more time waiting inside their burrows to keep their internal temperatures below 49°C, even when surface temperatures are above 65°C. In addition, spiders respond more quickly to prey stimuli during the hottest times of the day and capture prey in significantly less time when surface temperatures are above 49°C. The captured arthropods (prey) tend to succumb more quickly to hot surface temperatures; they are more lethargic and struggle less when captured at the high temperature ranges.
When spiders show signs of thermal stress,this is an indication that they are unable to ________.

A) move
B) function
C) osmoregulate
D) thermoregulate

Question 48

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

The scientist studies a second animal whose oxygen consumption rises as temperature increases.The thermoregulatory strategy of the second animal is most likely to be ________.

A) an ectotherm
B) an endotherm
C) one that cannot osmoregulate
D) one that primarily uses metabolism to regulate temperature

Question 49

To study the effect of ambient (environmental) temperature on the metabolic rate of animals, a scientist takes a small animal and puts it in a sealed chamber with oxygen. The scientist measures the amount of oxygen used by the animal at different temperatures. The temperatures selected are those that the animal normally encounters in nature. The data from this experiment are in the table below.

Oxytocin controls the contractions of the uterus.Of which type of tissue is the uterus composed?

A) nervous tissue
B) skeletal muscle
C) smooth muscle
D) epithelium