Deck 29: Protest and Stagnation: The Western World, 1965-1985

Question 1

Which of the following issues led to Jimmy Carter's defeat in 1980?

A)The collapse of oil prices
B)His inability to gain the release of American hostages held in Iran
C)The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 1

His inability to gain the release of American hostages held in Iran

Question 2

The so-called permissive society of the 1960s was characterized by all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Sexual freedom
B)Declining rates of divorce
C)Decriminalization of homosexuality

Answer 2

Declining rates of divorce

Question 3

An appropriate symbol of détente between Russia and America was the ABM Treaty of 1972 that had resulted in which of the following?

A)It pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems, thus avoiding a new arms race.
B)It allowed the Russians to export more luxury commodities to the United States without paying import taxes.
C)It enabled both countries to trade freely in aircraft, bonds, and minerals.

Answer 3

It pledged the two nations to limit their development of anti-ballistic missile systems, thus avoiding a new arms race.

Question 4

The policies of Ronald Reagan entailed which of the following?

A)They expanded spending on food stamps.
B)They more than doubled the national debt.
C)They decreased spending on the military.

Question 5

The doctrine that eased Cold War tensions in the 1970s is known as which of the following?

A)Containment
B)Détente
C)Mutually assured destruction (MAD)

Question 6

Under the U.S. presidency of Jimmy Carter, which of the following became a major goal of American foreign policy?

A)To contain communism around the globe
B)To protect human rights globally
C)To withdraw from European defensive alliances to lessen global tensions

Question 7

After his election to the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon pursued a "southern strategy" by creating policies designed to appeal to whom among the following?

A)Leaders in southern Vietnam
B)Southern whites
C)Republican voters in southern California

Question 8

Who among the following was the West German chancellor whose policy of Ostpolitik improved relations with East Germany?

A)Willy Brandt
B)Konrad Adenauer
C)Helmut Kohl

Question 9

What does "stagflation" refer to?

A)In the U.S. economy of the 1970s, the reduction of wages and growth together
B)In the U.S. economy of the 1970s, the increase of wages coupled with deflation in the economy
C)In the U.S. economy of the 1970s, the stagnation of wages but continued inflation

Question 10

How did the Vietnam War end?

A)It ended through a negotiated solution in 1975 with the Helsinki Agreements.
B)It ended in 1975 with the surrender of North Vietnam to U.S. and Cambodian forces.
C)After United States withdrew in 1973, South Vietnam was captured by North Vietnamese forces by 1975.

Question 11

Which American president led efforts to maintain a Vietnam-like war in Afghanistan by aiding anti-Soviet insurgents?

A)Richard Nixon
B)Ronald Reagan
C)George H.W. Bush

Question 12

Great Britain under Margaret Thatcher experienced which of the following?

A)A disastrous defeat against Argentina in the Falklands War
B)Improved industrial production in the Midlands
C)A large military buildup and hardline approach against communism

Question 13

The 1975 Helsinki Agreements saw which of the following outcomes?

A)It established American military dominance in Europe.
B)It accorded the Soviet Union the right to intervene in Western European political affairs.
C)It recognized all borders in central and Eastern Europe established since World War II.

Question 14

In which country did the sexual revolution of the 1960s take root?

A)The United States
B)France
C)Sweden

Question 15

The East German leader Erich Honecker was most noted for which of the following?

A)Building the Berlin Wall in 1961
B)Establishing a virtual dictatorship by using the Stasi or secret police in the 1970s and 1980s
C)Urging the political unification of West and East Germany in the late 1980s

Question 16

In Czechoslovakia, the "Prague Spring" had which of the following effects?

A)It permanently ended communism.
B)It successfully established a long-lasting democratic government.
C)It prompted a quick, brutal response by the Red Army.

Question 17

The "four olds" targeted during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution included all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Old ideas
B)Old rulers
C)Old customs

Question 18

In 1965, President Charles de Gaulle of France called the United States "the greatest danger in the world today to peace" because of U.S. policy toward which of the following states?

A)Cuba
B)Vietnam
C)The Soviet Union

Question 19

Which American president made the decision to bomb North Vietnam and significantly increase the number of American troops in the Second Vietnam War?

A)Dwight Eisenhower
B)Lyndon Johnson
C)John Kennedy

Question 20

Eurocommunism was most successful in which country?

A)Italy
B)France
C)Poland

Question 21

Who murdered Israeli athletes at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, and what did this act represent?

A)A radical Arab nationalist group, signaling the new, global reach of extremist politics
B)A terrorist organization, signaling that a new global threat was emerging
C)A neo-Nazi organization, signaling that far-right violence was again on the rise

Question 22

What is the significance of the Solidarity movement?

Question 23

What is the Brezhnev Doctrine?

Question 24

Wars like the ones in Vietnam and Afghanistan demonstrated which of the following principles?

A)The superpowers could never be at peace.
B)There would always be sphere of influence in the world where the superpowers would be at conflict.
C)There would be wars that the superpowers could not win against a strong nationalist and guerrilla-type opposition.

Question 25

Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man argued which of the following?

A)Productive political change could come only from the elites.
B)Capitalism was responsible for heightening the discontent of the masses.
C)Unindoctrinated students could liberate the masses from their elite oppressors.

Question 26

In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan predicted that the world would eventually be described as which of the following?

A)Engaged in an ongoing clash of civilizations
B)A global village forged by connection and interdependency
C)Finally free of ideological conflict at the end of "history"

Question 27

Postmodernism in art could include all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)An eclectic mingling of historic tradition and Modernist innovation
B)Photorealism
C)Blurring the distinction between the arts, including film, performance, and popular culture

Question 28

How are European Green movements best described?

A)They achieved notable political successes in most European countries.
B)They were not successful in mobilizing public support.
C)They made average people aware of environmental problems and gained a variety of local and national political offices.

Question 29

What are the central tenets of existentialism?

Question 30

Which European writer used fantasy to examine moral issues while remaining confident about the human condition?

A)Albert Camus
B)Gabriel García Márquez
C)Milan Kundera

Question 31

The Soviet launch of Sputnik occurred in which of the following years?

A)1949
B)1952
C)1957

Question 32

What was the object of feminist movements in the 1950s and 1960s?

Question 33

Which major trend in music since World War II was best expressed in the works of Olivier Messiaen?

A)Neoclassicism
B)Serialism
C)Postmodernism

Question 34

Which figure was most important to the development of an early computer and the inventor of the computer language COBOL?

A)J) Robert Oppenheimer
B)Karl Barth
C)Grace Hopper

Question 35

In the 1960s, college and university students complained and demonstrated against all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)Declining enrollments
B)Lack of a relevant educational experience
C)Crowded classrooms

Question 36

In the late 1970s, punk rock music was exemplified by which of the following bands?

A)The Sex Pistols
B)The Rolling Stones
C)The Beatles

Question 37

What role did "teach-ins" play in antiwar protests?

Question 38

Which of the following literary works employs "magic realism"?

A)Small Is Beautiful
B)One Hundred Years of Solitude
C)The Unbearable Lightness of Being

Question 39

The American composer Philip Glass is associated with which of the following movements?

A)Post-Surrealism
B)Neo-Expressionism
C)Minimalism

Question 40

What is the "permissive society"?

Question 41

Why are transistors so important for the beginning of modern computing?

Question 42

What are Foucault's main arguments?

Question 43

What were the central principles of the Reagan administration's policies?

Question 44

What is Ostpolitik?

Question 45

What was Perestroika?

Question 46

Who among the following is the author of The Feminine Mystique?

A)Rachel Carson
B)Betty Ford
C)Betty Friedan

Question 47

Why was Honecker so reviled in East Germany?

Question 48

Describe the composition of the antiwar movement. What classes, genders, and ages were most represented? Why?

Question 49

How did the United States come to be involved in the Vietnam War?

Question 50

What reforms were enacted in Hungary to give "communism a capitalist facelift"?

Question 51

How did TV and the Internet change mass culture?

Question 52

How did Mitterrand respond to economic hardships in France?

Question 53

What are Postmodernism's main tenets?

Question 54

What was the motivation for détente? What means did détente use, and what results did it have?

Question 55

How did antiwar, feminist, and student movements intersect?

Question 56

What was the result of the Helsinki Accords?

Question 57

What was the objective of the Cultural Revolution?

Question 58

Why was President Nixon impeached?

Question 59

Why did postwar feminism take issue with capitalism and consumerism in their efforts to achieve social equality for women?

Question 60

Student protests in Europe backfired to an extent in what way?

A)Some people detested what they saw as the lawlessness of privileged students who had time to protest for days on end.
B)Too many people died during protests in 1968, leading to a crackdown.
C)The students themselves began to have doubts about their tactics and aims.

Question 61

How did Margaret Thatcher's policies break with political tradition in the United Kingdom? What results did they have?

Question 62

How were Perestroika and Glasnost related? What results did they have? Which of those results were intentional, and which were not?

Question 63

How did the Soviet Union respond to reforms in Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia in the 1980s? How did this compare with its response in the 1950s and 1960s?

Question 64

Why did many begin to fear that humanity might wipe itself out in the 1970s? Were their fears justified?

Question 65

Compare the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution? How did each succeed, and how did each fail?

Question 66

How is the Solidarity movement in Poland best described?

A)It was temporarily crushed by Jànos Kàdàr in 1981.
B)It failed to gain massive support due to stiff opposition from the conservative Catholic church.
C)It was outlawed in 1981 and its leaders arrested.

Question 67

Under the Brezhnev Doctrine, which of the following policies did the Soviet government follow?

A)The Soviets declared the right of intervention if a socialist state were threatened.
B)The Soviets attempted to roll back capitalism everywhere.
C)The Soviets decided to grant more political freedoms at home.

Question 68

The resignation of Antonín Novotný in Czechoslovakia was precipitated by which of the following?

A)A mass protest in Prague
B)His denunciation by the Soviets as an enemy of the Communist Party
C)A writers' rebellion

Question 69

How are late twentieth-century French politics similar to late twentieth-century Italian politics? How do they differ?

Question 70

What was the "turning point" in the second Vietnam War? How was the war perceived differently in Vietnam and in the United States?

Question 71

How did various U.S. administrations attempt to address the problem of stagflation? What successes, if any, did these administrations have in the short term and the long term?

Question 72

On what points do Saussure, Derrida, and Foucault agree? On what points do they differ?

Question 73

What common themes emerge from accounts of repression by communist governments in Eastern Europe? Discuss at least two themes in your response.

Question 74

The Ohio National Guard killed four student protesters in 1970 at which university and during which event?

A)At an anti-government protest at the Ohio State University
B)At a women's rights protest at the University of Ohio
C)At an antiwar protest at Kent State University