Deck 22: Nationalism and Political Reform, 1850-1880

Question 1

Define the following terms: trasformismo

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Define the following terms: Schleswig Holstein

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Define the following terms: February Patent

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Define the following terms: Emperor Franz Joseph

Question 5

Define the following terms: Kaiser Wilhelm I

Question 6

Define the following terms: Compromise of 1867

Question 7

Define the following terms: Crimean War

Question 8

Define the following terms: Otto von Bismarck

Question 9

Define the following terms: Zollverein

Question 10

Define the following terms: Florence Nightingale

Question 11

Define the following terms: Franco-Prussian War

Question 12

Define the following terms: Alsace Lorraine

Question 13

Define the following terms: congress system

Question 14

Define the following terms: risorgimento

Question 15

Define the following terms: Giuseppe Garibaldi

Question 16

Define the following terms: Dual Monarchy

Question 17

Define the following terms: Realpolitik

Question 18

Define the following terms: Bundesrat, Reichstag

Question 19

Define the following terms: Camillo di Cavour

Question 20

Define the following terms: Congress of Paris

Question 21

Define the following terms: Queen Victoria

Question 22

Define the following terms: "Sick Man of Europe"

Question 23

Define the following terms: Great Reforms

Question 24

Define the following terms: Gladstone, Disraeli

Question 25

Discuss the what, when, why, and the consequences of the Crimean War. Explain what each participant hoped to gain from it and how its outcome affected international relations.

Question 26

Define the following terms: mir

Question 27

Define the following terms: Third Republic

Question 28

Define the following terms: tricouleur

Question 29

Summarize the history of German unification. What was the strategy of Bismarck in eliminating the presence of Austria in the German Confederation? What role did the Franco-Prussian War play in arousing support for unification?

Question 30

Define the following terms: Young Turks

Question 31

Define the following terms: Bulgarian horrors

Question 32

Provide a comprehensive overview of politics in the West from 1850 to 1880.

Question 33

Define the following terms: Liberal Empire

Question 34

Define the following terms: Tsar Alexander II

Question 35

Define the following terms: Magyarization

Question 36

Define the following terms: Napoleon III

Question 37

Define the following terms: Paris Commune

Question 38

Define the following terms: Second Reform Bill

Question 39

Summarize the history of Italian unification to 1860. What roles did Cavour and Garibaldi play in the process? How would you evaluate the role of Napoleon III?

Question 40

Define the following terms: zemstvos

Question 41

Which of the following does not describe the New and United Germany?

A) The military was a dominant force in the new nation.
B) The authoritarianism of Prussia was projected onto all of Germany.
C) Conservatives were the majority in both the Bundesrat and Reichstag.
D) Parliament was the only body able to make foreign policy.
E) Important government positions were responsible only to the emperor.

Question 42

Florence Nightingale was a heroine of the Crimean War because she

A) organized nurses to care for British soldiers.
B) stopped the war.
C) wrote influential newspaper articles criticizing the war.
D) was one of the first women in combat during modern times.
E) was a spy for England.

Question 43

Newly united Italy experienced

A) little tension between an industrializing north and a rural south.
B) support of the Catholic Church.
C) a strong central government based on suffrage for 2 percent of the population.
D) linguistic and cultural unity.
E) decreased legal equality and freedom of association for its citizens.

Question 44

Emperor Franz Joseph

A) was a hard-working and cosmopolitan ruler, beloved throughout the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
B) was a fervent German nationalist who sought the assimilation of his Slavic subjects.
C) served as a figurehead monarch, similar to the British monarch.
D) reigned very briefly before being overthrown.
E) was able to conciliate the forces of liberalism and nationalism.

Question 45

The unification of Italy was due primarily to

A) the diplomacy of Mazzini.
B) a popular uprising.
C) the Congress of Paris settlement.
D) the leadership of Piedmont and the strategy of Cavour.
E) British support as pay back for Italian involvement during the Crimean War.

Question 46

Describe the reforms of Tsar Alexander II. What were his goals, and what administrative, social, and judicial measures did he take to achieve them?

Question 47

German unification involved all of the following except

A) a strong leader who imposed his will.
B) the defeat of France and the proclamation of the German Empire in Versailles.
C) the imposition of Prussian absolutism throughout the country.
D) a constitution that appeared to be remarkably democratic.
E) a popular vote in most of the states of the former German Confederation.

Question 48

Describe the two main political factions in Britain. What type of constituents did each attract? Who were their leaders?

Question 49

Many Italian Catholics were antagonized by

A) Garibaldi's terrorist regime in Rome.
B) Victor Emmanuel's alliance with the sultan.
C) the assassination of the pope.
D) limitation of papal sovereignty to Vatican City.
E) the introduction of a federal-type government.

Question 50

The Crimean War

A) helped to dismantle the congress system.
B) facilitated the emergence of nation-states at the expense of traditional empires.
C) resulted in a Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire and the final incorporation of the Crimea into Russia.
D) was fought, in part, in the hope of building the foundation for Anglo-French friendship.
E) was a religious crusade by the West to overthrow Islam in the Ottoman Empire.

Question 51

What were the chief problems of the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century, and what attempts were made to solve them? How did the Ottoman government deal with Balkan independence movements, and how did its policies result in the partial dismantling of the empire?

Question 52

In the Dual Monarchy created by the Compromise of 1867, Hungary

A) enjoyed internal autonomy.
B) participated in joint imperial offices with Austria: emperor, finance, defense, and foreign affairs.
C) pursued a policy of Magyarization.
D) was the largest of several ethnic groups and controlled the parliament, bureaucracy, military, and other state institutions in the Hungarian parliament.
E) All of these

Question 53

Explain the rise, heyday, and fall of the Third Empire.

Question 54

Bismarck enlarged the role of Prussia in Germany by

A) destroying the liberals who demanded the abdication of the king.
B) decreasing the power of the royalty in Prussia.
C) gaining a Bismarckian majority in the Prussian parliament.
D) dissolving the Zollverin.
E) signing a military pact with Denmark to weaken Austria.

Question 55

All of the following are true of the Congress of Paris settlement except that it

A) affected international relations for the rest of the century.
B) forbade Russia from keeping a Black Sea fleet and a presence in Moldavia and Wallachia.
C) impaired the Ottoman Empire's ability to repress growing nationalist movements.
D) insisted on improved treatment of Christians within the Ottoman Empire.
E) satisfied all participants and was scrupulously observed.

Question 56

Referring to the chapter feature, "The Written Record: Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War," through her eyes and as primary witness, how does she describe the reality of war?

Question 57

Which of the following did not occur in the second half of the nineteenth century?

A) With the exception of the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, each European state possessed a parliament.
B) Nationalism emerged as a decisive force.
C) The Concert of Europe was strengthened and major wars were avoided.
D) The standard of living rose significantly in industrializing countries.
E) The use of diplomacy was replaced by military aggression.

Question 58

The call for risorgimento , the revival and unification of Italy, was actively supported by

A) most Italians.
B) a small elite of the educated middle class, urban property owners, and professionals.
C) the Catholic Church and the peasants.
D) most of Italy's neighbors.
E) students who reveled in the French Revolution.

Question 59

Describe the process by which Austria became the Dual Monarchy (Austria-Hungary). What were the main problems faced by the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and with what states would you expect its Balkan policies to bring it into conflict?

Question 60

Compare Italy and Germany immediately following their unifications. What policies did the Italian government follow in Italy, and how successful were they? How did the approach of the German government differ, and how did its post-unification position in Europe compare with Italy's?

Question 61

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. Compare Map 22.3 with a modern map of the same area. What states now exist within the area shown on Map 22.3? Where is Bulgaria?

Question 62

Reforms within the Ottoman Empire included all of the following except

A) tighter control over government officials.
B) equality of taxation.
C) legal equality regardless of religion.
D) independence for the Bulgarians.
E) religious tolerance.

Question 63

The Balkans in the late nineteenth century experienced

A) an increase in movements aimed at the independence of the various Christian peoples.
B) flagging Ottoman rule.
C) increased attention from the Great Powers.
D) western educated students who claimed descent from ancient Roman settlers.
E) All of these

Question 64

Serfdom was abolished in Russia because of all of the following except

A) a military of soldiers with a stake in their society fought harder than lifetime servants.
B) industrial progress required a mobile labor force.
C) the tsar feared a rebellion unless serfdom was abolished.
D) Russia's defeat in the Crimean War revealed the need to modernize.
E) abolitionist groups in Russia were gaining support from the landed gentry.

Question 65

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 22.1, what was the largest state in Italy before 1859? What French possession lies between the two parts of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia? What were the last two states to be added to a unified Italy?

Question 66

Queen Victoria

A) stated that childbirth reduced a woman to "a cow or a dog."
B) cultivated an image of a close-knit, nuclear royal family.
C) restored respect for and confidence in the monarchy.
D) as a female monarch, she was seen as less a threat to constitutional liberties.
E) All of these

Question 67

Which of the following does not describe the association of Napoleon III and Cavour?

A) Italian support for the French in the Crimea earned respect from Napoleon III.
B) As an ally of Austria, Napoleon did not favor Italian liberation.
C) Napoleon's agreement with Austria after battles at Magenta and Solferino was not conducive to Italian unity.
D) To achieve Italian unity, Cavour had to have help from France.
E) Cavour and the French emperor actually met in secrecy to discuss Italian unity.

Question 68

In the British parliamentary system after 1850

A) aristocratic birth was no longer a requirement for service in the highest offices of the government.
B) the Conservatives drew their strongest support from the landed classes and Anglicans of England proper.
C) the Liberals had their base in the middle classes, non-Anglican Christians, Wales, and Scotland.
D) a clear two-party system was developed.
E) All of these

Question 69

As a response to defeat in the Crimean War, the Great Reforms accomplished all of the following except

A) abolition of serfdom in Russia.
B) a degree of local self-government.
C) an end to repression.
D) an independent judiciary.
E) the end to censorship of the press.

Question 70

The government of Napoleon III did all of the following except

A) became increasingly oppressive.
B) generated economic growth and, in turn, higher living standards.
C) cleared slums, granted workers limited rights to strike, and redeveloped Paris.
D) subjected itself to a plebiscite in 1870.
E) silenced opposition or drove them into exile.

Question 71

The Paris Commune demanded all of the following except

A) abolition of private property.
B) free universal education and a minimum wage.
C) disestablishment of the Catholic Church.
D) a more just tax system.
E) the right to rule on a local basis.

Question 72

Scandinavia and the Low Countries

A) produced reactionary and repressive regimes.
B) lost their kings.
C) combined monarchy with parliamentary systems.
D) pioneered universal suffrage.
E) suffered continuous political unrest because of entrenched absolute monarchies.

Question 73

Use the map (or maps) referenced in each question for your answer. On Map 22.2, locate Schleswig-Holstein. How did it become part of Prussia? What other territory did Prussia acquire as a result of war with Austria? How did the North German Confederation compare in size with the Austrian Empire? What areas did Prussia conquer from France in the Franco-Prussian War?

Question 74

All of the following describe Otto von Bismarck except

A) he was appointed by Wilhelm I to increase Prussia by expanding its military.
B) as a Junker, he was known for his reactionary views against liberals.
C) he opposed Austrian primacy.
D) he established a Prussian political system based on a strong parliamentary base.
E) he believed that the power of Prussia was based on "iron and blood."

Question 75

After the suppression of the Paris Commune, the restoration of the French monarchy was rejected because

A) the political leaders feared further antagonism of the working class.
B) of a controversy about the tricouleur flag.
C) the Bourbons were closely associated with the Catholic Church.
D) a national referendum prohibited it.
E) as a republic, the regime which divides the least is the best.

Question 76

When Louis Napoleon extended his term of office and then proclaimed himself emperor

A) a devastating revolt occurred.
B) a massive electoral majority supported him.
C) he was overthrown and sent into exile.
D) the Concert of Europe intervened to prevent the resurrection of the French Empire.
E) he never claimed to rule by divine right.

Question 77

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire came to an end because

A) many young intellectuals and Young Turks became critical of the sultan.
B) increased taxes caused widespread discontent.
C) of the dismissal of the new constitutional government by Abdul Hamid II.
D) of financial problems because of foreign debt.
E) All of these