Deck 36: Native American Cultures, 1300 to 1980

Question 1

Which of the following accounts for the relatively easy Spanish conquest of the fierce Aztec?

A) Poor military training in the later years of the Aztec empire
B) Spaniards found allies among the peoples the Aztecs subjugated
C) Far-flung and scattered nature of Aztec military centers
D) Lack of awareness of the threat of Spanish incursion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following Postclassic groups had a strong written tradition?

A) Olmec
B) Teotihuacán
C) Teotihuacán
D) Maya

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the interpretation of the murder of Coyolxauhqui by her brother Huitzilopochtli?

A) Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the god of war
B) Huitzilopochtli's triumph over the forces of the Maya
C) Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the sun over the moon
D) Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the sole god of the Aztecs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The depiction of Quetzalcoatl and Mictlantecuhtli seen in the Borgia Codex illustrates which of the following themes?

A) The brotherhood of the Mixtec and Toltec
B) The contrasting relationship of fire and water
C) The marriage of the Aztec and Maya empires
D) The inevitable relationship of life and death

Question 5

Which element of the Anasazi visual lexicon referenced agricultural fertility?

A) Jaguar
B) Lightning
C) Footprint
D) Eye

Question 6

Which group called themselves Mexica?

A) Maya
B) Tolteca
C) Aztecs
D) Mixtecs

Question 7

Which sailing route yielded a small cache of gold and initiated the expedition of Hernán Cortés to Mexico?

A) Along the coast of Veracruz
B) Along the coast of Ixtapa
C) Along the coast of Yucatán
D) Along the coast of Tampico

Question 8

When confined to the reservations, Plains Indians recorded their past exploits and history in which medium?

A) Blankets
B) Shields
C) Ledger books
D) Beaded leather

Question 9

Which of the following explains the rise to power of the Inka, from a relatively small highland group in the year 1000 to an empire ruling over thousands of square miles in the 1400s?

A) Powerful alliances formed through dynastic marriages
B) Skillful organizational and tight administrative control
C) Devout population following charismatic dynastic leadership
D) Energized population and access to new resources

Question 10

Why is Machu Picchu of great archaeological importance?

A) It was excavated following its discovery in the late 1800s.
B) Its extensive written records detailed the city's Inka history.
C) The site had been left undisturbed since Inka times.
D) The history of its conquest detailed its importance to the Inka.

Question 11

The totemic emblems of Haida poles display information about what?

A) Nearby land
B) Mythology
C) Calendar
D) Clan groups

Question 12

Who were the supreme masters of shaping and fitting stones for architecture in South America?

A) Mixtecs
B) Inka
C) Tairona
D) Zapotecs

Question 13

Many of the Spaniards who first saw Tenochtitlán likened it to which European city?

A) Madrid
B) London
C) Venice
D) Paris

Question 14

The relief of Coyolxauhqui discovered in 1979 had been hidden from the Spaniards as a result of which of the following?

A) The priests always covered the relief with fitted stones when not in use.
B) The Spaniards were distracted by the Curtain of Gold closing off the sanctuary.
C) The Aztec priests removed the relief when the Spaniards approached Tenochtitlán.
D) It lay within the outermost shell of the Great Temple, which concealed the relief.

Question 15

Which animal symbolized Inka royal power in art?

A) Anaconda
B) Puma
C) Eagle
D) Vulture

Question 16

Who are the descendants of the nomadic hunters who arrived in the Southwest from northwestern Canada sometime between 1200 and 1500?

A) Hopi
B) Shawnee
C) Apache
D) Cheyenne

Question 17

Tenochtitlán is laid out on a grid plan that is reminiscent of which earlier culture?

A) Olmec
B) Maya
C) Teotihuacán
D) Tula

Question 18

A prime example of dry-joining masonry (masonry without mortar) is found in which of the following?

A) Temple of Quetzalcoatl at Teotihuacán
B) Maya Temple I at Tikal
C) Haida mortuary temple
D) Inca Temple of the Sun at Cuzco

Question 19

Which of the following cities became a pilgrimage site for the Aztecs?

A) La Venta
B) Chichén Itzá
C) Tula
D) Teotihuacán

Question 20

Which of the following enabled the Inka to control their empire?

A) Distribution of monetary payment to populations
B) Accurate written records of commercial transactions
C) Obedience of the population to the written word
D) Communications along extensive system of roads

Question 21

The arts of the Northwest Coast Indians of North America are expressions not only of spiritual beliefs but also of what?

A) Economic policy
B) Social status
C) Dream interpretation
D) Dynastic history

Question 22

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What scene is represented in this folio page from the Codex Mendoza ?

A) Founding of Teotihuacán
B) Founding of Cuzco
C) Founding of Tenochtitlán
D) Founding of Machu Picchu

Question 23

What was the physical form of the khipu , the device used by the Inka to maintain accurate accounting records?

A) Cords with colored beads
B) Colored cords with knots
C) Leather and colored beads
D) Wood and stone markers

Question 24

The ancient art of creating quilled, beaded, and painted clothing has evolved into elaborate costumes that today are used in what ceremony?

A) Funerals of leaders
B) Competitive dances
C) Marriage ceremonies
D) Initiation ceremonies

Question 25

The Yupik Eskimo have a rich ceremonial tradition based on which animal?

A) Whale
B) Wolf
C) Polar bear
D) Seals

Question 26

How did the Inka convey information about social groups and social status?

A) Gold jewelry
B) Body tattoos
C) Textile patterns
D) Hairstyles

Question 27

What do the pipe, painted buffalo robe, bear-claw necklace, and feather decorations represent in Karl Bodmer's portrait entitled Two Ravens ?

A) Marital status
B) Clan history
C) Military accomplishments
D) Places lived

Question 28

What important Inka shrine did the Spanish use as the foundation for their church of Santo Domingo in Cuzco?

A) Machu Picchu
B) Temple of the Sun
C) Pyramid of the Sun
D) Temple of the Inscriptions

Question 29

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In Southwestern art, what is the Hopi name for spirits personifying ancestors and natural elements such as mountains and rivers?

A) Koshare
B) Corn Maiden
C) Katsina
D) Mudhead

Question 30

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Which Southwestern artist(s) revived ancient pottery techniques to create forms of striking shape, proportion, and texture?

A) Bill Reid
B) Karl Bodmer
C) María and Julian Martínez
D) Otto Pentewa

Question 31

Which of the following groups uses a male designer and a female weaver to produce its textiles?

A) Kwakwaka'wakw
B) Tlingit
C) Haida
D) Inuit

Question 32

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This Ancestral Puebloan mural decorated a male council house, referred to by what term?

A) Avanyu
B) Tipi
C) Kiva
D) Katsina

Question 33

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What pervasive theme of art in the Americas is embodied by this Kwakwaka'wakw mask?

A) Nature worship
B) Transformation
C) Success hunting
D) Ancestor worship

Question 34

The designs of Plains peoples' shield paintings were often based on which of the following?

A) Family history
B) Regional legends
C) Personal religious visions
D) Local topography

Question 35

The rich and reliable environment in which the Northwest Coast dwelled allowed the development of what?

A) A tradition of exploration
B) A tradition of nonviolence
C) Permanent stone houses
D) A class of professional artists

Question 36

Which peoples of the Americas created books for recording history, astronomical tables, maps, calendars, and trade accounts?

A) Aztec
B) Inka
C) Tlingit
D) Maya

Question 37

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In what area of North America did this warrior live?

A) Northwest Coast
B) Woodlands
C) Great Plains
D) Southwest

Question 38

Who were the most skilled goldsmiths in Mesoamerica?

A) Toltecs
B) Maya
C) Mixtecs
D) Aztecs

Question 39

In what structure is superimposition, a common practice in Mesoamerican architecture, best exemplified?

A) Inka Machu Picchu
B) Aztec Hueteocalli
C) Maya Caracol
D) Inka Temple of the Sun

Question 40

Which ephemeral art form, known to only a few practitioners and destroyed after each ceremony, accompanies some of the most sacred rituals of the Navajo?

A) Woven rugs
B) Clay masks
C) Feather belts
D) Sand paintings

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT an art form practiced by Native American women of North America?

A) Woodlands animal-skin decorators
B) Pueblos ceramic artists
C) Navajo weavers
D) Hopi weavers

Question 42

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The warrior depicted in this engraving was a member of which group?

A) Apache
B) Hidatsa
C) Hopi
D) Kwakiutl

Question 43

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This colossal Aztec statue depicts which goddess?

A) Coyolxauhqui
B) Coatlicue
C) Huitzilopochtli
D) Mictlantecuhtli

Question 44

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Which artist created this Hopi katsina figurine?

A) Bill Reid
B) Karl Bodmer
C) Doug Cranmer
D) Otto Pentewa

Question 45

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This enormous relief of the goddess Tlaltecuhtli giving birth was found in what part of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlán?

A) In a room at the summit
B) In the center of the main stairway
C) Within the original pyramid
D) Covering a grave shaft

Question 46

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The artist has drawn this picture on which medium?

A) Tipi hide
B) Ledger book
C) Birch bark
D) Sheepskin codex

Question 47

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Blankets with stylized animal motifs woven of shredded bark and goat wool by Tlingit artists are referred to by which term?

A) Tipi
B) Chilkat
C) Yupik
D) Kiowa

Question 48

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Which Native American artist is responsible for this re-creation on Queen Charlotte Island of a Haida village and its totem poles?

A) Julian Scott
B) Jaune Quick-to-See Smith
C) Karl Bodmer
D) Bill Reid

Question 49

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This mask of the North Wind was created by an artist from which peoples?

A) Northwest Coast
B) Yupik Eskimo
C) Plains
D) Woodlands

Question 50

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This folio comes from which 16th-century codex?

A) Codex Murúa
B) Codex Mendoza
C) Borgia Codex
D) Florentine Codex