Deck 12: The East Is Red China Under Communism

Question 1

Identify the following terms:
the "fifth modernization"

Answer 1

Answer not provided.

Question 2

Identify the following terms:
"Serve the people" v. "Create wealth for the people"

Answer 2

Answer not provided.

Question 3

Identify the following terms:
the "four olds"

Answer 3

Answer not provided.

Question 4

Identify the following terms:
Red Guards

Question 5

Identify the following terms:
"uninterrupted revolution"

Question 6

Identify the following terms:
"like a Buddha on a shelf"

Question 7

Identify the following terms:
collectivization/collective farms

Question 8

Identify the following terms:
the Great Leap Forward

Question 9

Identify the following terms:
Jiang Qing and the "Gang of Four"

Question 10

Identify the following terms:
"people's communes"

Question 11

Identify the following terms:
five-year plan

Question 12

Identify the following terms:
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

Question 13

Identify the following terms:
the "Four Modernizations"

Question 14

Identify the following terms:
"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter so long as it catches the mice"

Question 15

Identify the following terms:
"taking the capitalist road"

Question 16

Identify the following terms:
Mao Zedong

Question 17

Identify the following terms:
Little Red Book and "Mao Zedong Thought"

Question 18

Identify the following terms:
Deng Xiaoping

Question 19

Identify the following terms:
"Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand"

Question 20

Identify the following terms:
New Democracy

Question 21

Identify the following terms:
Ding Ling's The Sun Shines over the Sangan River

Question 22

Identify the following terms:
Mo Yan's The Garlic Ballads and Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out

Question 23

Jiang Rong and Wolf Totem

Question 24

Identify the following terms:
the "mass line"

Question 25

Identify the following terms:
socialist realism v. "art for art's sake"

Question 26

Identify the following terms:
Confucianism

Question 27

Identify the following terms:
the Spratly Islands and Diaoyu Island

Question 28

Identify the following terms:
"politics of dependency"

Question 29

Identify the following terms:
Bai Hua's Bitter Love

Question 30

Identify the following terms:
special economic zones

Question 31

Identify the following terms:
the "Mao suit" vs. designer jeans

Question 32

Identify the following terms:
Fang Lizhi

Question 33

Identify the following terms:
"ten thousand dollar" households

Question 34

Identify the following terms:
1950 Marriage Law

Question 35

Identify the following terms:
2008 Olympic Games

Question 36

Identify the following terms:
Tiananmen Square, May 1989

Question 37

Identify the following terms:
the "rural responsibility system"

Question 38

Identify the following terms:
"literature of the wounded"

Question 39

Identify the following terms:
Hu Jintao

Question 40

Identify the following terms:
Xinjiang's Muslims

Question 41

"A revolution is not a dinner party" was said by

A) Chiang Kai-shek.
B) Vladimir Lenin.
C) Joseph Stalin.
D) Chou Enlai.
E) Mao Zedong.

Question 42

During the New Democracy land reforms

A) no lives were lost.
B) many landlords and rich farmers lost their lives, but they were guilty of serious crimes.
C) some lives were lost among the poorest peasants.
D) some landlords and rich farmers lost their lives, and many were innocent of any crimes.
E) fifteen million died of starvation.

Question 43

Tibet

Question 44

As a result of Deng's pragmatic approach, during the 1980s, the per capita income in China

A) increased 20 percent.
B) increased 50 percent.
C) increased 75 percent.
D) increased 100 percent.
E) decreased 10 percent.

Question 45

Mao Zedong believed all of the following about China's peasants except they

A) had to be compelled and coerced to work.
B) were naturally revolutionary in spirit.
C) were like a blank piece of paper, ready for the words "socialism" and "communism" to be written upon it.
D) could be peacefully persuaded regarding the benefits of collectivization.
E) would work hard for a few years in order to achieve happiness for a thousand years.

Question 46

Zhao Ziyang

Question 47

The four olds included all of the following except

A) old buildings.
B) old thoughts.
C) old culture.
D) old customs.
E) old habits.

Question 48

By 1966, Mao differed with many of his colleagues over his belief in

A) industrial communism.
B) nationalization of the means of production.
C) the validity of Marxism and Leninism.
D) social evolution.
E) uninterrupted revolution.

Question 49

Mao Zedong's New Democracy

A) established people's communes.
B) was a program similar to Soviet's New Economic Policy.
C) created the first five-year plan.
D) restored capitalism at all levels of Chinese society.
E) gave Chinese peasants the vote in choosing all Communist Party officials.

Question 50

In 1955 the Communist Party ordered that all agricultural land be collectivized

A) because by then the five year-plan had provided a surplus of tractors and reapers.
B) to increase food production and thus release labor and capital for industrialization.
C) in order to reduce urban poverty and crime.
D) and the lands be given to independent peasant farmers.
E) as promised in Mao's Little Red Book .

Question 51

The Great Leap Forward

A) was a great success, producing both agricultural and industrial surpluses.
B) lasted until the death of Mao Zedong in 1976.
C) was immediately followed by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
D) was a disaster, costing as many as 15 million lives due to starvation.
E) was opposed by Mao, but he was outvoted by his idealistic colleagues.

Question 52

Deng's reforms failed to achieve the "fifth modernization," which was

A) nationalism.
B) democracy.
C) capitalism.
D) social welfare.
E) individualism.

Question 53

The "Four Modernizations" included all of the following except

A) national defense.
B) family planning.
C) technology.
D) industry.
E) agriculture.

Question 54

Under the land reform program of New Democracy, the number of peasant households receiving land was approximately

A) one-tenth.
B) one-quarter.
C) one-half.
D) two-thirds.
E) nine-tenths.

Question 55

iron rice bowl

Question 56

When Deng Xiaoping came to power, he

A) condemned the "four olds."
B) ordered the "fifth modernization."
C) urged "Create wealth for the people."
D) differentiated between black cats and white cats.
E) followed completely in the footsteps of Mao Zedong.

Question 57

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was similar to the

A) French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
B) Bolshevik take-over of Russia in 1917.
C) Chinese Civil War, won by the Communists in 1949.
D) Chinese Revolution of 1911.
E) Iranian Revolution of 1970.

Question 58

In addition to the years of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, the "ten lost years" also refers to the

A) decade of the 1930s when the Communists were confined to Yan'an.
B) years of the 1920s when the Chinese Communist Party was allied to Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Party.
C) decade after Mao's death when the economy experienced a disastrous depression.
D) years after 1949 when China was largely isolated from the West and its technology.
E) era of the New Democracy.

Question 59

By 1966, Mao believed

A) the peasants would never be revolutionaries.
B) that too many Chinese functionaries were "taking the capitalist road."
C) further reform must come from the top down.
D) the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a failure.
E) that his wife, Jiang Qing, was a "capitalist roader."

Question 60

All of the following were part of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution except

A) Red Guards.
B) "Black cat, white cat, what does it matter along as it catches mice."
C) "Mao Zedong Thought."
D) the Little Red Book .
E) the "four olds."

Question 61

By the end of the 1980s, all of the following were contributing to dissent in China except

A) fear of American nuclear attack.
B) economic inflation which was reducing the real wages of salaried workers.
C) student demands for greater democracy.
D) concern about the Communist Party's aging leadership.
E) widespread corruption and nepotism among Communist Party leaders.

Question 62

Post-Mao Zedong Chinese educational policy model was based upon the

A) Little Red Book .
B) Confucian system.
C) Soviet Union.
D) Western system.
E) Yan'an experiment.

Question 63

The critic who said that "China will not be able to modernize, if it does not break the shackles of Maoist and Stalinist-style socialism" was

A) Fang Lizhi.
B) Chou Enlai.
C) Richard Nixon.
D) Mikhail Gorbachev.
E) Deng Xiaoping.

Question 64

After the Tiananmen Square incident, the Communist government

A) ordered Marxist-Leninist ideology to be removed from school curriculums.
B) demanded that Marxist-Leninist ideology be taught in schools.
C) allowed dissidents within the intellectual communist society to publically criticize Marxist-Leninist practices as long as they did so peacefully.
D) restricted Marxist-Leninist teaching to only the university level, as the demonstrators had mostly been university students.
E) authorized the "fifth modernization" so long as the voters did not question the Marxist-Leninist ideology.

Question 65

The 1989 demonstrations in Tiananmen Square

A) were encouraged by the Communist Party as a tribute to the dead Mao Zedong.
B) were tolerated by China's leaders and eventually the demonstrations quietly ended.
C) so frightened the Communist Party leaders that they had the army violently disperse the demonstrators.
D) were instigated by Chinese students who were demanding the return of Taiwan to China.
E) were postponed because of the death of Deng Xiaoping.

Question 66

Deng Xiaoping's "rural responsibility system"

A) encouraged rural peasants to move to urban areas.
B) demanded that farmers join agricultural communes.
C) allowed peasants to lease land from agricultural collectives and sell their surpluses on the private market.
D) gave all of China's peasants privately-owned farms.
E) sent unemployed urban workers to the countryside as agricultural laborers.

Question 67

All of the following were part of Deng's economic reform program except

A) bureaucratic controls were reduced over state industries.
B) people were encouraged to establish private businesses such as restaurants and repair shops.
C) special economic zones were established in China's interior provinces in order to revitalize the rural countryside.
D) the tourist industry was encouraged.
E) China was opened to foreign investors.

Question 68

As a punishment for occupying neighboring Cambodia, in 1979 China invaded

A) Burma.
B) Thailand.
C) Hunan.
D) Vietnam.
E) Tibet.

Question 69

Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution because he believed

A) ideological considerations were more important than economic progress.
B) that educated specialists were to be given a free hand to rebuild the lagging Chinese economy.
C) given the crises facing China, "experts" would have precedence over "reds."
D) it was necessary to invade Taiwan and regain it from Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists.
E) it was time to invite Richard Nixon to China.

Question 70

The "mass line" in Communist China was

A) an attempt to merge the Chinese Communist Party with Communist parties in other Southeast Asian countries.
B) the organization of peasants, workers, women, and other groups to serve as a link between the people and the Communist Party.
C) another term to describe the agricultural communes of the Great Leap Forward.
D) what the Red Guards attempted to enforce during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
E) the Chinese Communist Party officials "massed" in solidarity against the claims of Soviet Communists to be the leaders of the Comintern.

Question 71

An example of Communist China's increasing activism in its foreign relations with its neighbors is its controversial claim to

A) Port Arthur.
B) Hokkaido.
C) the Spratly Islands.
D) Hong Kong.
E) North Vietnam.

Question 72

The Chinese leader that was most sympathetic to student demands during the Tiananmen Square demonstrations.

A) Zhao Ziyang.
B) Deng Xiaoping.
C) Jiang Zemin.
D) Mao Zedong.
E) Xi Jinping.

Question 73

As an alternative to the fading appeal of Marxism, to hold China together in the uncertain times of the early twenty-first century, the Communist leadership has encouraged

A) the revival of Buddhism.
B) nationalism and patriotism.
C) materialism and making money.
D) individualism and self-fulfillment.
E) a back-to-the-countryside movement as an antidote to urban crime and pollution.

Question 74

One response to Deng's attempt to restore "socialist legality" in reaction to the arbitrary punishments of the Cultural Revolution was

A) the Great Leap Forward.
B) the Four Modernizations.
C) Beijing's "Democracy Wall."
D) the five-year plan.
E) a retreat to economic Marxism.

Question 75

China's "socialist legality" during the Deng regime refers to the

A) equalization of wealth.
B) greater economic support for the rural areas which had benefitted less than the coastal urban areas.
C) ending the arbitrary punishments associated with the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution.
D) adoption of Communist China's first written constitution.
E) last economic stage before pure communism.

Question 76

"Ten thousand dollar" households

A) were collective farms.
B) were farmers who made profits considerably greater than their neighbors.
C) was a term for middle-class urban families.
D) was a reference to corrupt Communist Party officials and their illegal wealth.
E) was the diplomatic sector of Beijing, occupied by wealthy Western embassies.

Question 77

By the end of the 1990s, the private economic sector in Communist China was producing

A) one percent of the gross domestic product.
B) five percent of the gross domestic product.
C) over ten percent of the gross domestic product.
D) twenty percent of the gross domestic product.
E) thirty-five percent of the gross domestic product.

Question 78

After coming to power, Deng Xiaoping

A) concluded that ideological correctness was more important than economic progress.
B) authorized democracy in China's cities but not in the countryside.
C) believed that economic performance was more important than Marxist-Leninist doctrine.
D) pursued a policy of diplomatic isolation from the West.
E) told President Jimmy Carter that "We will bury you."

Question 79

The Chinese province of Xinjiang in the west experienced considerable unrest because of the demands of

A) Tibetan nationalists.
B) Buddhists and Taoists.
C) Muslims.
D) ethnic Manchus.
E) Russian irredentists.

Question 80

In order to thwart the appeal of Western ideas and institutions, in the 1990s China's Communist leaders

A) rehabilitated Confucianism as a non-religious humanistic guide for morals and values.
B) ended all capitalistic and private enterprise endeavors in China.
C) banned foreign tourists and foreign investors.
D) refused to allow any Chinese to travel or study abroad.
E) established a cultural exchange program with the Soviet Union.