Deck 17: Making Decisions About Computers, Information, and Society

Question 1

What would a careful utilitarian declare an act if HAPPINESS_AFTER = HAPPINESS_BEFORE?

A)Good
B)Evil
C)Ethically neutral
D)Not relevant

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The scholarly field of ethics has a long history of studying how to identify and resolve conflicts.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

BitTorrent is the most popular current peer-to-peer file sharing system and accounts for 5% of all Internet traffic._________________________

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Revenues from the sale of recorded music in 2016 was less than half of the revenues in 2000. _________________________

Question 5

VoIP stands for Voice over Internet Protocol . _________________________

Question 6

Napster is still the most popular peer-to-peer file sharing network in the world.

Question 7

____ answer the question "Good for whom?" with a hearty, "Good for everyone!"

A)Deontologists
B)Consequentialists
C)Utilitarians
D)Intelligent agents

Question 8

The most well-known consequentialists are the neo-Luddites . _________________________
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Question 9

Music file copying has encouraged CD buying over the long term.

Question 10

The fundamental question in ethics is what criteria to use when "measuring" the _________________ of a particular act.

A)liability
B)rightness or wrongness
C)truth
D)legal ramifications

Question 11

All musicians are naturally opposed to music file sharing.

Question 12

Napster lost the case accusing it of copyright infringement but won subsequent appeals.

Question 13

"Sharing" of music and movies was rare prior to the popularity of high-speed Internet.

Question 14

The Napster software set up what's called ____ file sharing.

A)freeware
B)MP3
C)peer-to-peer
D)client-server

Question 15

By most accounts, the majority of music that Napster users "shared" was copyrighted, and most of the copyright holders objected to the copying of their music without royalty payments.

Question 16

Using the utilitarians' criterion requires subjective judgments. _________________________

Question 17

Today, more than ____ U.S. households have no landline-based phone, and that percentage is growing rapidly.

A)10%
B)15%
C)25%
D)50%

Question 18

Users had to find each other through the Internet and web before being able to connect and share with Napster.

Question 19

Some people view hackers as social gadflies , people who raise important, but irritating, questions about society.

Question 20

An ethical dialectic usually has a clean stopping point.

Question 21

A(n)____ is someone who breaks into computer systems, launches Internet worms and viruses, or perpetrates other dubious computer-related vandalism.

A)encryption
B)PGP
C)utilitarian
D)hacker

Question 22

Apple introduced the ______________ in 2003 as a service to its iPod music player.

A)Apple Music Experience
B)iTunes Music Store
C)AppleOne Music
D)iAlbums digital store

Question 23

The first step in the paramedic method is to ____.

A)ask what is at stake
B)identify stakeholders
C)identify duties and responsibilities
D)think of analogies

Question 24

Kant came up with ____ that characterized the duties we humans have to each other.

A)ten laws
B)a mathematical formulation
C)categorical imperatives
D)an algorithm

Question 25

A ____ focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.

A)consequentialist
B)universalist
C)PGP
D)dialectic

Question 26

One of the challenges when using a(n)____________________ argument in a dialectic about hacking is that it is sometimes difficult to predict consequences with any accuracy.

Question 27

Social ____ are people who raise important, but irritating, questions about society.

A)gadflies
B)gadabouts
C)hackers
D)dialectics

Question 28

____ calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection.

A)FTP
B)VoIP
C)Linux
D)MP3

Question 29

The word ____ is from the Greek and means "the study of duty."

A)encryption
B)hacker
C)deontology
D)modus ponens

Question 30

In a(n)____, we move back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each.

A)encryption scheme
B)dialectic
C)utilitarian scheme
D)PGP

Question 31

Perhaps the most famous ____ was the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who was born in the eighteenth century.

A)utilitarian
B)Consequentualist
C)deontologist
D)hacktivist

Question 32

____ arguments focus on the duties of the person acting and the way the act impinges on the rights of others.

A)Utilitarian
B)Consequentialist
C)Hacker
D)Deontological

Question 33

Ideally, in a(n)____________________, the ultimate goal is for both sides to "win" by moving closer to the truth from two different perspectives.

Question 34

The opponents of ____________________ hold that in the long run, there may be far less music available because artists and publishers will have far less incentive to create and disseminate music.

Question 35

The philosopher ____ was known to say "never treat a fellow human merely as a means to an end."

A)Descartes
B)Turing
C)Aristotle
D)Kant

Question 36

The final step of the paramedic method is to ____.

A)make a decision or revisit the steps
B)identify stakeholders
C)identify what is at stake
D)think of analogies

Question 37

The power of ____________________ is that it can transfer our understandings and intuitions about something well known to a situation or entity that is less well known.

Question 38

The "hacker ethic" makes the claim that ____.

A)all hacking is positive hacking
B)information sharing is a powerful positive good
C)hackers are ethically ok as long as they have fun
D)hacking is acceptable as long as it is a solitary activity

Question 39

Ethicists depend on what is called a ____ to try to make better and better ethical decisions.

A)categorical imperative
B)dialectic
C)reductionist argument
D)deontology

Question 40

The law tells you what you are allowed to do, technology determines what you are able to do, but neither can tell you whether it is ______ right or wrong to do it.

Question 41

What is Kant's second categorical imperative?

Question 42

Discuss in detail the benefits and problems with analogy.

Question 43

What is Anonymous? What are its best-known actions?

Question 44

Discuss the challenges that make "wiretapping" more difficult now than in the past. What sorts of tools do organizations and governments need to possess in order to "wiretap" in modern times?

Question 45

Identify two of the major leaks in which WikiLeaks has been involved.

Question 46

Explain what sexting is.

Question 47

Talk about the current state of cyberbullying in the world. Is it directed only at school children? Does cyberbullying occur in politics?

Question 48

Explain what WikiLeaks is, how it operates, and what its goal is.

Question 49

What are the components of the "hacker ethic" described in the text?

Question 50

What are two challenges associated with using a utilitarian argument in a dialectic about hacking?