Deck 9: Problems of Development: Progress and Poverty in a Global Age

Question 1

Who was the theorist whose works seemed to mandate imperial expansion as a matter of national security?

A)H.G. Wells
B)Benjamin Disraeli
C)Charles Darwin
D)Alfred T. Mahan
E)Emory Upton

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is an example of a country patched together by an imperial power without regard to preexisting ethnic identities or borders?

A)Iraq
B)Ethiopia
C)Somalia
D)Egypt
E)Jordan

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Of the following, which was most central to Mahatma Gandhi's work for Indian independence?

A)Alliance with Britain's enemies
B)Terrorism
C)Military force
D)Violent revolution
E)Nonviolent resistance

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What occurred in the latter half of the nineteenth century?

A)European countries gave up on expanding their overseas empires.
B)European countries experienced a crisis of conscience over their imperial expansion.
C)European countries devoted additional energy to expanding their overseas empires.
D)European countries aided their former overseas competitors, especially the United States and Japan, to expand their power.
E)European countries became more concerned with imperial competition, especially the United States and Japan.

Question 5

Who was the leader who wrote Neo-Colonialism, The Last Stage of Imperialism ?

A)Muammar Ghadaffi
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Jomo Kenyatta
D)Kwame Nkrumah
E)Julius Nyerere

Question 6

Of the following, which is an LDC?

A)Moldova
B)Paraguay
C)South Africa
D)Egypt
E)Eritrea

Question 7

Which historical event directly led to a massive increase in the number of independent countries in the world?

A)The end of apartheid in South Africa
B)The American Civil War
C)The defeat of Nazi Germany
D)The breakup of the European colonial empires after World War II
E)The breakup of the Russian Empire after World War I

Question 8

What was the general effect of the Industrial Revolution on colonialism in the early nineteenth century?

A)Countries downgraded outward expansion in favor of internal development.
B)Countries put more energy into imperial expansion to provide their new industries with raw materials.
C)Countries put more energy into imperial expansion to provide their new industries with cheap labor.
D)Countries downgraded outward expansion in favor of fighting wars among themselves.
E)Countries downgraded outward expansion in favor of building merchant and fishing fleets.

Question 9

What are three things that LDCs generally lack?

A)Good government, strong ethnic and religious communities, and political parties
B)Access to education, ties to former colonial powers, and bureaucracies
C)Internet connections, strong family ties, and political parties
D)Good government, strong ethnic and religious communities, and health care
E)Access to education, jobs, and health care

Question 10

Of the following, which is the best description of how Britain managed its colonies in the Age of Imperialism?

A)It was among the most cruel and harsh of colonial powers.
B)It ran most of its colonies as giant slave plantations.
C)It attempted to assimilate colonized peoples into English culture.
D)It left native leaders in place and extended opportunities for natives.
E)It granted power to many colonized elites in Parliament and the cabinet.

Question 11

Of the following, which state was independent in 1800?

A)Mexico
B)Egypt
C)Italy
D)Syria
E)Nepal

Question 12

What do the world's poorest countries generally possess?

A)Small land areas
B)Large land areas
C)High birth rates
D)Low birth rates
E)Static population growth

Question 13

Which is the best definition of neocolonialism?

A)It is the theory that former colonial powers continue to exploit their former colonies, even after the latter receive their independence.
B)It states that European countries maintain racist, paternalistic attitudes toward former colonies.
C)It is the theory that First World countries have a moral duty to accept refugees from LDCs.
D)It states that the citizens of former colonies are moving en masse to Europe in order to become majorities there.
E)It is the theory that former colonial powers continue to appropriate the cultures of the peoples whom they once dominated.

Question 14

In 1914, which were the only independent countries left in Africa?

A)Ethiopia and Liberia
B)South Africa and Egypt
C)Sierra Leone and Chad
D)Rhodesia and Ethiopia
E)Liberia and Algeria

Question 15

What is one reason that LDCs' attempts to blame former colonial powers for Third World problems in order to achieve solidarity among LDCs have failed?

A)First World leaders openly bribed those in the Third World not to accuse them of wrongdoing.
B)There was too much cultural diversity among Third World countries.
C)Third World leaders lacked the practical skills to reach out beyond their own borders.
D)Third World countries had their own issues of mismanagement and corruption.
E)First World countries presented a compelling narrative, absolving them of guilt.

Question 16

In which region do LDCs have the highest population densities?

A)Europe
B)Latin America
C)Middle East
D)Asia
E)Africa

Question 17

On what are most LDCs' economies dependent?

A)Oil
B)Agriculture
C)Heavy industry
D)Tourism
E)Natural gas

Question 18

What are the three criteria for a least developed country (LDC)?

A)Low wealth, civil war, and poor infrastructure
B)Low income, endemic corruption, and economic vulnerability
C)Low income, weak human resources, and economic vulnerability
D)Low wealth, civil war, and lack of natural resources
E)Low income, weak human resources, and extensive crime

Question 19

Of the following, which was considered a "First World" country during the Cold War?

A)Soviet Union
B)Syria
C)Canada
D)Poland
E)Haiti

Question 20

In which region do most countries have the challenges of LDCs?

A)Eastern Europe
B)Africa
C)Latin America
D)Central Asia
E)South Asia

Question 21

What was the name of the rebels who challenged Sri Lanka's government in the 1990s ?

A)Tamil Tigers
B)Sinhalese Liberation Front
C)Islamic State of the Indian Ocean
D)Al Qaeda
E)Krishna Consciousness

Question 22

Which institution has controlled Nigeria's government through most of its years as an independent country?

A)Multinational corporations
B)The military
C)The Communist Party
D)Tribal elders
E)The United Nations

Question 23

What do the economies of Peru and Afghanistan have in common ?

A)They have little to nothing to export.
B)They have large coffee industries.
C)They export large amounts of coca.
D)They are dependent on illegal crops.
E)They are dependent on mining.

Question 24

Which of the following is a frequent obstacle to nation building in LDCs?

A)Competing educational systems
B)Nostalgia
C)Multi-ethnic populations
D)Warrior cultures
E)Democratic traditions

Question 25

What is the definition of the Green Revolution ?

A)A return to traditional ways of growing traditional crops, in concert with the environment
B)The introduction of modern, Western environmentalism to LDCs and their societies
C)The application of technology and modern methods to increase high-yield strains of food grains
D)The application of traditional wisdom and methods to increase high-yield strains of food grains
E)A greater appreciation for the environment and a consequent rejection of polluting industries

Question 26

Which ethnic groups were embroiled in the conflict in Rwanda and Burundi in 1993 and 1994 ?

A)Kikuyu and Luo
B)Hutu and Tutsi
C)Somali and Tigrayan
D)Zulu and Xhosa
E)Ndebele and Okavango

Question 27

What do Afghanistan, Côte d'Ivoire, Iraq, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Sudan have in common?

A)They all benefited from foreign imperialism.
B)They all bear the marks of foreign imperialism.
C)They are all economic success stories, going from rags to riches.
D)They all experienced massive outbreaks of violence in recent years.
E)They have all been relatively peaceful in recent years.

Question 28

Which African country experienced genocide in 1994?

A)Mozambique
B)Angola
C)Kenya
D)Rwanda
E)Nigeria

Question 29

During the mid-1990s, how was Nigeria's government described by Transparency International?

A)The most honest in Africa
B)The most corrupt in the world
C)The most responsive to social needs in Africa
D)The most brutal in the world
E)The most democratic in Africa

Question 30

What are two major problems affecting Nigeria in the last fifteen years ?

A)Agricultural failure and Boko Haram
B)Political corruption and agricultural failure
C)Military coups and Christian fundamentalist terrorism
D)Military coups and underpopulation
E)Political corruption and Boko Haram

Question 31

Which of the following is an economic correlate of democracy?

A)Wealth inequality
B)Extensive agriculture
C)Extensive natural resources
D)Foreign aid
E)Internet access

Question 32

Of the following, which two terms best describe India's population ?

A)Small and homogeneous
B)Heterogeneous
C)Large and homogeneous
D)Average and diverse
E)Homogenous

Question 33

What effect does the caste system have on Indian development?

A)It makes development easier by giving everyone a purpose.
B)It makes development easier by making upward mobility easier.
C)It makes development more difficult by dividing communities along religious lines.
D)It makes development more difficult by impeding upward mobility.
E)It makes development easier by impeding upward mobility.

Question 34

Which of the following is a frequent obstacle to state building in LDCs?

A)Holdover colonial officials control too much of the wealth.
B)Holdover colonial officials lack the skills to teach new local bureaucrats.
C)Wealthy elites tend to sympathize too much with the poor.
D)Poverty means that people have no interest in a new state.
E)Poverty means that there is no existing wealth or income to tax.

Question 35

About how much of Nigeria's tax revenues come from oil ?

A)Thirty-five percent
B)Fifty percent
C)Seventy-five percent
D)Eighty percent
E)Ninety-five percent

Question 36

What are the three most prevalent languages of India ?

A)Punjabi, Sanskrit, and Tamil
B)Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi
C)Hindi, Urdu, and Gujarati
D)English, Hindi, and Urdu
E)English, Hindi, and Gujarati

Question 37

What is an important similarity between the economies of India and China ?

A)They are dependent on exports for revenue and vulnerable to drops in global demand.
B)They are similar in GDP and per capita GDP.
C)They have roughly similar degrees of income inequality.
D)They have coupled economic reform with political freedom.
E)They have alleviated poverty throughout their countries.

Question 38

Of the following, which region has the lowest per capita gross domestic product ?

A)The Caribbean
B)Europe
C)Latin America
D)The Middle East
E)Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 39

Which of the following terms best describes the political development process in LDCs?

A)Doomed
B)Inevitable
C)Stabilizing
D)Easy
E)Destabilizing

Question 40

Which African country experienced the most dramatic, positive political change in the early 1990s?

A)Angola
B)South Africa
C)Botswana
D)Zimbabwe
E)Mali

Question 41

What country invaded Afghanistan in 1979 ?

A)United States
B)China
C)India
D)Soviet Union
E)Pakistan

Question 42

In Somalia, the most important social ties are based upon which of the following?

A)Clan
B)Ethnolinguistic group
C)Religion
D)Region
E)Nation

Question 43

Examine the presidency of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe. How could a man once revered as the father of his country lead it into economic decline and political tyranny? Could this deterioration have been avoided? If so, how?

Question 44

Analyze the challenges in nation building and state building in recently independent LDCs. What is the single most promising means of achieving success? Explain your reasoning and give examples.

Question 45

Analyze the West's definition of development. How might this distort wealthier countries' views of LDCs and present obstacles to the latter for their economic and political growth?

Question 46

Examine the leadership of Narendra Modi. What has been his single most important achievement as prime minister of India, and what has been his biggest failure? Explain your reasoning fully.

Question 47

Of the following, which country is most threatened by instability in Afghanistan ?

A)India
B)Iran
C)Pakistan
D)Russia
E)China

Question 48

What is the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan ?

A)Iranians
B)Uzbeks
C)Hazaras
D)Tajiks
E)Pashtuns

Question 49

Analyze the politics and economics of Nigeria and India. Why has India been more successful, both politically and economically, than Nigeria, despite lacking natural resources?

Question 50

What is the largest religious branch in Afghanistan ?

A)Hanafi Islam
B)Sufi Islam
C)Ismaeli Islam
D)Sunni Islam
E)Shi'a Islam