Deck 11: Editing and Coding: Transforming Raw Data Into Information

Question 1

When coding multiple-response questions where respondents are asked to tick all answers that apply, each option is assigned a number according to its listed sequence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The idea that categories should not overlap, to ensure that a response can appear in only one category, describes coding categories that are mutually exclusive.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Data cleaning is a process used to determine inaccurate, incomplete or unreasonable data.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

During the coding procedure, the respondent's opinions are divided into mutually exclusive thought patterns.

Question 5

Changing the order or wording of questions part-way through a survey helps to maintain the integrity of the data collected.

Question 6

Data are bodies of facts in a format suitable for decision-making.

Question 7

A data matrix is a rectangular arrangement of data in rows and columns.

Question 8

Data cleaning occurs in the first stage of the coding process, to ensure that all codes are legitimate.

Question 9

Differentiating categories of answers for coding is less complex with open-ended questions than with fixed-alternative questions.

Question 10

The end result of code-building should be an extended list of all comments and thoughts given in responses to the questions.

Question 11

A field is a collection of related records representing the data.

Question 12

Conducting a field edit allows supervisors to deal with questions posed by respondents.

Question 13

When constructing codes for a questionnaire, the coding categories should be interdependent, to ensure that all possible responses are recorded.

Question 14

Open-ended questions are best-suited to online surveys, because respondents are more likely to think and provide detailed comments about the topic under investigation.

Question 15

The stages of data analysis involve a series of independent procedures performed to compile the data.

Question 16

The purpose of coding is to ensure that the data are complete, consistent and readable.

Question 17

Information is simply recorded measures of certain phenomena.

Question 18

When a questionnaire is highly unstructured, a framework for classifying responses to the questions should be established prior to data collection.

Question 19

Editing incorporates the same process as coding.

Question 20

When a thought is composed of more than one word or phrase, only the most specific word or phrase is coded.

Question 21

Assigning males the value of zero and females the value of one in a database to record the gender of the respondents is an example of:

A) coding.
B) test tabulation.
C) editing.
D) verification.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a purpose of field editing of data?

A) To check the legibility of handwriting
B) To clarify responses that are logically inconsistent
C) To discover questions that have not been answered
D) To replace missing data with extraneous values

Question 23

The assignment of numbers to edited data is known as:

A) editing.
B) recording.
C) coding.
D) recoding.

Question 24

Which of the following cannot be identified from the code book?

A) Code name
B) Variable description
C) Missing value
D) Field

Question 25

Constant comparison refers to the process where the researcher compares the coding scheme from the qualitative analysis to relevant secondary data to look for consistencies.

Question 26

The role of data editing is to address issues relating to all of the following, except:

A) data completeness.
B) data consistency.
C) data omissions.
D) data classification.

Question 27

If qualitative research is done well, for the purpose of a business decision, there may be no need for further quantitative research.

Question 28

While reviewing a set of telephone interview data, an editor found that one of the respondents was below the intended sampling age, and as such had to be eliminated from the dataset. The editor was checking for:

A) completeness.
B) consistency.
C) extraneous variables.
D) missing data.

Question 29

'Pawing' refers to the physical or manual coding of the data.

Question 30

A collection of related fields is known as a:

A) file.
B) record.
C) code.
D) field.

Question 31

Which of the following processes is most crucial before the survey is administered?

A) Coding
B) Pretesting
C) Recoding
D) Editing

Question 32

A collection of characters that represents a single type of data is known as a:

A) file.
B) record.
C) field.
D) code.

Question 33

Which of the following tasks is not performed during the data-cleaning process?

A) Checking for inaccurate data
B) Determining readability of data
C) Identifying incomplete data
D) Determining outliers

Question 34

During the analysis stage, several interrelated procedures are performed to summarise and rearrange the data. Which of the following shows the correct sequence?

A) Data coding; data editing; data entry; data analysis
B) Data coding; data entry; data editing; data analysis
C) Data editing; data coding; data entry; data analysis
D) Data editing; data entry; data coding; data analysis

Question 35

Recorded measures of certain phenomena are called _________, whereas _________ refers to a body of facts that are in a format conducive to decision-making.

A) data; information
B) information; data
C) information; code
D) codes; data

Question 36

To enable the raw data collected in the field to answer the marketing manager's questions, it must be _________ into information.

A) edited
B) reconstructed
C) transformed
D) coded

Question 37

Review of data to identify whether outliers are present in the collected responses occurs during which of the following processes?

A) Data-cleaning
B) Data coding
C) Data transformation
D) Data entry

Question 38

When a fieldworker records an improbable answer (for example, 'Birth year: 1861'), it means that the data need to be:

A) edited
B) recoded
C) coded
D) reconstructed

Question 39

Which of the following would have the least impact on the integrity of data?

A) Poor editing or coding
B) A high proportion of nonresponses
C) There are only a few outliers
D) The data is made up

Question 40

Emergent coding is a hallmark of a grounded theory approach to coding qualitative data.

Question 41

When the researcher coding qualitative data is looking for causal or logical links between terms, they are using a coding strategy known as:

A) constant comparison.
B) transitions.
C) connectors.
D) pawing.

Question 42

In test tabulation, what is the typical percentage of responses from completed questionnaires that a researcher will use to create coding categories?

A) 10 per cent
B) 20 per cent
C) 30 per cent
D) 40 per cent

Question 43

The idea that the coding categories applied to a given question should allow all possible answers to receive a code is another way of saying that the coding categories should be:

A) mutually exclusive.
B) independent.
C) exhaustive.
D) selective.

Question 44

Which of the rules for coding has been violated by the following responses to a question about a respondent's age? ? $\text {unger 20}$
? $\text {21-30}$
? $\text {\(31 - 40\)}$
? $\text {51-60}$
? $\text { over } 65$

A) Coding categories should be exhaustive.
B) Coding categories should be test tabulated.
C) Coding categories should be mutually exclusive.
D) Coding categories should be independent.

Question 45

The tallying of a small sample of the total number of replies to a particular question in order to construct coding categories for open-ended questions is known as:

A) recoding.
B) test tabulation.
C) data entry.
D) production coding.

Question 46

A priori codes are established before examining the data and are drawn from all of the following, except:

A) topics covered in the interview.
B) experiential knowledge of the researcher.
C) previous research or theory.
D) the research question.

Question 47

All of the following are reasons we might choose a qualitative research method, except:

A) to develop theory.
B) to uncover possible reasons for a phenomenon.
C) to learn the triggers for an event to occur.
D) to learn the strength of a relationship.

Question 48

A question on a survey that has not been answered by the respondent is called a(n) ____ ___________.

Question 49

When a field supervisor checks the collected data at the end of each day to catch technical omissions (for example, missing responses to questions), it is an example of _____ _______.

Question 50

Preliminary field editing is performed:

A) before the survey.
B) during the survey.
C) after the survey responses.
D) after the survey.

Question 51

Which of the rules for coding has been violated by the following responses to a question about annual salary? ? $\text {under 120000}$
? $\text {\$20 000-40 000}$
? $\text {\$40 000-\$60 000}$
? $\text {above \$60 000}$

A) Coding categories should be exhaustive.
B) Coding categories should be mutually exclusive.
C) Coding categories should be test tabulated.
D) Coding categories should be all-inclusive.

Question 52

When coding qualitative data, a researcher may come across terms used by the respondent that have a particular meaning and significance to the setting. This is known as a(n):

A) indigenous category.
B) connector.
C) emergent code.
D) a priori code.

Question 53

The actual numerical or other character symbols assigned to raw data are known as _____.

Question 54

The process of checking and adjusting data for omissions, legibility and consistency is known as _______.

Question 55

The process of assigning numerical scores or character symbols to previously edited data is known as ______.

Question 56

Precoding can be used if:

A) the researcher uses open-ended response questions to explore an unfamiliar topic.
B) the researcher knows what the answer categories will be before the data is collected.
C) the researcher is unsure of what the answer categories will be before the data is collected.
D) the questionnaire to be administered is highly unstructured.

Question 57

The process used to determine inaccurate, incomplete or unreasonable data and then improve its quality through correction of detected errors and omissions is known as ____ ________.

Question 58

A qualitative researcher has conducted interviews with undergraduate students on their study habits. The researcher codes a section of the data as 'staying up late to finish assignments'. Here, the researcher is coding a:

A) strategy or practice.
B) setting.
C) condition or constraint.
D) meaning.

Question 59

Data cleaning occurs at which stage of the data analysis process?

A) Data editing
B) Data coding
C) Data entry
D) Data analysis

Question 60

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The usual reason for using open-ended questions is that the researcher has a clear hypothesis regarding the answers.
B) A major objective of the coding process is to accurately transform the meanings from written responses into numeric codes.
C) Differentiating categories of answers for coding is more difficult with open-ended questions than with fixed-alternative questions.
D) A systematic procedure for assessing the questionnaires should be developed by the research analyst so that the editor has clearly defined rules to follow.

Question 61

In a typical data spreadsheet, each row represents a(n) ______.

Question 62

The idea that categories should be provided for all subjects, objects or responses describes coding categories that are __________.

Question 63

Most qualitative research coding begins with ______ codes, and new codes are created as ideas or relationships are discovered in the data.

Question 64

A collection of related records is called a(n) ____.

Question 65

Using a computer to convert original codes used for raw data into codes that are more suitable for analysis is known as ________.

Question 66

_____ are notes to yourself and the research team to record reasons for codes and to note any insights or theories you have about the importance of or relationships among themes.

Question 67

In a typical data spreadsheet, each column in the matrix represents a particular _____.

Question 68

________ codes are created as you come across ideas or themes that were not expected from theory.

Question 69

A collection of characters that represents a single type of data is called a(n) _____.

Question 70

The tallying of a small sample of the total number of replies to a particular question is known as ____ __________.

Question 71

The process that involves error checking and verification of the data is also known as ____ ________.

Question 72

The rows and columns in a spreadsheet are collectively known as a(n) ____ ______.